人教新课标选修六 Unit 5 The power of nature（词汇 短语 句型 阅读）-备战 高考英语一轮基础复习

备战高考英语一轮基础复习选修六unit5（人教版）（词汇+短语+句型+阅读）一：词汇过关1.equipmentn.设备；装备→____________vt.装备2.appointvt.任命；委派→____________n.任命；约定3.evaluatevt.评估；评价；估计→____________n.评估4.absoluteadj.绝对的；完全的→____________adv.绝对地；完全地5.actualadj.实在的；实际的→____________adv.实际上；事实上6.diverseadj.多种多样的；不同的→____________n.多种多样；多样性7.suitn.一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜→____________adj.合适的；适宜的8.uncomfortableadj.不舒服的；不舒适的→____________adj.舒服的；舒适的→____________vt.使安慰9.anxiousadj.忧虑的；不安的→____________adv.不安地；忧虑地→____________n.担心；焦虑；渴望10.unconsciousadj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→____________adj.有知觉的，有意识的→____________adv.有意识地二：短语复习1.____________烧成平地2.____________前往3.____________匆匆看一遍4.____________由……到……不等5.____________被委派为…… 6.____________生产；产生7.____________有……的天赋8.____________是……的栖息地9.____________与……相比10.____________适合于三：句型复习1.动词-ing形式作状语____________，Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。2.beaboutto...when...意为“正要/就要……这时(突然)……”I____________suddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。3.独立主格结构Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,but____________，Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。四：单句语法填空1.Inouroffice,Jimis____________(absolute)anexpertincomputers,andhealwayssolvesthecomplexproblemsinafewminutes.2.Alotofmoneywasspentonthe____________(equip)ofthenewschool.3.Ineedtomakean____________(appoint)withMiketodiscussthematter.4.Thefearofallkindsofexaminationscanbeasourceofdeep____________(anxious)tomanystudents.5.Fruitiseatenbyahuge____________(vary)ofanimalsandbirds.6.Theycomefromdifferentplaces,andtheirbackgroundsandbeliefsreflectthe____________(diverse)ofAmerica.7.Theyoungmanissoluckythatheisemployedbyafamous____________(novel).8.Thesmallhouseisnotreally____________(suit)foralargefamily.9.Weneedtocarryoutaproper____________(evaluate)ofthenewsystem.10.Toshowour____________(appreciate)forallyourhardwork,we’dliketogiveyouabonus.五：单句短文改错1.Assoonashesawus,hemadeitswaythroughthecrowdtogreetus.2.Hewasshootinthelegandsenttothehospital.3.Burnedittotheground,thehouselayinruinsandwelosttoomanyvaluablesinthisfire.4.TheimportanceofbeinganOlympianvaryfromathletetoathlete.5.Ifyousendtheapplicationform,Icanguaranteeyouforaninterview.6.Hetoldmethathewouldbeappointeddoanotherjobofthedepartment.7.Therewasananxiouslymomentwhentheplanesuddenlydropped.8.Shehastheabilitytosuitherperformanceswiththeaudience.9.Havingfixedeyesonforseveralminutes,thelittlegirlfeltuncomfortableandherfacewasred.10.Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtorealizetheirfullpotentials.六：阅读训练（A）Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime,Ibelieveallofyouknownowhowplasticsdeveloped.Butapieceofsadnews,everyyearabout8millionmetrictonsofplasticisthrownintoouroceans.That'sasmuchasatruckloadofplasticwasteeveryminute.Asyoumayknow,plasticwastechokesandhooksturtlesandseabirds.Worsestill,plasticpiecesareoftenmistakenforfoodbymarine(海洋的)animals.Tinypiecesofplasticareevenblockingthestomachsofmarinecreaturesandfish.AccordingtoPlasticOceans,packagingaccountsforjustover40%oftotalplasticusage.Annuallyapproximately500billionplasticbagsareusedworldwide.Morethan1millionbagsareusedeveryminute.14%ofalllittercomesfrombeveragecontainers(plasticbottles).Sadly,aplasticbaghasanaverage“workinglife”of15minutes.Overthelast10yearswehaveproducedmoreplasticthanduringthewholeofthelastcentury.Plastictakes500yearstobreakdown.Onceitentersourenvironment,itstaysthere.Thisiswhyitisimportanttostopusingplasticitemsthatweuseforabout15minutesbeforewedisposeofit.Hopefully,wecanhelpputanendtoplasticpollutionbychoosingnottousesingleuseplasticitems,suchasplasticbagsandstraws.AndthisJuly,peoplearoundtheworldwilltakeapledge(请愿)toliveaplasticfreelife.Youcaneithergiveupthetopfour——straws,bottles,bagsandcoffeecupsoryoucanrefuseasmuchsingleuseplasticasyoucaneveryday.Anotherwaytohelpreducetheproblemistotakepartinbeachclean-ups.OnthefirstSaturdayofeverymonthCleanC,aninitiativethatgetsvolunteerstocleanupourbeaches,hostsbeachclean-upsonbeachesacrossCapeTown.Youcanfinddetailsofupcomingeventsontheirwebsite.1．Whatwasprobablytalkedaboutlasttime?A．Thehistoryofplastics. B．Thecreationofplastics.C．Whenplasticswasmade. D．Howplasticswascreated.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A．Plasticpackagingisstillontherise.B．Plasticbottlesarethemostseriousglobalproblems.C．Plasticscanbreakdownwithincenturies.D．Single-usedplasticscontributestooceanpollution.3．Theunderlinedphrase“disposeof”canbereplacedby________.A．takecontrolof B．goinfor C．getridof D．watchoutfor4．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthetext?A．Toappealtofactoriestostopmakingplastics.B．Tocallonpeopletorefuseplasticpollution.C．Toorganizeactivitiestocleanupthebeaches.D．Togathervolunteerstoprotectthemarineanimals.（B）Partiestocelebratespecialevents,achievements,andholidaysaretheperfecttimeforhoststoexercisetheirroles.1．Butforsomepeople,invitationstoeventsthatcenteraroundfoodleadtofearandanxiety.2．Andmanysweettreatsandsaltysnacksattractusbecauseofthechemicaladditivesandmixturesthatperfectthematerialandtasteoffoods.Still,mostpartyfoodsincludelargeamountsofunhealthyfats.Fatitselfshouldbepartofahealthydiet.Butthehighlyprocessedtypesofthemcanbreakdownourhealth.Bynow,youareprobablywonderingwhathealthyfoodchoicesshouldbeofferedatourget-togethers.3．Vegetablesaladscanalsobearelieftothoseseekinghealthierchoices,butitisbesttoleaveoffthedressingandprovideavarietyofdressingchoices,includingplainoliveoilandItalyvinegar.Thenatureofthepartycanoftendeterminethecuisine,butnearlyanycommonpartydishcanberecreatedwithhealthieringredients(食材).It'sbesttousewholegrainswhenpossible.4．Andfinally,besuretoletyourhealth-consciousguestsknowthattherearesomefoodchoicesbyremindingthemontheinvitation.5．Ifyoumakeahomemadetreatordish,supplyinganotecardwiththeingredientsisappreciatedbythoseattemptingtoavoidspecificingredients.Atyournextparty,trythisrecipeforhealthier,blackbeanbrownies.Notonlyaretheseallergy-friendly,buttheyofferalotofhealthbenefitsforeveryone.A．Allchildrenlikecookies,cakesandicecream.B．Generally,foodandfellowshipisaperfectmarriage.C．Mosttraditionalpartyfoodscontainlargeamountsofsugar.D．Thismaymakethedifferencebetweenanacceptanceorarefusal.E.Ratherthanpartycandy,offersmallbowlsofdry-roastedorrawnuts.F.Usecoconutoilinplaceofbutter,orhoneyinsteadofsugartosweetentreats.G.Usuallyfreshvegetablesandfruitcanensureeveryonetoparticipatecomfortably.参考答案一：1.fortable;comfort9.anxiously;anxiety10.conscious;consciously二：1.burntotheground2.makeone’sway3.glancethrough4.varyfrom...to...5.beappointedas6.givebirthto7.haveagiftfor8.behometo9.becomparedwith10.besuitablefor三：1.Havingcollectedandevaluatedtheinformation2.wasabouttogobacktosleepwhen3.thisbeingmyfirstexperience四：1.absolutely2.equipment3.appointment4.anxiety5.variety6.diversity7.novelist8.suitable9.evaluation10.appreciation五：1.its改为his2.shoot改为shot3.去掉it4.vary改为varies5.去掉for6.在appointed后加to7.anxiously改为anxious8.with改为to9.在fixed前加been10.potentials改为potential六：1．根据第一段“Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime,Ibelieveallofyouknownowhowplasticsdeveloped.(好了，回到上节课结束的地方，我相信你们都知道塑料是如何发展起来的。)”可推知，上节课主要讲塑料是如何发展起来的的，即塑料的历史。故选A。2．根据第二段的相关数据及“aplasticbaghasanaverage“workinglife”of15minutes(一个塑料袋的平均“使用寿命”是15分钟)”等信息，再结合第三段中的“wecanhelpputanendtoplasticpollutionbychoosingnottousesingleuseplasticitems(我们可以通过选择不使用一次性塑料物品来帮助结束塑料污染)”可推知，一次性使用的塑料制品是造成海洋塑料污染的主要原因。故选D。3．根据上文“aplasticbaghasanaverage“workinglife”of15minutes.(一个塑料袋的平均“使用寿命”是15分钟。)”和划线部分所在句子“Thisiswhyitisimportanttostopusingplasticitemsthatweuseforabout15minutesbeforewedisposeofit.”（这就是为什么停止使用塑料制品非常重要，因为我们使用15分钟就会把它disposeof）可以推测出塑料袋在平均被使用15分钟后会就不会再使用（被丢弃），故划线词词义与“不会再使用（被丢弃）”意思相近。A.takecontrolof控制；B.goinfor参加，从事；追求；赞成；C.getridof摆脱，除去；D.watchoutfor注意寻找；戒备；小心提防。结合选项可知C选项意思较为接近，且与句子意思相符。故选C。4．根据文章第一段“Butapieceofsadnews,everyyearabout8millionmetrictonsofplasticisthrownintoouroceans.That'sasmuchasatruckloadofplasticwasteeveryminute.(但有一条不幸的消息，每年大约有800万吨塑料被扔进我们的海洋。这相当于每分钟有一卡车的塑料垃圾。)”及最后一段“AndthisJuly,peoplearoundtheworldwilltakeapledge（请愿）toliveaplasticfreelife.(今年7月，世界各地的人们将承诺过无塑料生活。)”可知本文在介绍海洋塑料污染的基础上，旨在呼吁人们停止使用一次性塑料制品，拒绝塑料污染。故选B。1．B项“Generally,foodandfellowshipisaperfectmarriage.(一般来说，食物和友谊是完美的结合)”说明了一般情况下，食物促进友谊的积极联系。下文“Butforsomepeople,invitationstoeventsthatcenteraroundfoodleadtofearandanxiety.(但对一些人来说，邀请参加以食物为中心的活动会导致恐惧和焦虑)”说明了一些人参加以食物为中心的派对受到的消极影响，是对B选项的否定转折。B项起到引起下文的作用。故选B项。2．C项“Mosttraditionalpartyfoodscontainlargeamountsofsugar.(大多数传统的聚会食品都含有大量的糖)”说明聚会食品都添加有大量的糖。下文“Andmanysweettreatsandsaltysnacksattractusbecauseofthechemicaladditivesandmixturesthatperfectthematerialandtasteoffoods.(许多甜食和咸味小吃吸引我们是因为化学添加剂和混合物使食物的材料和味道完美)”说明了，许多甜食和咸味食品吸引我们是因为添加了一些化学添加剂。下文对C项起到解释说明作用，C项起到引起下文作用。故选C项。3．G项“Usuallyfreshvegetablesandfruitcanensureeve