选修8 UNIT3 词汇讲解

选修8UNIT3词汇讲解选修8UNIT3词汇讲解选修8UNIT3词汇讲解选修8UNIT3词汇讲解编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:Unit3InventorsandinventionsKEYWORDSANDPHRASES1．callup给……打电话；使想起；回忆WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.(教材P20)当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。callback召唤某人回来；再访；回电话callfor需要；要求；接(人或物)callin邀请；请来callon拜访(人)；号召callinon简短拜访callat拜访(某地)calloff取消Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthtodonatetheirbloodvoluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。Heisill；youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。2．nowandthen偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，butnotoften)Snakescomenearthehousenowandthen，andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere，notfarfromthewalnuttree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。Wehaven'tseeneachotherforyears，butwechatonlinenowandthen.我们已有多年未见过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有：(every)nowandagainfromtimetotimeattimesonceinawhileoccasionallyalittlenowandalittlethen【提示】fromtimetotime强调经常性；nowandthen等强调间歇性。3．Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.(教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤害到它们。(1)distinguishvt.&vi.显出……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencoloursaresaidtobecolour­blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲①distinguishoneself(as)(作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征distinguish...by...以……为特征②distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的③distinguishableadj.可区别的④distinctionn．区别(2)mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的Theyaskedhimtobemercifultotheprisoners.他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。①mercyn．仁慈，宽容show/havemercytosb.对某人仁慈shownomercytosb.对某人无情atthemercyof任由……摆布，在……掌握中It'samercy...[口语]……真是幸运！②mercifully幸运地；宽大地Theywerelostatseaatthemercyofwindandweather.他们在海上迷失，任由大风和天气摆布。It'samercythattheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。4．ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，but_there_only_seemed_to_bepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.(教材P20)我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，似乎只有用来毒死蛇的药粉能用。(1)thereseemedtobe是therebe句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。therebe句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如：live，stand，lie，remain，appear，seemtobe，come等。therebe结构是一个看似简单但命题空间很大的知识点。【提示】在“therebe...”句型中，be动词前可以加can，may，must，oughtto，usedto，happento，seemto，appearto等情态动词或动词短语。Therehappenedtobenooneintheroom.碰巧房间里没有人。5．setabout开始；着手(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.(教材P20)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。Shesetaboutthebusinessofcleaningthehouse.她动手打扫起房子来。Aftertheearthquake，thepeoplesetaboutrebuildingtheirhomes.地震过后，人们开始重建家园。setout出发，启程；开始setoff出发；动身besetin以……为背景setback阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨setaside留出；对……不予考虑setdown记下；写下setup树立(榜样)；设立；创立setfree释放；使……获得自由【对接高考】(2012·浙江)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered，youcan________preparingyourbusinessplan.A．setoutB．setaboutC．setoffD．setup6．Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.(教材P20)它们一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里了。(1)abruptlyadv.突然地，意外地；唐突地Thetrainstoppedabruptly，nearlytippingmeoutofmybunk.火车突然停住，我差点儿从床位上摔下来。abruptadj.突然的，意外的；粗鲁的，唐突的，生硬的anabruptturn急转弯inanabruptmanner无礼的态度anabruptchange突然改变(2)convenientadj.方便的；适宜的；合适的；在近处的；近便的Willitbeconvenientforyoutostartworktomorrow你明天开始工作方便吗Ourhouseisconvenientfortheshops.我们家到商店很方便。①Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.(某人)干某事是方便的convenient(forsb.)某事(对某人来说)是方便的if/whenitisconvenienttosb.如果某人方便的话②conveniencen．方便，便利atone'sconvenience在某人方便时Itisveryconvenienttopaybycreditcard.用信用卡付款非常方便。Canyoutelephonemeatyourconveniencetoarrangeameeting你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面【提示】convenient主语不能是人。例如：“如果你方便的话”英语应表达为：ifitisconvenientto/foryou，而不应表达为：ifyouareconvenient。【对接高考】(2012·天津高考)Thesecretaryarrangeda(n)________timeandplacefortheapplicantstohaveaninterview.A．importantB．SpareC．publicD．convenient7．cautionn．小心；谨慎；警告ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.(教材P20)这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。Dadalwaysdriveswithcaution.爸爸开车一直十分小心。①withcaution小心地；谨慎地②cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的becautiousof/about...对……很小心/谨慎8．expectationn．预料；期待；期望Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.(教材P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。It'sourexpectationthatyouwilldoitwell.我们期待你干得出色。Shelookedatmewithexpectation.她满怀期待地看着我。①comeuptoone'sexpectations达到某人的期望liveuptoone'sexpectations不辜负某人的期望inexpectationof/that...预料beyondexpectations出乎意料againstexpectations与预期相反②expectvt.预料；预计；期待；期望expectthat...预料……expect(sb.)todosth.期望(某人)做某事；预料(某人)做某事【提示】expectation意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。9．seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations，Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.(P21)由于亲戚和朋友的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。Heseizedherbythearm/wrist.他抓住她的胳膊seizeachance/anopportunity抓住机会/时机seizethearm抓住某人的手臂seizeon/upon突然大为关注，抓住(可利用的事物)seizeup停止运转，发生故障；(身体)发僵【提示】表示“抓住/打在某人的某个部位”时常用：seize/hitin/bythe＋身体部位10．Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition_can_you_saythatyouaretrulyaninventor.(教材P21)只有你已经获得了那种认证，你才能说自己是一个真正的发明者。only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有用这种办法我们才能解决问题。Onlywhenhefinishestheworkcanhegohome.只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。【提示】①当有从句时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。②当only修饰其状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不用倒装。Onlymyparentsknowthesecret.Hefoundhiswatchmissingonlyyesterday.【对接高考】(2012·天津高考)OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtime________thespellingmistake.A．didshenoticeB．shenoticedC．doesshenoticeD．shehasnoticed11．Nor_will_you_receiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.(教材P21)你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。本句是部分倒装句，nor位于句首时要用部分倒装。①以否定副词not，never，seldom，hardly，little，nowhere，scarcely，rarely，neither，nor开头的句子要用部分倒装语序。②由notonly...butalso...连接的并列句，若将notonly置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装，butalso连接的分句不倒装。而由neither...nor...连接的并列句，两个分句都倒装。③由连接词nosooner...than，scarcely...when，hardly...when连接的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。Notonlydidhegivemesomeadvice，butalsohelentmesomemoney.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.表示否定意义的短语放在句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。这类短语有：undernocircumstances，onnoaccount，innoway，atnopoint，atnotime，innosense，bynomeans等，都表示“决不”。【对接高考】(2012·重庆高考)Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse，nor________itathought.doesheevengiveB．heevengivesC．willheevengiveD．hewillevengive1．freezing(教材P23)adj.冰冻的；严寒的n．冰点freezingcold相当冷above/belowfreezing在冰点以上/以下freezetodeath冷得要死；冻死freezingpoint冰点freezev．(使)结冰；(使)凝固frozenadj.冻结的；冷冻2．innocentadj.无辜的；清白的；无罪的；天真的Inacourtroomitissometimesdifficulttorecognizewhoisinnocentandwhoisguilty.(教材P23)有时在法庭上很难分辩谁无罪谁有罪。Heisaninnocentvictim.他是个无辜的受害者。beinnocentof没有……innocencen．无罪；纯真；单纯beguiltyof有……罪3．bearvt.忍受，忍耐；负担，承受；生育n．熊Icannotbearthesmellofsausageburntonthebarbecue.(教材P24)我无法忍受香肠在烤架上被烧焦的味道。beardoing/n./todo忍受……bearsb./sb.'sdoing忍受某人做……bearsb./证实；为……作证bearwithsb./sth.耐心对待……；容忍……bearmind牢记……bearresponsibility/theblame承担责任/受责备【提示】①bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can，could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词还有stand等。②borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。bear/stand/tolerate/putupwithbear是表示“忍受”的最普通用词。stand表示“忍受”时用于口语。与bear相同，多用于否定句和疑问句。tolerate常指以自我克制的态度对付令人生厌的人或事物。这种容忍往往不会给忍受者带来太大的痛苦。putupwith口头用语。一般指容忍较小的事情，具有宽容、默认、将就某人某事的意思。Weshouldlearntotolerateoneanother.我们应该学会互相容忍。Iwon'tputupwithhim.我不会容忍他的。KEYPHRASES1．diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.(教材P25)偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。godiving去潜水makeadiveforsth.冲过去拿(某物)takeadiveinto(thesubject)埋头(该问题)中【提示】diveinto作“潜心于……”讲时和devoteoneselftosth.的意思一样，但devoteoneselftosth.还有“投身于……，把自己奉献给……”的意思。2．setout(todo)开始(做)Bellneversetouttoinventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph.(P25)贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。Ontheirarrival，theysetouttoreadtheEnglishbookstheybroughtwiththemselves.他们一到达那里，就开始读他们随身携带的英语书。setoff/setout/setabout/setoutforsetoff“出发”，侧重于去某个地方。setout“出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有“规划，展现”的意思，后加不定式。setabout“开始，着手”，与setout意思相近，后加v.ing形式。setoutfor出发到某地去。(＝setofffor；leavefor)Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain，we'dbettersetoff/outforthestationimmediately.如果你想赶上那班火车，我们最好现在马上出发去火车站。4．associatevi.联想；联系Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.(教材P26)虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。Don'tassociatewithdishonestboys.不要和不诚实的孩子结交。①associatesb./sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……beassociatedwith...和……有关associatewithsb.与某人交往或常打交道associateoneselfwithsth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物②associationn．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体inassociationwith...与……合伙/合作Haveyoujoinedtheteacher'sassociation你加入教师协会了吗Theyaregoingtoconstructtheairportinassociationwithanotherfirm.他们打算与另一家公司联合修建机场。5．hangon不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持Hangon，please.请稍等。(P26)HangonaminutewhileIgetapencilandapieceofpaper.电话别挂断，等我拿纸笔来。Iknowyou'retired，buttrytohangonabitlonger.我知道你累了，但再坚持一会吧。Holdtheline，please./Justaminute，please./Holdon.不挂电话。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hangup挂断电话,hanguponsb.突然挂断某人的电话,hangabout逗留，闲荡，慢悠悠,hangaround等待；逗留，闲荡,hangtogether相符；一致；连贯,))6．outoforder发生故障；次序颠倒；有毛病；状况不佳I'msorry，butthisphoneisoutoforder.(教材P26)ingoodorder秩序井然put/keep...inorder使……井然有序7．getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过Ican'tgetthrough.(教材P26)我打不通电话。getacross被理解；使人了解getdownto认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)getover克服geton/along(with)进展；进步；与……相处getin收获getaround/round到处走动；传播出去8．ringback回电话CanIringbacklater(教材P26)我能一会儿再回电话吗ringoff挂断ringout发出响亮而清晰的声音ring给某人打电话ringround给各处打电话=1\*ROMANI.单项选择题1.If________formostofus,themeetingwillbearrangednextMondayevening.A.reasonable B.comfortableC.convenient D.available2.Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.A.spotB.dismissC.shelterD.distinguish3.Ifwewanttoarriveatthevillageontime,we’dbetter_______A.sweepup B.speedup C.callup D.turnup4.Shehastriedherbest,sopleasedon’tbetoo____aboutherjob.A. practicalB.specialC.responsibleD.particular5.Let’s_____ourpersonalfeelingsfornow,andgettoourbusiness.A.setup B.setoff C.setabout D.setaside6.Jesswassadandherfriendhelpedher________thefirstawfulweeksafterherhusbandBilldied.A.breakthroughB.breakdownC.getthroughD.getridof7.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather________thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.A.addedtoB.resultedfromC.turnedoutD.madeup8.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_______inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered9.Themanager,______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmadeB．havingmadeC．madeD．making10.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse______afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell______careofinthenursery.A.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking11.Whodidtheboss_____hiscarthistimeA.makewashB.maketowashC.makewashingD.makingtowashcan’t_________tobelaughedatthoughsheiseasy-going.A.understandB.bearC.enjoyD.betraymilitarygovernmenthopestocontrolthe_______ofpublicopinionbycontrollingbroadcasting.A.currentB.fashionC.measureD.flowweplanourvacation,Motheroftenoffers_________suggestion.A.carefulB.practicalC.effectiveD.acceptable15.Hisaunt’sletters________thosebeautifuldayswhentheyusedtolivetogetherinhishometown.A.callhimonB.callhimforC.callhimupD.callhimin=3\*ROMANII.阅读理解Someyearsago,writinginmydiaryusedtobeausualactivity.Iwouldreturnfromschoolandspendtheexpectedhalfhourrecordingtheday’sevents,feelings,andimpressionsinmylittlebluediary.Ididnotreallyneedtoexpressmyemotionsbywayofwords,butIgainedacertainsatisfactionfromseeingmyexperiencesforeverrecordedonpaper.Afterall,isn’taccumulatingmemoriesawayofpreservingthepastWhenIwasthirteenyearsold,Iwentonalongjourneyonfootinagreatvalley,well-equippedwithpens,adiary,andacamera.Duringthetrip,Iwasbusyrecordingeveryincident,nameandplaceIcameacross.Ifeltproudtobespendingmytimeproductively,dutifullypreservingforfuturegenerationsadetaileddescriptionofmytravels.Onmylastnightthere,Iwanderedoutofmytent,diaryinhand.Theskywasclearandlitbytheglareofthemoon,andthewallsofthevalleylookedthreateningbehindtheirscreenofshadows.Iautomaticallytookoutmypen…Atthatpoint,IunderstoodthatnothingIwrotecouldevermatchorreplacethefewsecondsIallowedmyselftoexperiencethedramaticbeautyofthevalley.AllIrememberedofthepreviousfewdayswerethedullcharacterizationsIhadsetdowninmydiary.Now,IonlywriteinmydiarywhenIneedtowritedownaspecialthoughtorfeeling.Istilllovetorecordideasandquotationsthatstrikemeinbooks,orobservationsthatareparticularlyme