小学语法-形容词和副词

小学语法---形容词和副词小学语法---形容词和副词小学语法---形容词和副词资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月小学语法---形容词和副词版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：知识要点：形容词、副词的概念形容词：我们把用来修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。形容词主要描述人或者事物的性质、特征和状态。副词：说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、等含义的词，我们称之为副词。多用来修饰动词或整个句子。形容词、副词的用法1.形容词一般在句中作定语，放在名词或代词前面，都含有“……的”意思。如：anicewatch一只漂亮的手表anemptybox一个空箱子acleverboy一个聪明的男孩abeautifulgirl一个美丽的女孩deliciousfood可口的食物aninterestingbook一本有趣的书abluecar一辆蓝色的小汽车anexcitingspeech一次令人兴奋的演讲注意：形容词在修饰someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,nobody,nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后。如：somethingimportant(重要的事情)nothinginteresting(没有什么有趣的)2.形容词作表语（有些形容词只能作表语，放在系动词之后）Theseflowersareblue.这些花是蓝色的。Boblookssmarttoday.今天鲍勃看上去很精神。有些形容词只能作表语，放在系动词之后,如：asleep/alike/ill等Theboyisasleep.LucyandLilylookalike.Hermotherisill.3.形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后(常用动词有make/paint/keep/find/want/like等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Doyoulikeyourteaweakorstrong?Theboywasbeatenblackandblue.4.形容词与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、距离”的词连用时，常放在后面。Tomis1.7meterstall.Myfatheris30yearsold.Theschoolis100metersaway.5.副词多用来修饰动词，可以放在句子的前面、中间、或最后。1时间soon/now/only/finally/onceearly/late/before/after…5频度always/often/never/seldom2地点here/nearby/outside/above6疑问how/where/when/why3方式Badly/quietly/fast/slowly7连接how/when/where/why/whether4程度nearly/very/quite/rather8关系when/where/whyTheylivehappily.(happily快乐地，幸福地，修饰动词live)Theyarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(carefully认真地，修饰动词listen)Don’tspeakloudlyinclass.(loudly大声地，修饰动词speak)注意：联系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词作表语。联系动词有feel/smell/get/become/turn/sound/look等）Herfacebecamepale.他的脸色变得苍白。Thefishsmellsterrible.这条鱼难闻极了。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这食物尝起来很可口。Thisclothfeelssoft.这批布让人感觉很柔软。6.部分形容词加-ly可以变成副词。如：形容词副词quick+lyquicklyslow+lyslowlyquiet+lyquietlyhappy+lyhappilycareful+lycarefully注意：并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词+ly可变成形容词。如：名词形容词friend+lyfriendly朋友般的love+lylovely可爱的sister+lysisterly姐妹般的brother+lybrotherly兄弟般的father+lyfatherly父亲般的mother+lymotherly母亲般的有些名词+y可以变成形容词。如：名词形容词rain+yrainy下雨的snow+ysnowy下雪的cloud+ycloudy阴天的salt+ysalty咸的sand+ysandy有沙的fog+yfoggy雾的wind+ywindy有风的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则大多数形容词、副词都有等级的变化，表示“比……更……”或“最……”。形容词用来表示物的等级差别一般有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。如：tall------taller------tallest;little------less-------least;fast-----faster------fastest一般情况下，直接在原词后加-er，或加-est如：quick------quicker-------quickestslow------slower------slowestclever------cleverer------cleveresthigh------higher------highestlow------lower------lowestfast------faster------fastest2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原词后加-r，最高级在原词后加-st如：nice------nicer------nicestlarge------larger------largestwhite------whiter------whitestsafe------safer------safest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，变y为i,再加-er或-est.如：heavy------heavier------heaviesteasy------easier------easiestearly------earlier------ealiesthappy------happier------happiest4.重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-est如：fat------fatter------fattestred------redder------reddestthin------thinner------thinnestwet------wetter------wettestbig------bigger------biggesthot------hotter------hottest5.部分双音节或多音节词要在原词前面加more或most.如：beautiful------morebeautiful------mostbeautifuluseful------moreuseful------mostusefuldelicious------moredelicious------mostdeliciousdefferent------moredifferent------mostdifferentdifficult------moredifficult------mostdifficultcarefully------morecarefully------mostcarefully不规则变化：good/well------better------bestbad------worse------worstmany/much------more------mostlittle------less------leastfar------farther------farthest(指距离的远近)far------further------furthest（表示程度上更进步)old------older------oldest(表示年纪大)old------elder------eldest(表示长幼关系)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法形容词、副词的比较级经常用于两个同类的人或事物的比较，比较对象用than来连接。基本结构是：“主语+谓语（系动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+对比成分Yourjacketislongerthanmine.Sheisclevererthantheothergirlsintheclass.Theroomissmallerthantheearth.Theboxisheavierthanthatone.Thisstoryismoreinterestingthanthatone.TheweatherinourhometowniswarmerthanthatinBeijing.注意：much/rather/far/abit/alittle/even这些词常用来修饰比较级。如HeismuchtallerthanPeter.LilyisalittlethinnerthanLucy.Mymotherisfarnicerthanmyaunt.2.形容词或副词的最高级用于三者三者以上的人或物的比较，表示人或事物在某个范围内“最……”形容词最高级前要用the，副词最高级前面的the可以省去。如：Heruns(the)fastestinhisclass.他在班上跑的最快。YaoMingisthetallestinChinesebasketballteam.姚明在中国篮球队里最高。注意：as……as表示同级比较，两个as中间用原级LilyisastallasLucy.LessonOneisasinterestingasLessonTwo.第二课和第一课一样有趣。notas/so……as表示否定，表示前者不如后者（so…as不能用于肯定）MikeisnotascleverasTom.麦克不如汤姆聪明。Heisnotsotallashissister.他没有姐姐长得高。注意：1.“oneofthe+最高级+名词（复数）”整个短语为单数形式，谓语动词要用单数。如：OneoftheclevereststudentsinChinawillvisitourschool.2.“比较级+and+比较级”“表示越来越…”如：Heworksharderandharder.3.more+形容词、副词表示前者比后者更……less+形容词、副词表示前者不如后者……4.the+比较级+…；the+比较级+…表示越…就越…如：Theearlieryoucome,themoreyouget.来得越早，收获越多。5.“which/who+动词+比较级/最高级+…”句型中，如果后面有两个选项，则用比较级；若有三个选项，则用最高级。如：Whostudiesharder,TomorPat?Whostudiesthebest,Ann,TomorPeter?

Practice:写出下列形容词的反义词1.fat________2.small__________3.light________4.long________5.young________6.good_________7.weak________8.cold_________9.sad__________10.near______11.fast_________12.up_________13.late________14new_________15.warm______16.high_________17.same________18.black__________19.expensive___________二．按要求写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1.good________________2.thin___________________3.heavy_______________4.happy_______________5.bad___________________6.little_________________7.far_________________8.careful_________________9.slow________________10.well_______________11.low__________________12.hot_________________三．根据句意，用所给形容词或副词的正确形式填空1.Winteris________(cold)seasonoftheyear.2.Jimworks________(hard),buthisbrotherworks________(hard)thanhim.3.Thisradioisnotso_______(cheap)asthatone.4.It’smuch________(hot)todaythanyesterday.5.Pleaselistentome________(careful).6.Ilikegettingup________(early).7.MrSmithisthe__________(rich)maninthisoffice.8.Thingsaregetting_______(bad)and______(bad).9.Itsmells________(terrible).10.Thehigheryouclimb,the_______(cold)itwillbe.11.Thismatchis________(exciting)ofthethree.12.Mymotheristhe_______(busy)inmyfamily.13.Beijingisoneofthe_________(beautiful)cityinChina.14.Thisbookis________(interesting)thanthatbook.15.LiPing’shomeis_________(far)fromtheschoolinourclass.16.Whichgoes________(quick),thebusorthecar?17.Icanswimas________(fast)asthefish,Ithink.18.Look!Hishandsare____________(big)thanmine.19.Ithinkyoudothesethings_________(well)thanyourclassmates.20.Whosebagis___________(heavy),yoursormine?

21.DoesJimrunas__________(slow)asDavid

Yes,butMikeruns_________(slow)thanthem.

22.Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_________(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.23.Ijump___________(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.24.I’mvery____________(thin),butshe’s___________(thin)thanme.25.Itgets_________and_________(warm)whenspringcomeshere.26.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.27.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she).28.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.四．单项选择题1.Whichsubjectdoyoulike_______,mathsorEnglish?

A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best2.Thisredroseis_______ofallflowers.A.beautifulerB.muchmorebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.beautiful3.Mybookisnewerthan________.A.heB.hisC.ourD.we4.Heis________studentinhisclass.A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best5.Look!Thebee________thanthebird.A.flyhigherB.isflyinghigherC.ashighasD.flieshigher6.Hishensare________andfat.A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest7.Sheknows________abouthistorythanmostpeople.A.moreB.muchC.mostD.many8.Itwasreallyan________story.A.afraidB.excitedC.excitingD.worried9.Whichcityis__________fromhere,BeijingorShanghai

A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.thefarthest10.Thisbuildingis__________thattree.A.sotallasB.astallasC.sotallasD.astalleras五．翻译句子：1.谁比Jim年纪大？是你。

________is_________thanJim

________are.2.谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.

_________________thanDavid

GaoShan________.

3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。

_________pencilis_________,______or________

________is,Ithink.4.谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的

我的弟弟的。

_________apples________________,your_______oryour_______

My_______________________.5.你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。

_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6.他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as__________as________________Jim.7.她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。

________________as_________as______twin_______

No,__________________thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____Tom__________thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做运动，你会更强壮。________moreexercise,you’ll_________________soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite