ChemicalFactorsatWorkplacesOICVET：在工作场所oicvet化学因素课件

CHEMICALSINTHEWORKPLACEEsraYILMAZEnvironmentalEngineerCHEMICALSINTHEWORKPLACEEsra12ContentGeneralinformationaboutchemicalsRoutesofentryintothebody/healtheffectsCommonchemicalgroupsthatcausehealthrisksFactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyou.2ContentGeneralinformationa23CHAPTERI:Generalinformationaboutchemicals3CHAPTERI:34ChemicalsChemicalsareapartofeveryone'slife.Therearefivetosevenmilliondifferentchemicalsknownintheworld.Atleastfourhundredmilliontonnesofchemicalsareproducedworldwideeachyear(includingagriculturalchemicals,foodadditives,fuelsforpowerproduction,chemicalconsumerproducts,etc.)4ChemicalsChemicalsareapart45Typesofchemicalsfoundintheworkplace

Themainphysicalformsofchemicalsaresolids,dusts,liquids,vapoursandgases.5Typesofchemicalsfoundint56Solids

Solidsaretheleastlikelyofthechemicalformstocausechemicalpoisoning.

6SolidsSolidsaretheleas6

Dustsaretinyparticlesofsolids.

Dusts

Dustsaretinyparticle78LiquidsManyhazardoussubstances,suchasacidsandsolvents,areliquidswhentheyareatnormaltemperature.8LiquidsManyhazardoussubs89

Vapours

Avapouristhegasphaseofamaterialwhichisnormallyliquidunderstandardconditions.9VapoursAvapouristhe910

Gases

Somechemicalsubstancesareintheformofagaswhentheyareatanormaltemperature.However,somechemicalsinliquidorsolidformbecomegaseswhentheyareheated.

10GasesSomechemicalsub1011ClassificationAccordingtoBiologicalEffectsAsphyxiantgases

IrritantgasesChlorine,phosgene,nitrogencompoundsSystematicgasesalcohols

andcarbontetrachloride

NarcoticgasesToluene,benzeneSimpleasphyxiants(CO2,methane,ethane,buthane,nitrogengases)Chemicalasphyxiants(CO,hydrogensulphide

)Gases

11AsphyxiantgasesIrritantga1112CHAPTERII:Routesofentryintothebody/healtheffects12CHAPTERII:1213ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODYIngestionInhalation

Contactwithskinoreyes(absorption)13ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD1314ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-1InhalationMorehazardousagentsgetintoyourbodybyinhalation

(bybeingbreathedin)thanbyanyotherroute.

14ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD1415Howdoyouknowwhetheryouarebeingexposedtorespiratoryhazardsatwork?

smell

sneezing

coughing

arunnynose

Warningsignalsare:15Howdoyouknowwhetheryou1516ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-2IngestionHazardousagentscanalsogetintothebodybyingestion.

16ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD1617ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-3AbsorptionSomechemicals(suchasstrongacidsandalkalis)candamageyourskin.Thisconditioniscalleddermatitis.

17ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD1718Contactdermatitis

Anothercommonoccupationalskindiseaseiscontactdermatitis—atypeofallergicreaction.18Contactdermatitis Anotherc1819Someofthechemicalsthatcausecontactdermatitisare:

formaldehyde;nickelcompounds;epoxyresinsandcatalystsusedintheplasticsindustry;germicidalagentsusedinsoapandothercleanerschromates.

19Someofthechemicalsthatc1920CHAPTERIII:Commonchemicalgroupsthatcausehealthrisks20CHAPTERIII:2021GasesSulphuroxides,

Nitrogenoxides,

Chlorine,AmmoniaSometoxicgasesarecorrosiveandirritatingtotherespiratorysystem.HydrogencyanideSomegasescanpassthroughtheskinCarbonmonoxideSomegasesmayenterthebloodcirculation.21GasesSulphuroxides,Someto2122SolventsMostindustrialsolventsareliquidorganicchemicalsManyofthemevaporaterapidlyatambienttemperaturesTheyareoftenflammableandmayignitebyheatfromsmoking,weldingorstaticelectricity.Exampleofverydangeroussolvents:Benzene,carbontetracloride,carbondisulphide.22SolventsMostindustrialsol2223MetalsMetalscanenterthebodyintheformofdustandfumes(ingrindingorwelding)oreventhroughtheskin.

23MetalsMetalscanentert2324Acidsandbases

Strongacidsandbasesaremostlyusedaswatersolutions.Theyarecorrosivetohumantissue.24Acidsandbases Strongacid2425Pesticides

Pesticidesareusedinindustry,forexample,toimpregnatewood,andinagriculturetocontrolinsects,weed,fungi,andrats.

25PesticidesPesticidesare2526Differentorgansandtissuesthatcanbeaffectedbycertaintoxicindustrialchemicals.

26Differentorgansandtissues2627CHAPTERIV:Factorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyou.27CHAPTERIV:2728therouteofentrybywhichthechemicalgetsintothebodytheworker'sindividualresponsetothechemical,whichcanvaryagreatdealfrompersontopersonthefrequency,concentration,andlengthofexposurethephysicalformofthechemical(dust,vapour,liquid,etc.)

thechemicalcompositionofthehazardoussubstance

theparticulartissuesandorgansinwhichthechemicalcollectsorlocalizesfactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyoufactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffect

achemicalcanhaveonyou

28therouteofentrytheworke2829Chemical

Physicalform

Methodof

entry

Organ(s)that

canbe

affected

Classof

effectExamplesof

CadmiummetalandsomeofitscompoundsDusts,vapoursDusts

InhalationIngestionLungs,throat,

kidneysPoisonous,causingdamagetolungs,kidneysonchronicexposure.

Metalindustries,weldingprocesses,heavychemicalsBenzeneVapourInhalation

Absorption

throughskin

Brain,bone,marrow,skin

Poisonous.

Possibly

carcinogenic

Manyindustrialactivities,especiallychemicalindustry,adhesives,

paints,etc.

Nickeland

someofits

compoundsDusts

VapourAbsorption

throughskinInhalationSkinLungs,

nasal

passagesDermatitic

Irritantin

lungs

(nickelcarbonyl).

Carcinogenic

onchronicexposureMetallurgicalindustries,heavychemicals,laboratoryworkers29ChemicalPhysicalformMetho2930SummaryChemicalsareapartofeveryone'slife.Themainphysicalformsofchemicalsaresolids,dusts,liquids,vapoursandgases.Routesofentryintothebody:inhalation,ingestion,absorptionTherearealotoffactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyouBeawaredifferentchemicalmaterialsinyourworkplaceandyoucanexposuretothem.30SummaryChemicalsareapart3031THANKYOU!!!31THANKYOU!!!31谢谢你的阅读知识就是财富丰富你的人生谢谢你的阅读知识就是财富32ChemicalFactorsatWorkplacesOICVET：在工作场所oicvet化学因素课件33CHEMICALSINTHEWORKPLACEEsraYILMAZEnvironmentalEngineerCHEMICALSINTHEWORKPLACEEsra3435ContentGeneralinformationaboutchemicalsRoutesofentryintothebody/healtheffectsCommonchemicalgroupsthatcausehealthrisksFactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyou.2ContentGeneralinformationa3536CHAPTERI:Generalinformationaboutchemicals3CHAPTERI:3637ChemicalsChemicalsareapartofeveryone'slife.Therearefivetosevenmilliondifferentchemicalsknownintheworld.Atleastfourhundredmilliontonnesofchemicalsareproducedworldwideeachyear(includingagriculturalchemicals,foodadditives,fuelsforpowerproduction,chemicalconsumerproducts,etc.)4ChemicalsChemicalsareapart3738Typesofchemicalsfoundintheworkplace

Themainphysicalformsofchemicalsaresolids,dusts,liquids,vapoursandgases.5Typesofchemicalsfoundint3839Solids

Solidsaretheleastlikelyofthechemicalformstocausechemicalpoisoning.

6SolidsSolidsaretheleas39

Dustsaretinyparticlesofsolids.

Dusts

Dustsaretinyparticle4041LiquidsManyhazardoussubstances,suchasacidsandsolvents,areliquidswhentheyareatnormaltemperature.8LiquidsManyhazardoussubs4142

Vapours

Avapouristhegasphaseofamaterialwhichisnormallyliquidunderstandardconditions.9VapoursAvapouristhe4243

Gases

Somechemicalsubstancesareintheformofagaswhentheyareatanormaltemperature.However,somechemicalsinliquidorsolidformbecomegaseswhentheyareheated.

10GasesSomechemicalsub4344ClassificationAccordingtoBiologicalEffectsAsphyxiantgases

IrritantgasesChlorine,phosgene,nitrogencompoundsSystematicgasesalcohols

andcarbontetrachloride

NarcoticgasesToluene,benzeneSimpleasphyxiants(CO2,methane,ethane,buthane,nitrogengases)Chemicalasphyxiants(CO,hydrogensulphide

)Gases

11AsphyxiantgasesIrritantga4445CHAPTERII:Routesofentryintothebody/healtheffects12CHAPTERII:4546ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODYIngestionInhalation

Contactwithskinoreyes(absorption)13ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD4647ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-1InhalationMorehazardousagentsgetintoyourbodybyinhalation

(bybeingbreathedin)thanbyanyotherroute.

14ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD4748Howdoyouknowwhetheryouarebeingexposedtorespiratoryhazardsatwork?

smell

sneezing

coughing

arunnynose

Warningsignalsare:15Howdoyouknowwhetheryou4849ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-2IngestionHazardousagentscanalsogetintothebodybyingestion.

16ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD4950ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBODY-3AbsorptionSomechemicals(suchasstrongacidsandalkalis)candamageyourskin.Thisconditioniscalleddermatitis.

17ROUTESofENTRYINTOTHEBOD5051Contactdermatitis

Anothercommonoccupationalskindiseaseiscontactdermatitis—atypeofallergicreaction.18Contactdermatitis Anotherc5152Someofthechemicalsthatcausecontactdermatitisare:

formaldehyde;nickelcompounds;epoxyresinsandcatalystsusedintheplasticsindustry;germicidalagentsusedinsoapandothercleanerschromates.

19Someofthechemicalsthatc5253CHAPTERIII:Commonchemicalgroupsthatcausehealthrisks20CHAPTERIII:5354GasesSulphuroxides,

Nitrogenoxides,

Chlorine,AmmoniaSometoxicgasesarecorrosiveandirritatingtotherespiratorysystem.HydrogencyanideSomegasescanpassthroughtheskinCarbonmonoxideSomegasesmayenterthebloodcirculation.21GasesSulphuroxides,Someto5455SolventsMostindustrialsolventsareliquidorganicchemicalsManyofthemevaporaterapidlyatambienttemperaturesTheyareoftenflammableandmayignitebyheatfromsmoking,weldingorstaticelectricity.Exampleofverydangeroussolvents:Benzene,carbontetracloride,carbondisulphide.22SolventsMostindustrialsol5556MetalsMetalscanenterthebodyintheformofdustandfumes(ingrindingorwelding)oreventhroughtheskin.

23MetalsMetalscanentert5657Acidsandbases

Strongacidsandbasesaremostlyusedaswatersolutions.Theyarecorrosivetohumantissue.24Acidsandbases Strongacid5758Pesticides

Pesticidesareusedinindustry,forexample,toimpregnatewood,andinagriculturetocontrolinsects,weed,fungi,andrats.

25PesticidesPesticidesare5859Differentorgansandtissuesthatcanbeaffectedbycertaintoxicindustrialchemicals.

26Differentorgansandtissues5960CHAPTERIV:Factorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyou.27CHAPTERIV:6061therouteofentrybywhichthechemicalgetsintothebodytheworker'sindividualresponsetothechemical,whichcanvaryagreatdealfrompersontopersonthefrequency,concentration,andlengthofexposurethephysicalformofthechemical(dust,vapour,liquid,etc.)

thechemicalcompositionofthehazardoussubstance

theparticulartissuesandorgansinwhichthechemicalcollectsorlocalizesfactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffectachemicalcanhaveonyoufactorsthatdeterminethetypeoftoxiceffect

achemicalcanhaveonyou

28therouteofentrytheworke6162Chemical

Physicalfo