2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷GrammarandVocabulary1．(15分)ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch,I(1)(learn)thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．Why?Becauselifeistobeenjoyed.There'snopoint(2)(abandon)TOC\o"1-5"\h\zsomethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter,andquickly.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully,(3)(quit)smoking,andmanagestressbetter,theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter,soquickly.Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Whenyouexerciseandeatright,yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen,soyoubecomesmarter,havemoreenergy,andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons(神经细胞)(4)(grow)thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflowsoyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless.Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive.Incontrast,anunhealthydiet,lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface(5)youagemorequickly.Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower,(6)decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely.Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare.Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(7)wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(8)(give)aquestionnaire,thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres(染色体端粒)comparedwith(9)whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed(10)raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．(15分)A.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.spectacularE.featuresF.luxuriouslyG.capturedH.approachesI.inhabitedJ.mattersK.ranksWelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain.Overaperiodofnearlyl,OOOyearsithasbeen(1)continuously,andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs(君主)oneaftertheother.Someweregreatbuilders,strengtheningtheCastleagainst(2)andrebellion；others,livinginmorepeacefultimes,createdagrandRoyalresidence.WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite,highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground.Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern(3)tothecapital.Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe(4)castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s.TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome,wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend,andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties.WindsorCastleis(5)usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents.EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster(March-April).TheCastleishuge,sopeopletendtoheadforthemost(6)bits---theStateApartments,St.George'sChapel,theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse.Worksofart,antiquefurniture,curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations.TheStateApartmentsare(7)decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions.ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt.George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII.It(8)amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery(9)theexhibition"TheQueen:60Photographsfor60Years"．TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen(10)inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．ReadingComprehension3．(30分)"NatureandNurture"TOC\o"1-5"\h\zPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris(1).Socialscientistsareofcourse(2)interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo(3)schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween(4)ofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(争论)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture".Thosewho(5)the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare(6)determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris(7)tothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour(8).Supportersofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,(9),claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist，B.F.Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely(10)bytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat，likemachines,humansrespondto(11)stimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare(12).IntheUS,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests．Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,(13),saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame(14)thatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact，itisquite(15)thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.(1)A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressive(2)A.moderatelyB.extremelyC.reluctantlyD.scarcely(3)A.distinctB.reliableC.relevantD.equal(4)A.objectorsB.operatorsC.opponentsD.advocates(5)A.claimB.supportC.resolveD.inherit(6)A.completelyB.largelyC.thoroughlyD.merely(7)A.sensitiveB.openC.centralD.subject(8)A.abilitiesB.capacitiesC.personalitiesD.instincts(9)A.expertsB.scientistsC.environmentalistsD.behaviorists(10A.shapedB.dominatedC.oppressedD.restricted(11A.environmentalB.biologicalC.geneticD.psychological(12A.temporaryB.slightC.fatalD.far-reaching(13A.onthecontraryB.asawholeC.afterallD.forinstance(14A.habitsB.responsesC.characteristicsD.advantages(15A.necessaryB.impossibleC.unreasonableD.likely4(8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatRobertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet.Idothreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit.Mondayisthemostoccupieddayforme--Iworkfroml0pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights,earningjustover£lOOanight,andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday.BythetimeIfinishlectures，at2pm，I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetoforcemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhelps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisveryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manactivepersonandtheamountIliftatworkisnothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavethestrengthtobearit．I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIneeded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoolthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars,IgotsomeofthebestA-levelgradesinmyclass.Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatuswhenveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyapplication.ThatmeantIwasn'teligibleforastudentloan.TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversitywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayforallmylivingcostsandmyparents,whoworkinmarketresearch,paidformytuitionfees．InScotland,that'sabout£7,OOOayear.Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob.Ideally,IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycourse.Yes,Ihavealotonmyplate,butworkinghardisn'tnewtome.Growingup,myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultivatedinmetheimportanceofworkinghardforwhatIwantinlife.MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherapynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS.Butrightnow,I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan.WheneverIfindlifehard,Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture.Idon'tneedmuch,butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime.ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothemost.Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeeveryweek?Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts.Topayforhistuitionfees.Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney.Topayforhisownlivingexpenses.(2)Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby.A．responsibleB．qualifiedC．feasibleD．anxious（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheauthor?A．Sociable．B．Diligent．C．Ambitious．D．Persistent．（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage?A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zShouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper?Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob?Ourcoursesbringyouastep-by-steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandteachyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：•WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback-endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildapplicationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow-how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback-enddevelopersisthatfront-enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawebsite，whileback-enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingthatmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell-roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingforjobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconceptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpathforyou．•DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowingBecauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejoboutlookforwebdevelopersisestimatedtogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Withanimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake$87,661onaverage.•GetStartedTodayWiththehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullstackwebdeveloper.Youcanstartfromanylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtrackyourprogressasyougo.•Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCoursesBuildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront-endandback-endstacksLearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScriptDevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront-endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordovaDesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdatabaseintegration.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispassage?Arts.Science-technology.Courses.Business.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Frontandback-enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicationsanddatabases.Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionofbeingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills.Thejobprospectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun.D.Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdeveloperunlessyouhavesomeexperiencebeforehand．（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdeveloper．C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafullstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerguide．6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattractedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandtheHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedin1946．Morepeopleshould．The120workshaveattheircore20self-portraits,halfthenumbershepaintedinall.Thefirst,datedl880,isofawide-eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything.Thelastisasightingoftheartist'sghost-to-be.Prematurelygifted,SchjerfbeckwasllwhensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdrawingschool."TheWoundedWarriorintheSnow",ahistorypainting,wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrantwhenshewasl7.SchjerfbeckstudiedinParis,wentontoPont-Aven,Brittany,whereshepaintedforayear,thentoTuscany,CornwallandStPetersburg.Duringherl887visittoStIves,Cornwall,Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent".Achildwrappedinablanketsitssupportedupinalargewicker（柳条编制的）chair,toyingwithasprig（小枝条）.Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthel889ParisWorldFairandwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSociety.Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished,sadexpressiononthechild'sface,whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperiences.Atfour,shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered.Inl890,SchjerfbecksettledinFinland.Teachingexhaustedher,shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters,andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermother."IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoliveanisolatedlife",shewrote,"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway."Inl902,Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．IsolationhadonedesiredeffectforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbecameamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbutaboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitsofhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．TOC\o"1-5"\h\z"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedepthsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious--thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious--herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecaus.A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworldB．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworldC．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseenthemD．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghostsWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherchildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasaresultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvalescent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．(3)Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof.A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjobB．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyleC．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpaintersD．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalifestyle．(4)WecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacteristicsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsisA．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeopleB．hercaptureofthecharacters'soulC．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharactersD．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements7．(8分)AneffectivewaythatlhavefoundtodeepenmyownpatienceistocreateactualpracticeperiodsYouaremoreeasilyannoyedandbotheredItisgenerallybelievedthatthequalityofbeingpatientisverydifficulttodevelopBecomingmorepatientinvolvesopeningyourhearttothepresentmoment,evenifyoudon'tlikeit.E.Withoutpatience,youwillseethesamesceneasanemergencycompletewithyelling,frustration,hurtfeelings.F.Ifyoulackpatience,youaredestinedtofailinwhatyouarepursuing.ThequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreatingamorepeacefulandlovingselfThemorepatientyouare,themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis,ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeittobeWithoutpatience,lifeisextremelyfrustrating(1)PatienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlifeIt'simportantforinnerpeace(2)Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam,lateforanappointment,beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamentalsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggetsoutofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelaxItmightalsobeagoodtimetobreatheaswellasanopportunitytoremindyourselfthat,inthebiggerschemeofthings,beinglateis"smallstuff"Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithdeliberatepractice(3)TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticetheartofpatienceLifeitselfbecomesaclassroom,andthecurriculumispatienceYoucanstartwithaslittleasfiveminutesandbuildupyourcapacityforpatienceovertimeWhatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazingYourintentiontobepatient,especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile,immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatiencePatienceisoneofthosequalitieswheresuccessfeedsonitself.Onceyoureachlittlemilestone-fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience-you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepatient，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillseeevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedealtwith.（4）.SummaryWriting8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere--onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthroughtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursandvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments．Theoneplacewheretheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insectscansurviveonawiderangeofnaturalandartificialfoods--paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces．Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguise（d伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator，bitter-tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆.（remind）（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人.（mind）（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着.（So）12（.5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已（.before）GuidedWriting13.(25分)Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么.你的文章必须包括：•描述你印象深刻的一个场景；•说明你对此印象深刻的理由.2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析II.GrammarandVocabulary(15分)ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoungTOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifestyle？It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink.Inthepast30yearsofconductingclinicalresearch，I(1)havelearned(learn)thatrealkeysarepleasure,joyandfreedom.Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot.Why?Becauselifeistobeenjoyed.There'snopoint(2)abandoning(abandon)somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbetter，andquickly.Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully,(3)quit(quit)smoking,andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly.Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechangesfromfearofdyingtojoyofliving.Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep.Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreehoursperweekforonlythreemonthscausedsomanyneurons(神经细胞)(4)togrow(grow)thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains!Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflowsoyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmoreattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet,lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourface(5)soyouagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinecontributestoyourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower,(6)whichdecreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinkleprematurely．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearsolderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'awarenessofstresswasmoreimportantthan(7)whatwasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives.(8)Given/Havingbeengiven(give)aquestionnaire,thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree-pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday.Thewomenwhorealizedtheywereunderheavystresshadsignificantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres(染色体端粒)comparedwith(9)thosewhofeltmorerelaxed.Contrarily,someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed(10)withoutraisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal-appearingtelomeres.Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed.【考点】N6：语法填空.【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻.【解答】1.havelearned.考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years,可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned.abandoning.考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning.quit.考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit.togrow.考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故填togrow.so.考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so.which.考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which.what.考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what.Given/Havingbeengiven.考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．those.考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those.without.考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising,可知填without.【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定.2.（15分）A.uprisingB.originalC.frequentlyD.spectacularE.featuresF.luxuriouslyG.capturedH.approachesI.inhabitedJ.mattersK.ranksWelcometoWindsorCastleWindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQueenofBritain.Overaperiodofnearlyl，OOOyearsithasbeen(1)Icontinuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs(君主)oneaftertheother.Someweregreatbuilders,strengtheningtheCastleagainst(2)Aandrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence.WilliamtheConquerorchosethesite，TOC\o"1-5"\h\zhighabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntingground.Itwasaday'smarchfromtheTowerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern(3)Htothecapital.Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesamepositionasthoseofthe(4)BcastlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1O7Os.TheQueenusestheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformalduties.WindsorCastleis(5)_CusedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsandpresidents.EveryyeartheQueentakesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEaster(March-April).TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost(6)Dbits---theStateApartments，St.George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse.Worksofart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesofmanydifferentroyalgenerations.TheStateApartmentsare(7)^^^decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfunctions.ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedin1475byEdwardIVandwascompleted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII.It(8)KamongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheUK．TheDrawingsGallery(9)Etheexhibition"TheQueen:60Photographsfor60Years".TheexhibitionpresentsportraitsoftheQueen(10)Ginbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamilygatherings．【考点】N8：选词填空.【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．【解答】IAHBCDFKEGI.句意理解题.根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰•故选I.A.句意理解题.根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱.故选A.H.句意理解题.根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道.故选H.B.句意理解题.根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同.故选B.C.句意理解题.根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．D.句意理解题.根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方--国家公寓．故选D．F.句意理解题.根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．K.句意理解题.根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一.故选K.E.句意理解题.根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片".故选E．G.句意理解题.根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片.故选G.【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．ReadingComprehension3．（30分）"NatureandNurture"Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris(1)C.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSocialscientistsareofcourse(2)Binterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviour.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo(3)Aschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween(4)Dofeachtheory.Thecontroversy(争论)isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture".Thosewho(5)Bthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviourpatternsare(6)Bdeterminedbybiologicalfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris(7)Ctothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyour(8)D.Supportersofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,(9)D,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist，B.F.Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely(10)Abytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat，likemachines,humansrespondto(11)Astimuli(刺激)asthebasisoftheirbehaviour.Sociallyandpolitically,theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare(12)D.IntheUS,forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome"nature"supporterstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthanwhitesare.Behaviorists,(13)A,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame(14)Bthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour.Asamatteroffact，itisquite(15)Dthatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremesandthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.1)A.sensitiveB.productiveC.competitiveD.aggressive2)A.moderatelyB.extremelyC.reluctantlyD.scarcely3)A.distinctB.reliableC.relevantD.equal4)A.objectorsB.operatorsC.opponentsD.advocates5)A.claimB.supportC.resolveD.inherit6)A.completelyB.largelyC.thoroughlyD.merely7)A.sensitiveB.openC.centralD.subject8)A.abilitiesB.capacitiesC.personalitiesD.instincts9)A.expertsB.scientistsC.environmentalistsD.behaviorists10)A.shapedB.dominatedC.oppressedD.restricted11)A.environmentalB.biologicalC.geneticD.psychological12)A.temporaryB.slightC.fatalD.far-reaching13)A.onthecontraryB.asawholeC.afterallD.forinstance14)A.habitsB.responsesC.characteristicsD.advantages15)A.necessaryB.impossibleC.unreasonableD.likely【考点】M2：社会文化.【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争.本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明.【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABDC.形容词词意辨析题.A.sensitive敏感B.productive生产C.competitive竞争D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争.故选C.B.副词词意辨析题.A.moderately适度地B.extremely非常C.reluctantly不情愿地D.scarcely几乎不.社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣.故选B.A.形容词词意辨析题.A.distinct明显的B.reliable可靠的C.relevant相关的D.equal平等的.目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派.故选A.D.名词词意辨析题.A.objectors反对者B.operators经营者C.opponents对手D.advocates主张.正如人们可能预期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论.故选D.B.动词词意辨析题.A.claim要求B.support支持C.resolve决定D.inherit继承.那些支持”自然”的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的.故选B.B.副词词意辨析题.A.completely完全地B.largely主要地C.thoroughly彻底地D.merely仅仅.人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的.故选B.C.形容词词意辨析题.A.sensitive敏感的B.open打开C.central中心的D.subject主题.我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心.故选C.D.名词词意辨析题.A.abilities能力