二轮复习 (二)冠 词

轮复习（二）冠词冠词的基本用法［全析考法］•单句语法填空（2018•全国卷II）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.解析：the此处特指过去的25年，故用thepast25years。（2017•全国卷II）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofovertop.解析：thetop是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在（地铁的）顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以填定冠词the。（2017•全国卷III）lnstead,sheisearning£6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.解析：a此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词，表示“一，一名”且model的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。（2017・11月浙江高考）lt'snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it'songoingprocess.解析:an此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，因为单词ongoing的读音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。（2017・6月浙江高考）ForPahlsson,itsreturnwaswonder.解析：awonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”此处为泛指，且wonder的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。（2015・全国卷II）Theadobedwellings（土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.解析：the在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。（2015・广东高考）Heownedfarm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.解析：a此处指一个农场，表示泛指，且farm的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。（2014•全国卷I）Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofmostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.解析：the此空后为形容词的最高级形式，故应填定冠词the。•单句改错（2018•全国卷II）Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnotletme.解析：the—akid在此处表泛指，且kid的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。（2017•全国卷I）lstillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.解析：first前加the/my表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用形容词性物主代词my进行修饰。（2017•全国卷II）Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析：第一个a—an/onehour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以用an/onehour表示“一个小时”。（2016・全国卷II）Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.解析：world前加the此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。（2016•四川高考）IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.解析：kitchen前加the此处特指“我们家”的厨房。（2015•全国卷II）Helikeditsomuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.解析：outside后的a—the此处用定冠词特指上文提到的商店。（2014•全国卷II）Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.解析：去掉第一个the此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。［谨记规则］（一）不定冠词表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。Avirusisaverysmalllivingthingthatcausesdisease.表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于acertain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.Inasensewhatyousaidistrue.Allofasudden,sheburstintotears.ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。Suddenlytheyheardaloudvoice.表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。Pricesstartat£13.95ayardforprintedcotton.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一种的人或事”Hesuddenlyappearedonarainynight,whichwasagreatsurprisetous.不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。Liveagood,honorablelife.Thenwhenyougetolderandthinkback,you'llgettoenjoyitasecondtime.（二）定冠词表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明确的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。Takeyourtime—it'sjustashortdistancefromheretotherestaurant.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedQingdao？用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。Theexplosionsawpeoplerushtohelptheinjured.用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。It'ssaidthatcornwasgrownalotinTibetinthe17thcentury.（三）零冠词专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。HeislivinginCanadanow.季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。Weusuallyhavebreakfastat7o'clock.语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。I'minterestedinEnglish.表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus，“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordorCambridge.”系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。Hisbrotherhasturnedwriter.“（零冠词+）单数名词/形容词最高级+as/though（+主语+谓语）”，意为“尽管……但是……”。Heroas/thoughheis,hehassomeshortcomings.冠词的固定搭配［全析考法］I•单句语法填空（2018•全国卷III）Unexpectedly,「mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.解析：theatthetopofone'slungs为固定搭配，意为“尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地”。（2017•全国卷I）Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析：aasaresult为固定搭配，意为“结果”。（2016•全国卷I）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed,otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.解析：theone...theother为固定搭配，意为“一个另一个”。此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用theother。（2016•全国卷II）Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.解析：aforawhile为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。（2014・广东高考）SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomontopfloor.解析：theonthetopfloor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。I.单句改错（2018•全国卷I）Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.解析：countryside前加thegotothecountryside是固定用法，意为“去乡下”。（2016•全国卷III）Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.解析：去掉theatfirst"起初”，为固定短语。（2015•浙江高考）Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.

解析：hurry前加ainahurry“匆匆忙忙”为固定短语。（2014•全国卷I）Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.解析：As后加aasaresult"结果”为固定短语。（2014•辽宁高考［Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.解析：第一个a—ananaverageof...“平均有”为固定短语。［谨记规则］（一）不定冠词用于固定搭配中anaverageof平均forawhile一会儿asaresult因此匕asarule通常asawhole总体上asamatteroffact事实上ataloss不知所措inahurry匆忙inaword总之inasense在某种意义上inaway在某种程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意putanendto结束onceuponatimeinaway在某种程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意putanendto结束onceuponatime从前beonadiet节食have/catchacold感冒have/takearest休息allofasudden突然haveagiftfor有……天赋makealiving谋生givesb.alift让某人搭便车（二）定冠词用于固定搭配中inthemiddleof在中间intheend最后bytheway顺便说一下inthedistance在远处intheway挡道onthewhole总的来说atthesametime同时ontheotherhand另一方面totellthetruth说实话forthetimebeing暂时onthespot在现场onthetopfloor在顶层theotherday前几天taketheplaceof代替atthemoment此刻，目前inthecountryside在乡村makethemost/bestof充分利用one...theother...一个，另一个（三）零冠词用于固定搭配中atpresent目前takepartin参力口inpeace平静bychance/accident碰巧onpurpose故意onsecondthoughts再一想aheadoftime提前inadvance提前bylaw根据法律bymistake错误地underrepair处于维修中loseheart灰心outofcontrol失控outofwork失业indanger处于危险之中atrisk处境危险；遭受危险dayandnight整日整夜frommorningtillnight从早到晚语法填空解题“2定向”根据泛指或特指选择冠词如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the;如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。据第1条解题Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttoseethemoonlight.InChineseculture,eachyearisrelatedtoaChineseanimalaccordingtothe12yearcycle.Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass,butalsohasanexcellentsenseofhumourandagenuineinterestinotherpeople.Likemanyotheruniversitiesatthattime,Harvardattheearlystageoftenranintoafinancialcrisis.Dinosaursdiedoutbecauseofanunexpectedincident.The“Spiderstory"isoftentold.RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsinthe13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.据第2条解题Asamatteroffact,therearetwotrophies奖杯)inhistory.Formostindividuals,asaresultofeatingfoodsrichinfatsandsugarseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutdonotsucceedattheend.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmileforalongtime.ItisalsoaculturalbridgebetweenXishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatsharethesamefestivalcultureofwatersplashing.Iusuallygotomyworkplacecoffeeshoptoplaceanorder,butthisWednesday,itwasslightlydifferent.Atthesametime,greatprogressmadeinscienceandtechnologywasreallyamazing.短文改错解题“4视角”注意单词首字母的音素看到读音以辅(元)音音素开头的名词要想到应用不定冠词a(n)。2•明确特指与泛指如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the,泛指用a/an。掌握可数与不可数看到单数可数名词要想到是否少用了冠词;看到不可数名词表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠词。记熟固定搭配牢记含冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。据第1条解题Lastbutnotleast,weshouldtakeaactivepartinsportsandbuildupourbody.a^anBesides,thiswillbemyfirstexperiencetoparticipateinsuchaactivity.a^an据第2条解题Onenteringtheflat,youwillfindyourselfinthesittingroom.Tobehonest,asittingroomismyfavouritepart.a—theZhangWeiwaswatchingTVwhilehisfatherwaspreparingdinnerinthekitchenonaneveningofJanuary9th.an—theItisthegreathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers.第一个the—a据第3条解题Itstartedwhenteachersetupavolleyballclubinourschool,hopingthatmorestudentswouldtakepartinthesportandkeepfit.teacher前力口aLastsummervacation,Iworkedinrestaurant.restaurant前力口aTheblogsservesasopenplatformwhereyoucandolotsofthings.open前力口an据第4条解题Thoughtherearealotofchanges,thegreatnumberofmenstillguardtheirrights.the—aMrYangfoundmeandapologizedtomeforhissharpwordsnextday.next前力口theWithhishelp,wehavemadeagreatprogress去掉aWhenthelandladydiscoveredwhathadhappened,shedecidedtodohimfavor.favor前力口a［语篇综合检测］•语法填空Asanexchangestudent,WeiHuastudiedinaBritishhighschoolforoneyear.Shewashappy__1__theschoolhoursinBritainbecauseschoolstartsaround9:00a.m.andendsaround3:30p.m.Onthefirstday,allthenewstudents__2__(attend)anassemblyintheschoolhall.WeiHuasatnexttoagirl__3__namewasDiana.Duringtheassembly,theheadmastertoldthestudentsthatthebestwaytoearnrespectwastodevote__4_(they)tostudyandachievehigh__5__(grade).Asthereweremanystudentsinherclass,itwasastruggleforWeiHua__6__(remember)allthefacesandnames.Althoughthehomeworkwasnotasheavyaswhatsheusedtogetinheroldschool,itwasabit__7__(challenge)forheratfirstbecauseallthehomeworkwasinEnglish.__8_(lucky),allherteachersgavehermuchencouragement.ToimproveherEnglish,WeiHuausedEnglisheverydayandspent__9__houreachdayreadingEnglishbooksinthelibrary.Inaword,__10__(study)inBritainwasaveryenjoyableandexcitingexperienceforWeiHua.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了魏华在英国上高中的学习经历。with考查介词。behappywith"对感到满意的”是固定用法。attended考查动词的时态。由下文可知，此处讲述过去的事，应用一般过去时。whose考查定语从句引导词。所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语，修饰名词name,故填whose。themselves考查代词。devoteoneselftosth.“全神贯注于某事”是固定短