语义场策略在词汇教学中的运用(“词汇”文档)共38张

《语义场策略在词汇教学中的运用---以Unit1Book3词汇教学为例》浙江省遂昌中学彭素飞1、语义场的含义

语义场理论(TheTheoryofSemanticfields)由德国学者特雷尔(J.Trier)20世纪30年代提出。所谓语义场，指的是一个核心概念与其相关的具有共同语义特征的若干个词，集合在一起，组成一个语义场,又叫词汇场,是一个系统，它把相互关联的词汇和短语组织起来，显示其间的相互关系，意义相关的W1、W2、W3……，构成一个集合，称为词汇场，词汇场F1、F2、F3……的集合构成某一语言的词汇总和V(vocabulary)。例如：在color这个核心概念下,yellow,purple,orange,pink等词共同构成一个语义场。在fruit这个核心概念下，appleorangepearlemonstrawberrygrapecoconutolivemango等词共同构成一个语义场。分类义场。这一分类包括了同类事物（现象，性质，运动，行为….）的各种对象。二元分类：如水田，旱田；自转，公转等；多元分类：如赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫；等。分类语义场可以是多层次的，大类之下可划分出小类，小类之下又可分出更小的分支，动物可以分成禽兽和人，而禽兽下面又划分出鸟、鱼、昆虫，哺乳动物；哺乳动物下又分出猪，狗、马牛，狼….等等，而狗的下面又划分成各种狗。

animaldogsheepwolftigereweramlamb顺序义场。如January,February,March...Sunday，Monday,Tuesday,…举凡数目，时序关系，军衔，学位，考核名次等词语都属于这类语义场。关系义场。关系义场的义位反映人与人，人与事物及事物及事物之间的关系。如二元的：teacher-student；exit，entrance；多元的：敌军-友军-我军；哥哥-姐姐-弟弟-妹妹。反义义场。这通常包括意义刚好相反的词语。如war-peace；construction-destruction两极义场。同反义义场相同，两极义场都是二元的，意义上彼此相反。但两个义位之间有过渡地带。如“大”与“小”，rich与poor形成两极，但“不大不小”及neitherrichnorpoor（不富也不穷）也有意义。部分否定义场。所谓部分否定义场是不完全相反的否定，如inevitability（必然性）与possibility（可能性）,全体与部分两组词中二者在意义上不完全相反，多元部分否定的例子如hot,warm,cool,cold，进攻-防御-退却等等。同义义场:两个概念意义（conceptualmeaning）相同，但附加意义(内涵意义，风格意义，感性意义，联想意义，搭配意义及主题意义）不同的义位构成的义场。如《同义词词林》一书中关于“死”就有一百多种表达式。英语Roget’sInternationalThesaurass一书中表示死的同义场中也有百多种同义表达式。再如英语中模仿各种走兽，飞禽、昆虫、爬虫的鸣叫声的拟声词也多得不可胜数，所以Franl.c.Flower说我们生活在不同动物鸣叫声的“世界”里，语义学家A.Lehrer恰好说过一种语言的全部象声词也形成一个语义场。如war-peace；ButthisValentine’sDay,Igavehimthepermissiontodateanotherwoman,whowasactuallyhismother,forIknewshealsolovedhimandwouldlovetospendsometimewithhim.holdone’sbreathValentine’sDayindependence这通常包括意义刚好相反的词语。Iwassoglad.IjustwanthimtoknowthathowmuchIlovehimwhereverIam!Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.construction-destructionclothing—dressup分类语义场可以是多层次的，大类之下可划分出小类，小类之下又可分出更小的分支，动物可以分成禽兽和人，而禽兽下面又划分出鸟、鱼、昆虫，哺乳动物；如二元的：teacher-student；语义场理论在词汇教学学习中运用的

主要策略1.大脑风暴2.建立语义网络3.建立概念图大脑风暴建立语义网络建立概念图Unit1Book3词汇教学单词表重点词汇和短语（11+13）

religiousbelieftrickgaingatherawardadmirepermissionapologizeobviousremind

takeplaceinmemoryofdressupplayatrickonlookforwardtodayandnightasthoughhavefunwithturnupkeepone’swordholdone’sbreathsetoffremind…of课标词汇（29）beautyharvestcelebrationstarveoriginancestorfeastbonepoetarrivalindependenceindependentagricultureagriculturalMexicoroosterenergeticclothingChristiancustomworldwidefoolparkingparkinglotdrownsadnesswipeweep(wept,wept)forgive（forgaveforgiven)带的词汇（16+11）seasonalgraveincenseskullproducelunarcherryblossomrosebudnecessitypredictionfashionweave(wovewoven）herdmagpieannouncerObonn.（日本）盂兰盆节Halloweenn.万圣节Columbusn.哥伦布日Carnivaln.狂欢节Valentine’sDayn.情人节TheMilkyWay银河ChristopherColumbus哥伦布Jesus耶稣Carla卡拉Hari哈利Trinidad特立尼达岛Unit1Book3词汇教学过程1.以“festival”为核心激活原有词汇2.以“festival”为核心建立概念图3.以“Valentine’sDay”为主题展开联想4.词汇产出运用buynecessitiesforthefestivalfestivalTVgalasetofffirecrackersclothing—dressupfeastluckymoneyholidayplaycomputergames

dayandnightgiftscelebrationgather/gettogetherFestivalTheSpringFestivalTomb--SweepingDaytheDragon--BoatFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivaltheChineseLunarNewYearseasonalfestivalcelebratethearrivalofspringrainheavilygrave/tombinmemoryofancestorsincensefiredisastergettogetheragriculturalproduceharvestmooncakemoonlightQuyuan/poetboat-racingzongzicrosstalkFestivaltheSpringFestivalTVgaladancingpopmusic---JayChoumagic—LiuQian--playtrickscomedy---XiaoShenyanacrobaticsFestivalChristmasDayValentine’sDayFool’sDayHalloweenTreatorTrickdressupaswitchesandghostsfoolPlaytricksparadeturkeywineSanta

clausreligiousoriginChristianJesusChristmas

treehappy/sadbeautydressupdatecandyloverrose/rosebudFestivalChinesefestivalsForeignfestivalsthespringfestivalTomb-SweepingDayplaygamesdayandnightpoetfeast/starvethearrivalofspringgettogetheragriculturalproducecelebrateharvestlovertheDragonBootFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivalthechineselumarnewyearseasonalfestivalbuynecessitiesforitclothingsetofffirecrackersgettogether/gatherinmemoryofQuyuanancestorsgraveincenseinmemoryofrose/rosebudwitchdressupghosttreatortrickreligiousoriginJesusbeautyhappysadfoolplaytrick’sonparadedressupChristianSantaclausfeastwineturkeyValentine’sDayFool’sDAYHalloweenChristmasDayValentine’sDayAworldwideholidayDoubleSeventhDay

celebrationtheherdboytheweavinggirl(weavewovewoven)theGoddessofHeaventheMilkywaymagpieastoryofsadnessexchangegiftshavecandledinnerrose/card/chocolate/candylovering/watch/tie/lovebandcoffeeshop/turnup/rosebudholdhisbreath/keepherworddrownhissadnessinwine/apologize/smile/hug输出练习:1.Readthepassage“BeingWithYourMother未能如愿的约会”

(摘自《海外英语》）2.Supposeyouweretheauthor,thewifeandthemother,retellthestoryinyourownwords,usingasmanynewwordsandphrasesaspossibleinthisunit.BeingWithYourMother

未能如愿的约会After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamoviethisValentine’sDay.

Shesaid,“Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyouandwouldLovetospendsometimewithyou.”

TheotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmyMother,whohasbeenawidow(寡妇）for19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.

ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.

"What'swrong,areyouwell?"sheasked.

Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews."Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,"Iresponded."Justthetwoofus."

Shethoughtaboutitforamomentandthensaid,"Iwouldlikethatverymuch.“Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Shehadcurledherhairandwaswearingthedressthatshehadworntocelebrateherlastweddinganniversary.Shesmiledfromafacethatwasasradiantasanangel's.

"ItoldmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtogooutwithmysonandtheywereimpressed,"shesaid,asshegotintothecar."Theycan'twaittohearaboutourmeeting."

Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Half-waythroughtheentrees,IliftedmyeyesandsawMothersittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips.

"ItwasIwhousedtohavetoreadthemenuwhenyouweresmall,"shesaid.

"Thenit'stimethatyourelaxandletmereturnthefavor,"Iresponded.

Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversationnothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother'slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.

Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,"I'llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou."

Iagreed.“Howwasyourdinnerdate?”askedmywifewhenIgothome.

“Verynice,muchmoresothanIcouldhaveimagined,”Ianswered.

Afewdayslater,mymotherdiedofamassiveheartattack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn‘thaveachancetodoanythingforher.

Sometimelater,Ireceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceipt（发票）fromthesameplaceMotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:"Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn'tsurethatIcouldbethere;but,nevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates-oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son."Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceofsayingintime:'IloveYOU'andtogiveourlovedonesthetimethattheydeserve.

Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftillsome"other"time.FromtheWife

Ihavebeenmarriedfor21yearsandIlovemyhusband,Hariverymuch.ButthisValentine’sDay,Igavehimthepermissiontodateanotherwoman,whowasactuallyhismother,forIknewshealsolovedhimandwouldlovetospendsometimewithhim.ThatFridayafterwork,myhusbandwentoutwithhismotherandIcouldn’twaittoknowmoreaboutthismeeting.Itseemedtheyhadgreatfunwitheachotherandevenmadeanotherdate.ButMotherdiedseveraldayslater.Whenweweredrowningourselvesinthesadness,aletterfromMothercame,tellinguswhatthatnightmeanttoher.Iwassoglad.Wecangaingreatawardifspendalittletimewithourfamily.Fromtheauthor

ThisValentine’sDay,mywife,Carlaaskedmetotakemymotherouttodinnerandamovie.ThatnightIdidgiveMotheracallandsheacceptedit,thoughalittlesurprised.ThatFridayafterwork,Isetofftopickmymotherup,whoobviouslyhaddressedup.Wewenttoaniceandcozyrestaurant.MymothertookmyarmasthoughsheweretheFirstLady.ThedatewassogoodthatMotherevensuggestedasecondone.Butshedidn’tkeepherword.Severaldayslater,whatIreallydidwasweepingforherpassingaway.Sometimelater,Ireceivedaletterfromher,tellingmehowmuchthatnightmeanttoher.IwassogratefulforwhatIhavedone.ChristmastreeThatFridayafterwork,myhusbandwentoutwithhismotherandIcouldn’twaittoknowmoreaboutthismeeting.Halloweenn.TheSpringFestival“Verynice,muchmoreso