医学英语 含骨科

医学英语含骨科医学英语含骨科医学英语含骨科医学英语含骨科编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:一、名词性后缀1、-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称，percentage百分数，百分率，voltage电压，伏特数，lavage灌洗，洗，出法，gavage管词法，curettage刮除法，shortage不足，缺少。2、-cy表示抽象名词，accuracy准确，精确度，infancy婴儿期。3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作，difference不同，interference干扰，干预，influence影响，感化，occurrence发出，出现，violence激烈，暴力，existence存在，significance意义，意味。4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀，difficiency不足，不全，tendency趋势，趋向，frequency频率，pregnancy妊娠，emergency紧急，急救，fluency流利，流畅，sufficiency足够，充足，constancy坚定，经久不变。5、-er表示……人、……者，diameter直径，receiver接收者，接受者，carrier携带者，beginner初学者，创始人，reader读者，shutter快门，goiter甲状腺肿。6、-ics表示……科学，psdiatrics儿科学，psychiatrics精神病学，obstetrics产科学，orthopdics矫形科学，auristrics耳科学，gnathostomatics口腔生理学，andriatrics男性医学，男性科。7、-ian表示人称名词，physician医师，内科医师，technician技术员。8、-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常译为……化，simpliffcation简化，calcification钙化，classification分类，分级，communication交流，交往。9、-ing由动词变化而来的动名词，nursing护理，typing分型，分类，mapping绘制……图，bleeding出血，vomiting呕吐，softening变软，functioning使器官活动，使器官有功能，positioning把……放在适当的位置，mathching和……相配，imaging成像。10、-ion由动词构成的名词，occasion偶然原因，近因，时机，division分割，分开，vision视力，视觉，distortion扭曲，变形。head头throat喉咙，咽喉armpithair腋毛nipple乳头chest胸部pit胸口navel肚脐abdomen腹部privateparts阴部thigh大腿neck脖子shoulder肩back背waist腰hip臀部buttock屁股skull颅骨，头盖骨collarbone锁骨rib肋骨backbone脊骨，脊柱shoulderjoint肩关节shoulderblade肩胛骨breastbone胸骨elbowjoint肘关节pelvis骨盆kneecap膝盖骨bone骨skeleton骨骼sinew腱muscle肌肉joint关节bloodvessel血管vein静脉artery动脉capillary毛细血管nerve神经spinalmarrow脊髓brain脑respiration呼吸windpipe气管lung肺heart心脏diaphragm隔膜exhale呼出inhale呼入internalorgans内脏gullet食管stomach胃liver肝脏gallbladder胆囊pancreas胰腺spleen脾duodenum12指肠smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠blindgut盲肠vermiformappendix阑尾rectum直肠anus肛门bite咬chew咀嚼knead揉捏swallow咽下digest消化absord吸收discharge排泄excrement粪便kidney肾脏bladder膀胱penis阴茎testicles睾丸scroticles阴囊urine尿道ovary卵巢womb子宫vagina阴道妇产科检查中英文对照2009-7-169:19【大中小】【我要纠错】发红redness发疹eruption溃疡ulcer糜烂erosion；erodet白斑vitiligoleukoplakia阴蒂肥大clitorimegaly处女膜hymen阴道窥器vaginalspeculum阴道分泌物vaginalsecretion；vaginaldischarge阴道横隔transversevaginalseptum；transversevaginalsepta宫颈糜烂erosionofcervix宫颈肥大hypertrophyofcervix宫颈息肉cervicalpolyp宫颈粘膜炎endocervicitis宫颈腺囊肿Nabothcyst宫颈裂伤cervicallaceration接触性出血contactbleeding前位子宫anterialuterus后位子宫posterialuterus子宫附件uterineadnexa子宫底fundusofuterus包块mass检查项目常规检查全血细胞分析wholebloodcelltest红细胞redbloodcell；erythrocyte白细胞whitebloodcell；leucocyte血红蛋白hemoglobin血小板thrombocyte；thromboplastid血型bloodtype；bloodgroup大便常规routinestooltest大便潜血试验stooloccultbloodtest专科检查阴道分泌物涂片vaginalsecretionsmear妊娠试验pregnancytest基础体温basalbodytemperature，BBT性激素sexualhormone；gonadalhormone雌激素estrogen，E雌二醇estradiol，E2孕激素progesterone，P睾酮testosterone，T促激素释放激素luteinizinghormone，LH腺垂体促卵泡激素folliclestimulatinghormone，FSH催乳素prolactin，PRL抗精子抗体anti-spermantibody，ASAB抗心磷脂抗体anticardiolipins，ACL抗子宫内膜抗体EMAb宫颈粘液检查cervicalmucusexamination宫颈粘膜碘试验Schillertest宫颈管刮片endocervicalscrapingsmear子宫颈涂片细胞学检查cervicalsmearandcytologicalexamination超声检查ultrasonographyB超B-scan经阴道超声检查transvaginalultrasonography子宫发育不良hypoplasiaofuterus宫内节育器intrauterinedevice，IUD月经期子宫内膜menstrualphaseofendometrium子宫内膜endometrium卵泡follicle孕囊fertilizedegg囊肿cyst；hydatidoma；hydatoncus子宫肌瘤超声所见ultrasoundviewofuterinemyoma子宫腺肌症超声所见ultrasonicfeatureofuterineadenomyoma子宫输卵管造影术hysterosalpingography单角子宫unicornuateuterus双角子宫uterusbicornis残角子宫rudimentaryhornofuterus输卵管积水hydrosalpinx；hydropstubae；tubaldropsy诊断性刮宫diagnosticcurettage；exploratorycurettage宫颈锥切术conizationofcervix输卵管通液术fluidinfusionoffallopiantubes经阴道后穹窿穿刺术colpocoeliotomiaposterior宫腔镜hysteroscope阴道镜colposcope；vaginoscope腹腔镜peritoneoscope；ventroscope；laparo；laparoscope；laproscope常用中医治疗补肾滋阴replenishingvitalessencetotonifythekidney疏肝养肝soothingandnourishingtheliver健脾和胃strengtheningthespleenandstomach补益气血invigoratingqiandenrichingtheblood活血化瘀promotingbloodcirculationbyremovingbloodstasis理气行滞regulatingtheflowofqi清热凉血removingpathogenicheatfromblood温经散寒expellingpathogenticcoldfromchannel利湿除痰removingdampnessbydiuresisandeliminatingphlegm解毒杀虫detoxicatinganddestroyintestinalworms中医特色治疗四黄水蜜外敷applicationwith毛冬青保留灌肠retention-enemawithhairyhollyroot莪棱保留灌肠retention-enemawithzedoaryandburreedtuber激光治疗lasertherapy针灸治疗acupunctureandmoxibustiontherapy常用西医治疗保守治疗expectanttreatment手术治疗surgicaltherapy药物治疗drugtreatment放射治疗radiotherapy心理治疗psychotherapy物理疗法physicaltherapy抗炎anti-inflammatorytherapy利尿diuretictherapy杀菌sterilization妇科手术前庭大腺囊肿造口术fistulizationofbantbolinglandcyst无孔处女膜切开术excisionofimperfcratedhymen子宫颈息肉切除术excisionofcervicalpolyp全子宫切除术panhysterectomy；completehysterectomy经腹全子宫切除术abdominouterectomy；laparohysterectomy经腹输卵管卵巢切除术abdominalsalpingo-oophorectomy；laparosalpingo-oophorectomy子宫肌瘤剔除术myomectomy会阴切开术episiotomy；sectioperinealis；perineotomy剖宫产cesareansection；abdominaldelivery；caesareansection；cesareandelivery人工流产artificialabortion；inducedabortion；abactio；abactusventer药物流产anti-earlypregnancywithdrug；induceabortionwithdrug1、总论[Introduction]superior[上]inferior[下]Cranial[头侧]Caudal[尾侧]anterior[前]posterior[后]ventral[腹侧]dorsal[背侧]medial[内侧]lateral[外侧]internal[内]external[外]superficial[浅]profundal[深]proximal[近侧]distal[远侧]ulnar[尺侧]radial[桡侧]tibial[胫侧]fibular[腓侧]2、运动系统[locomotor（kinetic）system]vertebrae[椎骨]cervicalvevtebrae[颈椎]thoracicvertebrae[胸椎]lumbarvertebrae[腰椎]sacrum[骶骨]sternum[胸骨]rib[肋骨]thoraciccage[胸廓]skull[颅]frontalbone[额骨]parietalbone[顶骨]occipitalbone[枕骨]temporalbone[颞骨]sphenoidbone[蝶骨]ethmoidbone[筛骨]mandible（submaxilla）[下颌骨]maxilla（supermaxilla）[上颌骨]nasalbone[鼻骨]coronal（sagital，lambdoid）suture[冠状（矢状，人字）缝]orbit[眶]clavicle[锁骨]scapula（shoulderblade）[肩胛骨]sternum（breastbone）[胸骨]manubriumsterni（presternum）[胸骨柄]midsternum[胸骨体]xiphoid[剑突]humerus[肱骨]radius[桡骨]ulna[尺骨]carpalbone[腕骨]metacarpalbone[掌骨]phalanges[指（趾）骨]hipbone[髋骨]ilium[髂骨]ischium[坐骨]pubis[耻骨]femur[股骨]patella[髌骨]tibia[胫骨]fibula[腓骨]articulation[关节]ligament[韧带]flexion[屈]extension[伸]adduction[收]abduction[展]medialrotation[旋内]lateralrotation[旋外]pronation[旋前]supination[旋后]circumductoin[环转]vertebralcolumn[脊柱]intervertebraldisc[椎间盘]temporal-mandibularjoint[颞下颌关节]shoulderjoint[肩关节]elbowjoint[肘关节]radiocarpaljoint[肩关节]radiocarpaljoint[桡腕关节]pelvis[骨盆]hipjoint[髋关节]kneejoint[膝关节]anklejoint[踝关节]muscle[肌肉]tendon[肌腱]fascia[筋膜]tendinoussheath[腱鞘]trapezius[斜方肌]latissimusdorsi[背阔肌]sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]scalenus[斜角肌]pectoralismajor[胸大肌]intercostales[肋间肌]diaphragm[膈肌]inguinalcanal[腹股沟管]masseter[咬肌]temporalis[颞肌]deltoid[三角肌]bicepsbrachii[肱二头肌]tricepsbrachii[肱三头肌]axillaryfossa[腑窝]gluteusmaximus[臀大肌]piriformis[梨状肌]sartorius[缝匠肌]quadricepsfemoris[股四头肌]tricepssurae[小腿三头肌]femoraltriangle[股三角]3、内脏[Viscera]viscera[内脏]oralcavity[口腔]lip[唇]cheek[颊]palate[腭]tooth[牙]dentes[牙]tongue[舌]parotidgland[腮腺]pharynx[咽]esophagus[食管]stomachgaster[胃]duodenum[十二指肠]jejunum[空肠]ileum[回肠]largeintestine[大肠]caecum[盲肠]vermiform（appendix）[阑尾]colon[结肠]rectum[直肠]analcanal[肛管]dentateline[齿状线]anus[肛门]liver（hepar）[肝]portahepatis[肝门]gallblader[胆囊]pancreas[胰]nose[鼻]nasalcavity[鼻腔]paranasalsinus[鼻旁窦]larynx[喉]laryngealcavity[喉腔]vocalcord[声带]trachea[气管]bronchi[支气管]lung[肺]pulmonary[肺的]pleura[胸膜]mediastinum[纵隔]kidney[肾]renalpilvis[肾盂]ureter[输尿管]urinarybladder[膀胱]urethra[尿道]testis[睾丸]epididymis[附睾]ductusdeferens[输精管]spermaticcord[精索]prostate[前列腺]scrotum[阴囊]penis[阴茎]ovary[卵巢]uterinetube[输卵管]uterus[子宫]vagina[阴道]clitoris[阴蒂]mamma（breast）[乳房]mammarypapilla（nipple）[乳头]perineum[会阴]pelvicdiaphragm[盆膈]peritoneum[腹膜]omentum[网膜]4、心血管系统[Cardiovascularsystem]heart[心]artery[动脉]vein[静脉]capillary[毛细血管]atrium[心房]ventricle[心室]tricuspidvalve[三尖瓣]bicuspidvalve[二尖瓣]aorticvalve[主动脉瓣]pulmonaryvalve[肺动脉瓣]sinuatrialnode[窦房结]atrioventricularnode[房室结]atrioventricularbundle[房室束]right/leftbundlebranch[右/左束支]coronaryartery[冠状动脉]coronarysinus[冠状窦]pericardium[心包]aorta[主动脉]innominateartery[无名动脉（头臂干）]commoncarotidartery[颈总动脉]carotidsinus[颈动脉窦]internal（external）carotidartery[颈内（外）动脉]facialartery[面动脉]subclavianartery[锁骨下动脉]mesentericartery[肠系膜动脉]commoniliacartery[髂总动脉]poplitealartery[腘动脉]venacava[腔静脉]internaljugularvein[颈内静脉]cephalicvein[头静脉]basilicvein[贵要静脉]saphenousvein[隐静脉]lymphaticduct[淋巴导管]thoracicduct[胸导管]lymphnode[淋巴结]spleen[脾]thymus[胸腺]5、感觉器[senseorgans]sensoryorgan[感觉器]receptor[感受器]visualorgan[视器]eyeball[眼球]cornea[角膜]sclera[巩膜]choroid[脉络膜]ciliarybody[睫状体]iris[虹膜]retina[视网膜]opticdisc[视神经盘]maculalutea[黄斑]aqueoushumor[房水]lens[晶状体]vitreousbody[玻璃体]eyelid[眼睑]conjunctiva[结膜]lacrimalgland[泪腺]vestibulocochlearorgan[前庭蜗器]ear（auris）[耳]auricle[耳廓]acousticmeatus[耳道]tympaniccavity[鼓室]tympanicmembrane[鼓膜]pharyngotympanictube[咽鼓管]bony（membranous）labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]vestibule[前庭]semicircularcanal[半规管]cochlea[耳蜗]cochlearduct[蜗管]olfactoryorgan[嗅器]gustatoryorgan[味器]tastebud[味蕾]skin[皮肤]6、神经系统[Nervoussystem]centralnervoussystem[中枢神经系统]peripheralnervoussystem[周围神经系统]visceralnerve[内脏神经医学教.育网搜集]afferentnerve[传入神经]efferentnerve[传出神经]neuron[神经元]axon[轴突]dendrite[树突]glia[神经胶质]graymatter[灰质]whitematter[白质]cortex[皮质]madulla[髓质]nucleus[神经质]ganglion[神经节]fasciculus[神经束]nerve[神经]spinalnerve[脊神经]cervicalplexus[颈丛]brachialplexus[臂丛]lumbarplexus[腰丛]sacralplexus[骶丛]phrenicnerve[膈神经]mediannerve[正中神经]ulnarnerve[尺神经]radialnerve[桡神经]femoralnerve[股神经]ischiaticnerve[坐骨神经]commonperonealnerve[腓总神经]cranialnerve[颅（脑）神经]olfactorynerve[嗅神经]opticnerve[视神经]oculomotornerve[动眼神经]trochlearnerve[滑车神经]trigeminalverve[三叉神经]abducentnerve[展神经]facialnerve[面神经]vestibulocochlearnerve[前庭蜗神经]glossopharyngealnerve[舌咽神经]vagusnerve[迷走神经]accessarynerve[副神经]hypoglossalnerve[舌下神经]autonomicnervoussystem[自主神经]vegetativenervoussystem[植物神经]sympatheticnerve[交感神经]parasympatheticnerve[副交感神经]spinalcord[脊髓]encephalon（brain）[脑]brainstem[脑干]medullaoblongata[延髓]pons[脑桥]mesencephalon[中脑]midbrain[中脑]cerebellum[小脑]diencephalon[间脑]thalamus[丘脑]hypothalamus[下丘脑]hypophysis[垂体]telencephalon[端脑]cerebrum[大脑]cerebralcortex[大脑皮质]corpusstriatum[纹状体]internalcapsule[内囊]spinothalamictract[皮质脊髓束]mediallemniscus[内侧丘系]laterallemniscus[外侧丘系]spinallemniscus[脊髓丘系]trigeminallemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[Anatomicmarks]naso-labialgroove[鼻唇沟]suprasternalfossa[胸骨上窝]supraclavicularfossa[锁骨上窝]infraclavicularfossa[锁骨下窝]armpit（axillaryfossa）[腋窝]midsternal（midian）line[胸骨中线（正中线）]anteriormidianline[前正中线]parasternalline[胸骨旁线]midclavicularline[锁骨中线]mammillary（nipple，milk）line[乳线]posterior（mid-，anterior）axillaryline[腋后（中，前）线]scapularline[肩胛线]midspinalline[脊柱中线]dorsomedianline[后正中线]lineaparavertebralis[脊椎旁线]theleft（right）upperabdomen（quadrant）[左（右）上腹]epigastrium[上腹部]themiddleabdomen[中腹部]thelowerabdomen[下腹部]lineapararectalis[腹直肌旁线]anteriorsuperiorspine[髂前上棘]symphysispubis（symphysion）[耻骨联合]ischialtuberosity[坐骨结节]groin（inguen）[腹股沟]poplitealfossa[腘窝]upperextremity（limb）[上肢]lowerextremity（limb）[下肢]posteriorsuperiorspine[髂后上嵴]anterior（dorsal）partofchest（前（后）胸部）scapularregion[肩胛区]anterior（posterior）fontanelle[前（后）囱]NervousSystem神经系统peripheralnervoussystem周围神经系统neuron神经元neuroglia神经胶质nucleus神经核tract神经束ganglion神经节nerve神经spinalnerves脊神经cervicalplexus颈丛phrenicnerve膈神经brachialplexus臂丛longthoracicnerve胸长神经thoracodorsalnerve胸背神经axillarynerve腋神经musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神经mediannerve正中神经ulnarnerve尺神经radialnerve桡神经thoracicnerves胸神经intercostalnerve肋间神经lumbarplexus腰丛lumbosacraltrunk腰骶干femoralnerve股神经obturatornerve闭孔神经sacralplexus骶丛sciaticnerve坐骨神经tibialnerve胫神经commonperonealnerve腓总神经superficialperonealnerve腓浅神经deepperonealnerve腓深神经cranialnerves脑神经olfactorynerve神经opticnerve视神经oculomotornerve动眼神经trochlearnerve滑车神经trigeminalnerve三叉神经abducentnerve展神经facialnerve面神经vestibulocochlearnerve前庭蜗神经glossopharyngealnerve舌咽神经vagusnerve迷走神经accessorynerve副神经hypoglossalnerve舌下神经visceralnervoussystem内脏神经系autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系vegetativenervoussystem植物性神经系sympatheticnerve交感神经parasympatheticnerve副交感神经centralnervoussystem中枢神经系统spinalcord脊髓graymatter灰质whitematter白质substantiagelatinosa胶状质nucleusthoracicus胸核fasciculusgracilis薄束fasciculuscuneatus楔束spinothalamictract脊髓丘脑束corticospinaltract皮质脊髓束brain（encephalon）脑brainstem脑干medullaoblongata延髓pons脑桥midbrain（mesencephalon）中脑pyramid锥体pyramidaldecussation锥体交叉inferiorolivenucleus下橄榄核gracilistubercule薄束结节cuneatetubercule楔束结节inferiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑下脚fourthventricle第四脑室rhomboidfossa菱形窝striaemedullaris髓纹hypoglossaltrigone舌下神经三角vagaltrigone迷走神经三角areapostrema最后区obex闩medialeminence内侧隆起facialcolliculus面丘vestibulararea前庭区acoustictubercle听结节middlecerebellarpeduncle小脑中脚superiorcerebellarpeduncle小脑上脚inferiorcolliculus下丘superiorcolliculus上丘cruscerebri大脑脚cerebralaqueduct中脑导水管mediallemniscus内侧丘系spinaltrigeminaltract三叉神经脊髓束spinaltrigeminalnucleus三叉神经脊束核solitarynucleus孤束核nucleusambiguus疑核pontinenuclei脑桥核trapezoidbody斜方体laterallemniscus外侧丘系locusceruleus蓝斑substantianigra黑质rednucleus红核reticularformation网状结构raphenuclei中缝核cerebellum小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑metathalamus后丘脑epithalamus上丘脑subthalamus底丘脑hypothalamus下丘脑opticchiasma视交叉telencephalon（cerebrum）端脑（大脑）temporallobe颞叶frontallobe额叶parietallobe顶叶occipitallobe枕叶insula岛叶limbiclobe边缘叶corpuscallosum胼胝体centralsulcus中央沟lateralsulcus外侧沟parieo-occipitalsulcus顶枕沟calcarinesulcus距状沟precentralgyrus中央前回postcentralgyrus中央后回angulargyrus角回supramarginalgyrus缘上回lingualgyrus舌回cuneusgyrus楔回dentategyrus齿状回parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回uncus（海马旁回）钩paracentrallobule旁中央小叶cingulategyrus扣带回lateralventricle侧脑室basalnuclei基底核caudatenucleus尾状核lentiformnucleus豆状核putamen壳globuspalidus苍白球corpusstriatum纹状体fornix穹窿internalcapsule内囊cerebralcortex大脑皮质duramater硬脑膜arachnoid蛛网膜piamater软脑膜basilarartery基底动脉cerebralarterialcircle大脑动脉环cerebrospinalfluid脑脊液Thermometer[体温表]·Tonguedepressor(spatula)[压舌板]·Needle[针头]·Syringe[注射器]·Cottonstick(ball)[棉签（球）]·Bandage[绷带]·Elasticbandage[弹力绷带]·Esmarch`sbandage[橡皮绷带]·Tourniquet[止血带]·Gauze[纱布]·Adhesiveplaster[橡皮膏]·Dressing[敷料]·Splint[夹板]·Rubberglove[橡皮手套]·Sandbag[沙袋]·Icebag[冰袋]·Hotwaterbottle[热水瓶]·Bedpan[便盒]·Urinal[尿壶]·Catheter[导尿管]·Rectaltube[肛管]·Dilator[扩张器]·Gastrictube[胃管]·Lavagetube[洗胃管]·Oxygentube(cylinder)[吸氧管]·Sengstaken-Blakemoretube[三腔二囊管]·Visualtestingchart[视力表]·Incubator[保温箱]·Plasterbed[石膏床]·Sheet[被单]·Bedding[被褥]·Blanket[毛毯]·Diaper[尿布]·Pillowcase[枕套]·Bedsidetable[床头柜]·Towel[毛巾]·Basin[脸盒]·Comb[梳子]·Tooth-paste[牙膏]·Tooth-brush[牙刷]·Rubbercushion[橡皮圈]·Aircushionbed[气垫床]·Scale[台秤]·Flashlight[电筒]·Scissors[剪刀]·Tray[托盘]·Sputumcup[痰杯]·Testtube[试管]·Infusionsupport[输液架]·Infusiondripmonitor[输液滴速监护仪]·Micropump[微泵]·Operatingtable[手术台]·Shadowlesslamp[无影灯]·Slitlamp[裂隙灯]·Scalpel[手术刀]·Silksutures[丝线]·Rubberdrainage[引流管]·Operatinggown[手术衣]·Overalls[工作服]·Operatingsheet[手术床单]·Mask[口罩]·Hemostaticforceps[止血钳]·Needleforceps(holder)[持针钳]全身症状发热fever潮热hotflushes乏力easyfatigability怕冷sensationofchill神经质hervousness头晕vertigo头痛headache心慌palpitation恶心nausea呕吐emesis；vomiting腹泻diarrhea腰痛lumbago麦氏点McBurney'spoint失眠insomnia外阴瘙痒pruritusvulvue下腹部肿块abdominalmass妊娠pregnancy多毛trichauxe；polytrichia；hypertrichiasis肥胖obesity；obese浮肿edema脱垂感sensationofprolapst乳房breast乳汁不行lackoflactation月经menstruation月经初潮menarche月经不规则irregualmenstruation月经出血量amountofmenstrualbleeding月经过少hypomenorrhea月经过多hypermenorrhea月经频发polymenorrhea月经稀发oligomenorrhea子宫不规则出血metrorrhagia子宫不规则过多出血menometrorrhagia月经淋漓menostaxis月经停闭amenorrhea血块clots避孕contraception避孕套condom药物避孕pharmacologiccontraception疼痛pain痛经dysmenorrheal下腹痛lowerabdominalpain发散性疼痛radiatingpain持续性疼痛continuouspain急性疼痛acutepain搏动性疼痛throbbingpain广泛性疼痛generalizedplain钝痛dullpain锐痛sharppain剧痛excruciating牵引痛draggingpain触痛tenderness下肢痉挛痛cramppainofthelowerextremities阵痛laborpain白带vaginaldischarge；vaginalfluor；leucorrhea大量excessmassine中等量moderate少量scanty浆液性serous泡沫状frothy水样的watery恶臭fetid；malodour；foul霉臭musty酸味acid排尿排便残尿感sensationofresidualurine多尿urorrhagia；polyuria少尿uropenia；oliuria尿闭urodialysis尿失禁urinaryincontinentia；uroclepsia尿频frequenturination无尿anuria血尿hematuria便秘constipation体温temperature脉搏pulse呼吸respiration血压bloodpressure128个护理诊断-医学英语2009-7-169:9【大中小】【我要纠错】NANDA通过的以人类反应型态（HumanResPonsePatterns）的分类方法。现将人类反应型态分类方法的128个护理诊断分列如下：（1）交换（Exchanging）营养失调：高于机体需要量（AlteredNutrition：MoreThanBodyRequirements）营养失调：低于机体需要量（AlteredNutrition：lessThanBodyRequirements）营养失调：潜在高于机体需要量（AlteredNutrition：PotentialforMoreThanBodyRequirements）有感染的危险（RiskforInfection）有体温改变的危险（RiskforAlteredBodyTemperature）体温过低（Hypothermia）体温过高（Hyperthermia）体温调节无效（IneffectiveThermoregulatlon）反射失调（Dysreflexia）便秘（Constipation）感知性便秘（PerceivedConsttipation）结肠性便秘（ColonicConstipation）腹泻（Diarrhea）大便失禁（BowelInconttinence）排尿异常（AlteredUrinaryElimination）压迫性尿失禁（SiresIncontlnence）反射性尿失禁（ReflexIncontlnence）急迫性尿失禁（UngeIncontlnence）功能性尿失禁（FunctionalIncontlnence）完全性尿失禁（TotalIncontlnencd尿储留（UrinaryRetentron）组织灌注量改变（肾、脑、心肺、胃肠、周围血管）（AlteredTissuePerfuslorl（Renal，Cereral，CardlopulmonaryGastrolntestlnal，Peripheral）体液过多（FluidVolumeExcess）体液不足（FluidVolumeDeficit）体液不足的危险（RiskforFluidVolUmeDeficit）心输出量减少（Deer.a.edCardlacouPu）气体交换受损（ImnairedGasExc5anse）清理呼吸道无效（IneffectheAirwayClearance）低效性呼吸型态（IneffectiveBreathingPattern）不能维持自主呼吸（InabilitytoSustainSPontaneousVentilation）呼吸机依赖（DysfunctionalVentilatoryWeaningResPonse，DVWR）有受伤的危险（RiskforInjury）有窒息的危险（RiskforSuffocation）有外伤的危险（RiskforTrauma）有误吸的危险（RiskforAspiration）自我防护能力改变（AlteredProtection）组织完整性受损（ImPairedTissueIntegrity）口腔粘膜改变（AlteredOralMucousMembrance）皮肤完整性受损（ImPairedSkinIntegrity）有皮肤完整性受损的危险（RiskforImPairedSkinIntegrity）调节颅内压能力下降（DecreasedAdaPtiveCaPacityIntracranial）精力困扰（EnergyFielddistubance）（2）沟通（Communicating）语言沟通障碍（impairedVerbalCommunlcatlon）（3）关系（Relating）社会障碍（ImpairedSoialInteratlon）社交孤立（SocialIsolition）有孤立的危险（Riskfor.Lonelines.）角色紊乱（AlteredRolePerformance）父母不称职（AlteredParenting）有父母不称职的危险（RiskforAlteredParenting）有父母亲子依恋改变的危险（RiskforAlteredParent／Infant／ChildAtt8Chffi6llt）性功能障碍（SexualDysfunction）家庭作用改变（AlteredFamilyProcess）照顾者角色障碍（CaresiverRoleStrain）有照顾者角色障碍的危险（RiskforCaregiverRoleStrain）家庭作用改变：酗酒（AlteredFamilyProcess：Alcoholism）父母角色冲突（ParentalRoleConflict）性生活型态改变（AlteredSexualityPatterns）（4）赋予价值（Valuing）精神困扰（SpiritualDistress）增进精神健康：潜能性（PotentialforEnhanceSpiritualWell-Belug）（5）选择（Choosing）个人应对无效（IneffctiveIndividualCoping）调节障碍（ImPairedAdjustment）防卫性应对（DefensiveCoping）防卫性否认（IneffectiveDenial）家庭应对无效：失去能力（IneffectiveFamilyCoping：Disabling）家庭应对无效：妥协性（IneffectivFamilyCoping：Compromised）家庭应对：潜能性（FamilyCoPing：PotentialforGrowth）社区应对：潜能性（PotentialforEnhancedCommunityCoPing）社区应对无效（IneffectiveCommunityCoping）遵守治疗方案无效（个人的）（IneffectiveManagementofTherapeuticRegimen）（Individual）不合作（特定的）（Noncompliance）（Specitfy）遵守治疗方案无效（家庭的）（IneffectiveManagementofTherapeuticRegimen：（（Families）遵守治疗方案无效（社区的）（IneffectiveManagementofThera－peuticRegimen：Community）遵守治疗方案有效（个人的）（EffectiveManagementofThera－peuticRegimen：Individual）抉择冲突（特定的）（DecisionalConflict）（Specify）寻求健康行为（特定的）（HealthSeekingBehaviors）（Specity）（6）活动（Moving）躯体移动障碍（ImPairedPhysicalMobility）有周围血管神经功能障碍的危险（RiskforPeriPheralNeurovas－cularDysfunction）有围手术期外伤的危险（RiskforPerloperatlvePositioningInjury）活动无耐力（ActivityIntolerance）疲乏（Fatigue）有活动无耐力的危险（RiskforActivityIntolerance）睡眠状态紊乱（SleepPatternDisturbance）娱乐活动缺乏（DiversionalActivityDeficit）持家能力障碍（ImpairedHomeMaintenanceManagement）保持健康的能力改变（AlteredHealthMaintenance）进食自理缺陷（FeedingSelfCareDeficit）吞咽障碍（ImpairedSwallowing）母乳喂养无效（IneffectiveBreastFeeding）母乳喂养中断（InterruntedBreast1ceding）母乳喂养有效（EffectiveBreastfeeding）婴儿吸吮方式无效（IneffectiveInfantFeedingPattern）沐浴／卫生自理缺陷（Bathing／HygieneSelfCareDeficit）穿戴／修饰自理障碍（Dressing／GroomingSelfCareDeficit）入厕自理缺陷（ToiletingSelfCareDeficit）生长发育改变（AlteredGrowthandDevelopment）环境改变应激综合征（RelocationStressSyndrome）有婴幼儿行为紊乱的危险（RiskforDisorganizedInfantBehavior）婴幼儿行为紊乱（DisorganizedInfantBehavior）增进婴幼儿行为（潜能性）（potentialforDisorganizedInfantganlzedInfantkhavlor）（7）感知（Perceiving）自我形象紊乱（BodyImagseDisturbance）自尊紊乱（SolfEsteemdisturbance）长期自我贬低（ChronicLowSelfEsteem）情境性自我贬低（SituationalLowSelfEsteem）自我认同紊乱（PersonalIdentitydisturbance）感知改变（特定的）（视、听、运动、味、触、嗅）（Sensory／PerceptualAlterations）（specify）（Visual，Auditory，Kinesthetlc，Gustatory，Tao－tile，Olfactory）单侧感觉丧失（UnilateralNeglect）绝望（Honelessness）无能为力（Powerlessness）（8）认知（Knowing）知识缺乏（特定的）（KnowledgeDeficit）（Specify）定向力障碍（ImpairedEnvironmentalInterpretation）突发性意识模糊（AcuteConfusion）渐进性意识模糊（ChronicConfusion）思维过程改变（AlteredThoughtProcesses）记忆力障碍（ImPairedMemoryy）（9）感觉（Feeling）疼痛（Pain）慢性疼痛（ChronicPain）功能障碍性悲哀（DysfunctionalCrievins）预感性悲哀（AnticiPatoryCrieving）有暴力行为的危险：对自己或对他人（RiskforViolence：Self-DirectedordrectedatOthers）有自伤的危险（RiskforSelf－Mutilation）创伤后反应（Post－TraumaResponse）强奸创伤综合征（RaPe－TraumaSyndrome）强奸创伤综合征：复合性反应（Repe－TraumaSyndrome：CompoundReaction）强奸创伤综合征：沉默性反应（Rape－TraumaSyndrome：Silent）焦虑（Anxiety）恐惧（Fear）PreoperativeAssessment术前评估AssessmentandImplementation评估实施1.UseStandardProtocol.采用标准护理程序2.Determineiftheclienthasanycommunicationimpairmentandiftheclientismentallycompetent.测定病人存在沟通障碍，心智是否健全。3.Assesstheclient'sunderstandingoftheintendedsurgeryandanesthesia.评估病人是否了解即将进行的手术及麻醉。4.Obtainanursinghistory：获取护理史A.Conditionleadingtosurgery需手术的病情B.Theneedforisolationprecautions.隔离需要C.Chronicillnesses.慢性疾病D.Lastmenstrualperiod（forfemaleclientsinchildbearingyears）。末次月经（育龄期女性病人）E.Previoushospitalizations.既往住院史F.Medicationhistory，includingprescriptionandover-the-counter（OTC），anddate/timeoflastdoses.用药史，包括处方与非处方药，末次用药日期/时间G.Previousexperiencewithsurgeryandanesthesia.既往手术及麻醉史H.Familyhistoryofcomplicationsfromsurgeryoranesthesia.家庭手术或麻醉并发症史I.Allergiestomedicationsorfood，includingspecificquestionsaboutnaturalrubberlatex.药物或食物过敏史，包括天然橡胶特种过敏反应J.Physicalimpairment.身体受损情况K.Prosthesesandimplants（e.g.，dentures，hearingaid，pacemaker，internaldefibrillator，hipprosthesis）假体和移植（如义齿、助听器、起搏器、除颤器、人工髋关节）L.Smoking，alcohol，anddruguse.吸烟、饮酒和吸毒史M.Occupation职业5.Assessclient'sweight，height，andvitalsigns.评估病人体重、身高和生命体征。6.Assessclient'srespiratorystatus，includingcharacterandrateofrespirations，oxygensaturation，abilitytobreathelyingflat，andchestx-rayreport.评估病人呼吸系统状况，包括呼吸特征与速度，氧饱和度，平卧呼吸能力及胸片。7.Assessclient'scirculatorystatus，includingapicalpulse，electrocardiogram（ECG）report，andperipheralpulses.评估病人循环系统状况，包括心尖搏动、心电图和周围脉搏。8.Determineclient'sneurologicalstatus，includinglevelofconsciousness（LOC）。测定病人神经学状况，包括神志清醒程度。9.Assessclient'smusculoskeletalsystem，includingrangeofmotion（ROM）ofjoints.评估病人肌骨骼系统，包括关节活动度。10.Examineclient'sskin；identifyanybreaksinskinintegrityanddeterminelevelofhydration.检查病人皮肤，确认皮肤完整性受损情况，确定水合程度。11.Assessclient'semotionalstatus，includinglevelofanxiety，copingability，andfamilysupport.评估病人情绪状况，包括焦虑程度、应对能力和家庭支援。12.Reviewtheresultsoflaboratorytests，includingcompletebloodcount（CBC），electrolytes，urinalysis，andotherdiagnostictests.审查化验报告，包括全血计数、电解质、尿检和其他诊断试验。13.Askifclienthasanadvanceddirective.询问病人是否得到事先说明。14.Identifythetimeofclient'slastintakeoffoodordrink.确认病人上次摄食与饮水时间。15.UseCompletionProtocol.采用护理完成标准程序。Evaluation评价1.Reviewrecordstodetermineifnecessaryinformationhasbeenassessed.复查记录，确定必需项目是否得到评估。2.Evaluateclient'sabilitytocooperate.评价病人合作能力。IdentifyUnexpectedOutcomesandNursingInterventions确认意外结果与护理措施RecordandReport记录与报告1.Usingagencyformat（preoperativechecklist），completeallessentialinformation.采用机构表格（术前目录单），填写全部重要信息。2.Reportabnormallaboratoryvaluesandotherconcernstothesurgeonoranesthesiologist.向手术医生或麻醉师报告异常化验值及其他问题。妇产科英语词汇2009-6-910:31【大中小】【我要纠错】Abantibody抗体ACTHadrenocortieotropichormone促肾上腺皮质激素ADHantidiuretichormone抗利尿激素AFEamnioticfluidembolism羊水栓塞AFPalphafetoprotein甲胎蛋白Agantigen抗原AIDartificialinseminationwithdonor＇ssemen供精者精液授精ADautoimmunedisease自身免疫病AIDSacquiredimmuno-deficiencysyndrome获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）AIHartificialinseminationwithhusband＇ssemen丈夫精液授精AKPalklinephosphatase碱性磷酸酶AMPSacidmucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖ARautosomerecessive常染色体隐性遗传ARDS