北京科技大学《有机化学》试题库-合成题及解答

北京科技大学《有机化学》试题库——合成题及解答北京科技大学《有机化学》试题库——合成题及解答北京科技大学《有机化学》试题库——合成题及解答合用标准文案试题库五——合成题及解答1．由苯或甲苯及其他无机试剂制备：COOHNO2CH3COOHNO2COOHCH3Cld.e.BrBra.b.c.f.g.ClBrClBrNO2COOHClBrNO2Br2．NO2CH3COOH3．CMe3COOH4．NO2OHO5．6．CH3CH2CH2OH→CH3C≡CH7．CH3CH2CH2OH→CH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)28．CH3CH2CH2CH2OH→CH3CH2CH(OH)CH39．OHOHSO3H10．CH2=CH2→HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH11．CH3CH2CH=CH2→CH3CH2CH2CH2OH12．CH3CH2OH→CH3CH(OH)COOH13．14．

COClCOOOH15．HC≡CH→CH3CH2CH2CH2OH16．CH3CH3CCH3CH2OH优秀文档17．18．19．

合用标准文案CH2CHCH3OHCH2CH2CH2OH20．CH3CH=CHCH3→CH3CH-CHCHOOHOH21．CH3CH2CH2OH→CH3CH2CH2CH2OH22．写出由相应的羰基化合物及格氏试剂合成2-丁醇的两条路线。23．由苯合成2-苯基乙醇。24．由甲苯合成2-苯基乙醇。OO25．BrCH2(CH2)2CH2COOH26．27．28．

OOCO2CH3CH2COCH3CH3COOHCOCH3CH3COOC2H5HOOCCH-CHCOOEtCH3CH329.30．31．32．

COOHOOHCH3CH2CH2BrCH3CH2CH2COOH(CH3)2CHOH(CH3)2CCOOHOOHOCH3OCH3OOO33．(CH3)2C=CH2→(CH3)3CCOOHCOOH34．Br优秀文档合用标准文案35．HC≡CH→CH3COOC2H5O36．O37．CH3CH2COOH→CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH38．CH3COOH→CH2(COOC2H5)2CO2CH3COOH39．OHOOCCH340．NH2NH2NH241．NO242．CH3CH2OH43．NH2NO244．CH345．NH246．NH247．NH248．49．50．

CH3CHCH2CH3NH2NHCOCH3NNNNCH3OHNH2NO2NH2NO2NH2NO2OHNO2BrBrBr优秀文档合用标准文案51．BrBrBr52．CH3CH3BrBrNO253．NO254．ClBr55．由CH2(COOC2H5)2合成H3CCHCOOHCH2CH=CH256．由CH3COCH2COOC2H5合成CH3CH2CH2CH2CH-CH3COOH57．CH3COOHCOOH58．(CH2)3OHCH3(CH)SO2(CH)CH3CH32323CH359．60．

H3CSO2NHCH3CH3CH2Br61．用丙二酸二乙酯合成1,3-环戊二甲酸。62．用丙二酸二乙酯合成1,1-环戊二甲酸。63．用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成CH3COCH2CH2CH2COOH。64．CH3CH3Br65．CH3COCH2BrCHCOCHCHCHOH3O22266．用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成O67．用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成68．用丙二酸二乙酯合成1，4环已二甲酸。优秀文档合用标准文案69．CH3COCH3CH3CH3CH-C-CH3CH3OH70．由丙二酸二乙酯合成庚二酸71．由乙酰乙酸乙酯合成2,4－戊二酮NH272.NO2由乙酰乙酸乙酯合成2,5－己二酮。由丙二酸二乙酯合成3-甲丁酸O75.CH3CH=CH2，CH≡CHCH3CH2CH2CCH2CH2CH2CH3由丙二酸二乙酯合成环丁基甲酸。由乙醇合成乙酰乙酸乙酯。78.

NH2NO279.CHOOH80.O由乙酰乙酸乙酯合成3-乙基-2-戊酮。O由丙二酸二乙酯合成COOHOCHO83.由丙二酸合成2-苄基丁酸。

BrO85.由乙酰乙酸乙酯合成OEtOH

OCH2CH386.OH用丙二酸二乙酯合成环已基甲酸。用乙酰乙酸乙酯合成2-甲基-4-戊酮酸。OHO89.CHOCHO优秀文档合用标准文案CH3CH390.OHNO291.由CH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CH2CH-CHCH3CH3CH3CH3NO292.由CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH393.BrCOOH94．NO295.由1-丁烯合成BrCH2CH2CH2CH2Br96.97.98.99.100.101．102.

OCH2CH2CH3OHOCH2CH3OHOCH2CH2CH2CH3OHOCH2CH2CH3OHCH2ClCH2CH=CH2CH2ClCH2CH2CH2ClBrBrNO2OHBr103.BrOH104.(CH3)3CCH2CHCH3(CH3)3CCCH(不多于四步)HCH3Br优秀文档合用标准文案由乙炔合成3,4-二羟基已烷。106.由环戊烷合成OHCHCH3〔其他试剂自选〕由甲苯合成由苯合成

H3CCH2CH3BrSO3H109.COCH3以铜锂试剂合成1-苯基-2-甲基戊烷。以铜锂试剂合成2-甲基已烷。OH以苯为原料合成苦味酸(O2N)NO2113.OHNO2NO2NO2由正丁醇合成2-丁醇。由苯酚和两个碳原子及以下的有机物合成

CH3OC2H5CH3五个C原子以下的有机物合成

C-CH3OH117.以不多于4个C的有机物为原料合成：Br以丙烯为原料合成：CH2-CH-CH2ClClBrCH3119.以丙烯为唯一有机原料合成：CH3-C-CH2CH2CH3OH优秀文档合用标准文案试题库之五：合成题答案1．COOHa.CH3ClKMnO4Cl2AlCl3FeCl3ClNO2CH3CH3b.HNO3Br2c.Cl2Cl2ClH2SO4FeBr3FeCl3FeCl3BrClCH3COOHNO2d.Cl2KMnO4e.Br2HNO3FeCl3FeBr3H2SO4CH3ClCH3BrBrg.H2SO4Br2HNO3H2OBr100℃FeBr3H2SO4180℃f.2.

NO2CH3COOHBr2CH3ClKMnO4HNO3FeBr3AlCl3H2SO4NO2BrCOOHCH3BrHNO3Br2KMnO4BrAlBr3H2SO4FeBr3NO23．4.5.

CH3(CH3)3CBrKMnO4COOHAlCl3CMe3COOHCH3BrHNO3KMnO4AlBr3H2SO4OHONO2K2CrO76.CH3CH2CH2OHH2SO4Br2OH-NaNH2170℃乙醇-HBrNaMe2CHBr-HBr7.CH3CH2CH2OH8.CH3CH2CH2CH2OHH2SO4H+170℃H2OOHOHOHOH9.浓H2SO4浓H2SO49.100℃100℃SO3HSO3HOOO2/Ag10.CH2=CH2H2O250℃优秀文档合用标准文案B2H6H2O211.CH3CH2CH=CH2OH-CH3CH2CH2CH2OHAgHCNH2O12.CH3CH2OH550℃13.COClCOC6H6AlCl314.15.

ONaBH4OHH2SO4OH-H2方法一：NiHgSO4△O15.方法二：NaHBrMgHO2+液氨干醚HCH3CH316.CH3COCH3H2OCH2CCH3NBSMg干醚H+OHCH2Cl+HCHOMgCH3CH2CHO17.H3OTMHClZnCl2干醚，CH2ClCH3CHOH3O+18.HCHOMg，2干醚TMHClZnCl19.CH3CH2BrMgHCHOH3O+AlCl3干醚TM20.CH3CH=CHCH3KMnO4H2OCH3CH-CHCH3冷OH-H+OHOH21.CH3CH2CH2OHHBrMgHCHOH2OCH3CH2CH2CH2OH干醚+H22.方法一：CH3CHO+CH3CH2MgBr干醚H2OCH3CH2CHCH3H+22.方法二：CH3CH2CHO+CH3MgBr干醚H2OOH+CH3CH2CHCH3HOOH23.Br2MgH2OCH2CH2OHFeCl3THF+H24.CH3NBS

MgHCHOH2OCH2CH2OHTHFH+25.BrCH2(CH2)2CH2COOHOH-OOH2O△OOH+OCO2CH3CH3COCH2BrCO2CH3-CH2COCH326.NaOEt稀OHCH2COCH3△27.CH3COOHEtOHNaOEtCH3COCH2COOEtNaOEtBrCH2CH2CH2BrNaOEt-HBrCOOEt稀OH-COCH3-HBrCOCH3优秀文档合用标准文案28.CH3COOC2H5NaOEtCH3COCH2COOEtCH3BrCH浓OH-+NaOEtBrCHCOOEtNaOEt3HHOOCCH-CHCOOEt-HBrCH3CH329.HCNH2OH+30．31.32．

NaCNH2O①H+MgH2OKMnO4②CH2OH+干醚Na2CrO7HCNH2OH+KMnO4P2O5△33.34.35.

方法一：HBrNaCNH2OMgH+方法二：HBrCO2H2O干醚H+CH3BrKMnO4Br2AlCl3FeHgSO4KMnO4EtOHH2SO4H+36．Na2CrO7Ba(OH)2H2SO4△△37.LiAlH4HBrMg环氧乙烷H2OKMnO4干醚H+38.PBr3NaCNH2OEtOHH+H+2OCH3COOHH+40.HNO3Fe+HClH2SO441．42．43．

(CH3CO)2OHNO3H+乙酸HBrMgCH3CHOH+Na2CrO7NH3干醚Ni(CH3CO)2O44．FeFe+HClHNO2C6H5NH2Br2<5℃OH45.HNO3Fe+HClHNO2H2SO4<5℃浓HNO3Cl2Fe+HClHNO2CuBr-HBr46．H2SO4HNO3OH-H2SO4△FeCl3<5℃优秀文档合用标准文案47.48．

(CH3CO)2OHNO3H2O乙酸H+(CH3CO)2OHNO3H2O乙酐H+或OH-HNO3NH4SHNaNO2H2SO4HO249．H2SO4△乙醇液0~5℃△HNO3Fe+HClBr2NaNO2H2SO4H3PO2+H2O50．H2SO4△0~5℃HNO3Fe(CH3CO)2OH2SO4H3O+Br2H2ONaNO2H3PO251.H2SO4HCl△180℃HCl＜5℃H2O52.HNO3Fe+HClBr2NaNO2HClH3PO2+H2OH2SO4△0~5℃53.HNO3Fe+HCl(CH3CO)2OHNO3H2OHNO2NaNO2HBF4H2SO4△乙酸H+<5℃Cu粉54．HNO3Cl2Fe+HClHNO2CuBr-HBrH2SO4△FeCl3<5℃NaOC2H5CH3BrNaOC2H5CH2=CHCH2BrH+/H2OTM55.CH2(COOC2H5)2△56.CH3COCH2COOEtEtONaCH3CH2CH2CH2BrEtONaCH3Br酸式分解TM57.CHCOOHP,ClNaCNEtOHEtONaCH2(CH2Br)2水解2TM3α-取代NaOHH2SO4-2NaBr△-CO258．NaSHNaOHCH3(CH2)3IHNO359．H2SO4PClH2NCH3360.Br2CHCOClZn/HgFeAlCl3HCl或CH3CH2BrBr2AlCl3Fe61.①2EtONaBr①2EtONa①NaOH△②BrCHCH②CHI2②HCl22262.①2EtONaNaOHH3O+TM②Br(CH2)4Br63.①EtONaOH-②BrCHCHCOOEt2264.65.66.

HNO3Fe(CH3CO)2OBr2H3O+NaNO2H3PO2HSO△HClHCl＜5℃HO242HOCH2CH2OHMgOH3O+乙醚①EtONa①EtONaNaOHTM②CHCHCHBr②CH3I32267.①EtONaNaOHHNO2CuBr-HBr②BrCH2CH2CHMe2酮式分解HNOTM3Cl2Fe+HClH2SO4△FeCl3<5℃优秀文档合用标准文案68.①2EtONa①2EtONa①NaOH△②BrCH2CH2Br②BrCH2CH2Br②HCl69.NiHClMgCH3COCH3H3O+H2ZnCl2干醚70.①2EtONa①NaOH②Br(CH)Br(EtOCO)2CH(CH2)3CH(COOEt)2②HClTMEtONa23OH-△71.CH3COClTMH2O72.HNO3FeH2SO4HNO3OH-H2SO4△HCl保护氨基H2SO4△73.EtONaCHCOCHClOH-TM3274.H2OEtONa(CH3)2CHBr①NaOHTM②HCl△75.CH3CH=CH2HBrCH3CH2CH2BrNaNH2CH3CH2CH2BrNaNH2CH3CH2CH2BrTMCH≡CH液氨液氨76.2EtONaCH2(CH2Br)2水解TM-2NaBr△-CO2KMnO4CH3CH2OHEtONa77.CH3CH2OHH+H+酯缩合TM78.HNO3Fe(CH3CO)2OHNO3H2OH2SO4△HCl乙酐H+或OH-79.①O3OH-△CHO②Zn/H2O羟醛缩合-H2O80.CuHNO3BaO△250℃脱羧脱水81.①EtONa①EtONaNaOHH3O+TM②C2H5Br②CH5Br△△2O82.①EtONaNaOHHCl△COOH②OBrCH3CH2CH2MgH3O+83.CH3CH2CH2CHOCH3CH2CH2CHCHCrO3Br2TM干醚2CH2CH3乙酸OH84.EtONaCH3CH2ClEtONaC6H5CH2Cl①NaOHCH3CH2CHCOOHEtOHEtOH②HCl△CH2C6H585.①EtONa①2EtONaNaOHTM②BrCH2COOEt②CH3IOHOH3O+CH2CH386.NiCrO3CH3CH2MgBrH2Et2OOH87.①2EtONa①NaOHCOOH②Br(CH2)5Br②HCl△CH3H3O+88.EtONaCl-CHCOOC2H5NaOHCH3CCH2CHCOOHEtOH△△OCH3优秀文档合用标准文案89.90.91.

HOCH2CH2OHCrO3H3O+TM保护醛基HNO3KMnO4Fe(CH3CO)2OHNO3HO+NaNO2H2OH2SO4△3NaOHHClH2SO4HCl＜5℃HBrNaTMCH3CH2CH2Br乙醇92.93.94．

CH3CH2COClHNO3H2SO4Zn-HgTMAlCl3△HClCH3CH2COClBr2Zn-HgCH2CH2CH3AlCl3FeCl3HClCH3BrHNO3KMnO4BrAlCl3H2SO4△H+NBSNaOHBr2TM95.CH2=CHCH2CH3乙醇高温96.①CH3CH2CH2MgXHSO4①B2H6CH2CH2CH3②H2O/H+△②H2O2/OH-OH或①CH3CH2CH2MgXHSO4①HBr/H2O2②HO/H+②NaOH/△H2O297.①CH3CH2MgXHSO4①B2H6CH2CH3②H2O/H+△②H2O2/OH-OH或①CH3CH2MgXHSO4①HBr/H2O2②H2O/H+△②NaOH/HO2①CH(CH)MgXHSO4①BH6CH2CH2CH2CH398.②H2O/H+△②H2O2/OH-OH或①CH(CH2)MgXHSO4①HBr/H2O233/HO②H2O/H+△②NaOH299.①CH3CH2CH2MgXHSO4①BH6CH2CH2CH3H+2H-②HO/△②HOOH222/O或①CH3CH2CH2MgXHSO4①HBr/H2O2②H2O/H+△②NaOH/HO2CH3BrHNO3KMnO4AlCl3H2SO4