考研考博-英语-安徽黄梅戏艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽黄梅戏艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour（

）orcarloan.

问题1选项

A.complication

B.revenue

C.mortgage

D.chasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complication“并发症；混乱；复杂化”；B选项revenue“税收收入；收益”；C选项mortgage“抵押；按揭”；D选项chasm“峡谷；分歧”。句意：当你尝试开立一个新的银行或信用卡账户时，你可能已经看到了这一点。你会被问到一些选择题，要求核实你的汽车贷款或……是从哪里来的。C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thoughshewasnotaprofessionalwriter,shebecamean（

）memberoftheWriter’sAssociation.

问题1选项

A.honour

B.honourable

C.honoured

D.honorary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。honour“荣誉”；honourable“诚实的，正直的”；honoured“荣幸的”；honorary“名誉的”。句意：尽管她不是职业作家，她还是成为了作协的名誉会员。D项符合题意，答案D

3.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.

Thereallycriticalimplicationofthediscoverystilllieswiththedoorthatgeneticistshaveopenedontheenvironmentalinfluencesofourbehavior,ourpersonalitiesandourhealth,andforthecriticalblowitstrikestheideaofbiologicaldeterminism.

41.Forthepastdecade,thepublichaswitnessedarisingepidemicoftalesofdiscoveriesofgenesthatdisposehumanitytohomosexuality,toalcoholism,topoliticalpersuasion,torunningability,andtoartistictaste.

Butevenbeforeyesterday’srevelationsbyVenter,scientistshadstoppedbelievinginthegaygene.Yetbeliefinitsexistencestillpersistsamongthepublic.42.Theassaultonbiologicaldeterminismthatgeneticistshavenowtriggeredwillbetimely,andhumannatureisalotmorecomplexandintriguingthandeterministshavegivenitcreditfor.

IthasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableforindividualsparticularlyintheUnitedStatestoblameactionsandcrimesontheinfluenceoftheirgenes.SeveralUSdefendantsaccusedofviolentcrimeshavearguedthattheywereinnocentvictimsoftheirgenes.43.Inotherwords,geneticpredestinationcouldsoonhavebeenusedtoexcusemurderorrobbery—ifithadnotbeenforthisdiscoverythatwelackthegenestothusdisposeus!

KevinDaviesistheauthorof“TheSequence”,astoryofthehumangenomerace.Hesaid.44.“Therehasbeenarecentstudyonperfectpitch,theabilitytoknowtheabsolutepitchofamusicalnote,thatstronglysuggeststhatisacquiredthroughtheinheritanceofasinglegene.”“Thatmaysoundlikeaclear-cutpieceofbiologicaldeterminism.However,thereisacrucialcorollaryyouhavetobeexposedtoearlymusicaltrainingfortheabilitytomaterialize.Inotherwords,eveninseeminglysimpleinheritedabilities,nurturehasaroletoplay.”

AndthenthereisthecasequotedbyVenter.Taketheexampleofcolon(结肠)cancer.Peoplesaythereisagenethatpredisposesustothedisease.Andcertainlyitrunsinfamilies.45.However,itisonlythecolonwherewefindallsortsoftoxinsandbacteriathatprovidetheharshcircumstancesthatfinallycausethatgenetobreakdownandforcancertospread.

Inshort,itisnotacoloncancergenebutagenethataffectsourabilitytorespondtotheenvironment.Andthatiswhathumannatureisallabout.

【答案】41.近十年来，有关基因发现的传闻漫天飞。这些发现称，基因与人的同性恋倾向、酗酒、政治信仰和奔跑能力、艺术鉴赏力等都息息相关。

42.遗传学家现在对生物决定论的攻击是及时的，而且人类的本性远比决定论者想象的更加复杂和迷人。

43.换句话说，如果发现缺少基因的数量可以用来证明基因不能够控制我们的行为，某些人便会利用基因决定论来洗刷他们谋杀和抢劫的罪名。

44.最近有一项关于音调辨别能力的研究，即判断音符绝对音高的能力。该研究结果明显表明完美音高是通过单纯基因遗传获得的。

45.但只有在结肠部位，才能够找到构成病变环境的各种毒素和细菌，它们会导致该基因最终损坏，致使癌细胞扩散。

4.单选题

Thejudgedoesn’tknowwhetherthewitnessistellingthetruth,buthewill（

）it.

问题1选项

A.identify

B.enforce

C.distinguish

D.verify

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项identify“认出，鉴定”，多用于在众多物品中选出某一特定物品；B选项enforce“强迫，强化”；C选项distinguish“区别，辨别”；D选项verify“证实，查证，核实”。本句是but连接两个并列句子，根据前面的意思“法官不知道证人说的是否是真话”，推测后面空格部分填入的动词意思应该是“证实，证明”，

5.单选题

Spacemayseemremote,butit’sreallynotthatfaraway.Ifyoucoulddriveyourcarstraightup,injustafewhoursyou’dreachthealtitudeatwhichthespaceshuttleflies.Thepopularorbitsforsatellitesbegintwiceasfarup—about400milesaboveourheads.TheretelecommunicationsandweathersatellitesorbitatthesameratethatEarthrotates,allowingthemtohoveraboveasinglespotontheEquator.

ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.Inthe1970sDeltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.Sincethenmostpublicandprivatelaunchershavetakensimilarmeasures—suchstepsarerelativelyinexpensivemeansoflimitingdebris.Still,everyfewmonthsonaverageanoldrocketorsatelliteexplodes,flingingacloudofdebrisintospace.

FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.Theproblemseemedabstract,residingmoreincomputermodelsthaninhardexperience.Anditchallengedthecan-domentalityofspaceenthusiasts.Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.Toitscredit,NASAhaslongmaintainedadebris-researchprogram,staffedbytop-notchscientistswhohavepersistedinpointingoutthelong-termhazardsofspacejunkevenwhenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.ThencametheChallengeraccident,in1986.NASAofficialsrealizedthattheiremphasisonhumanspaceflightcouldbackfire.Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.

EngineerstookanewlookattheshuttleandtheInternationalSpaceStation.Designedinthe1970s,whendebriswasnotconsideredafactor,theshuttlewasdeterminedtobeclearlyvulnerable.Afteralmosteverymissionwidowsontheshuttlearesobadlypittedbymicroscopicdebristhattheyneedtobereplaced.SoonNASAwasflyingtheshuttleupsidedownandbackward,sothatitsrockets,ratherthanthemoresensitivecrewcompartments,wouldabsorbtheworstimpacts.Andengineerswereaddingshieldingtothespacestation’smostvulnerableareas.

Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.Therealproblemisthatwheneversomethingisputintoanorbit,theriskofcollisionforallobjectsinthatorbitgoesup.Therefore,theonlytrulyeffectivemeasureisaprocessknownasdeorbiting.ThelogicbehinddeorbitinghasbeeninescapablesincethebeginningoftheSpaceAge,yetithasjustbeguntopenetratetheconsciousnessofspacecraftdesignersandlaunchers.In1995NASAissuedaguidelinesayingthatsatellitesandtheupperstagesofrocketswithin1,250milesofEarthshouldremaininorbitfornolongerthantwenty-fiveyearsaftertheendoftheirfunctionallives.Buttheguidelineappliesonlytonewspacecraftandcanbewaivedifotherconsiderationsprevail.AsaresultNASAandtheDefenseDepartmentalsocontinuetoleavetheupperstagesofsomeoftheirlaunchvehiclesinorbit,partlybecauseexistingdesignsdonotlendthemselvestodeorbiting.

Furthermore,thecharacteroftheSpaceAgeischanging.TheprivatesectornowputsmorepayloadsintoorbitthandoNASAandtheU.S.andRussianmilitariescombined.AscoreofcommunicationscompaniesintheU.S.andothercountrieshaveannouncedplansthatwillputhundredsofsatellitesintoorbitoverthenextdecade.Noneofthesecompaniesisunderanyobligationtolimitorbitaldebris.Companiesthatarelaunchinglargeconstellationsofsatellitesareworriedaboutcollisionsbetweenthesatellites,andtheyarewellawarethatapublic-relationsdisasterwouldensureifapieceofashatteredsatellitesmackedthestation.Asaresult,someplantodeorbitsatellitesattheendoftheirusefullives.Butothercompaniesareleavingtheirsatellitesuporarecountingonatmosphericdragtobringthemdown.

Governmentregulationscoveringorbitaldebrisarestillrudimentary.Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.Asatellitecouldkeepoperatingforseveraladditionalmonthsifitdidn’tneedtoreservefuelfordeorbiting.Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.In1987theWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopmentdefinedsustainabledevelopmentasmeetingtheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirneeds.Inspacewearefailingthesustainabilitytestmiserably.Ahundredyearsfromnow,whenourdescendantswanttoputsatellitesintoorbitsteemingwithdebris,theywillwonderwhatwecouldhavebeenthinking.Thesimpleanswerisweweren’tthinkingatall.

31.NASAbegantopayattentiontotheproblemofdebrisbecause_________.

32.Theword“vented”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans____________.

33.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_________.

34.Inordertosolvetheproblemofdebris,NASAhasadoptedallthefollowingmethods

EXCEPT___________.

35.Allprivatecompanieswilldealwithspacedebriswhen_________.

问题1选项

A.burningofthearticlestherocketscarriedledtoitsexplosion

B.apartoftherocketssnapped,whichresultedinitsexplosion

C.leftoverfuelswereleakedandtherocketsfellontotheearth

D.leftoverfuelswereheated,whichcausedtherockets’explosion

问题2选项

A.ventured

B.launched

C.exploded

D.discharged

问题3选项

A.Americangovernmentshoweddeepconcernfordebrispollution

B.debrispollutiondidn’tarousetoomuchpublicattention

C.therewaslittlechanceoftheearthbeingpollutedbydebris

D.fewscientistsconsidereddebrispollutionharmfultotheearth

问题4选项

A.toapplyanewtechnology

B.toaddsomeprotectivecoveringtotheshuttle

C.tofixtheequipmentoftheshuttle

D.toreplacetheshuttlewitharocket

问题5选项

A.deorbitingrocketsandsatellitesbecomesinexpensive

B.theirsatellitesaretoooldtoservethem

C.operableregulationshavebeenmadebythegovernment

D.thelawordainsthattheymustdoso

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.判断推理题。题干“美国国家航空航天局（NASA）是因为什么开始关注碎片的问题”，可定位到文章第2段ItwastheexplosionsofderelictrocketsthatfirstdrewNASA’sattentiontodebris.（正是废弃火箭的爆炸引起了NASA对碎片的注意。）由此可知，是因为火箭的爆炸引起了NASA的注意，排除C选项“剩余燃料泄漏，火箭落到地球上”；那么是什么原因导致了爆炸呢？继续看后文。第2段第2句Deltarocketsleftinorbitafterdeliveringtheirpayloadsbeganblowingup.（留在轨道上的德尔塔号火箭在运送完负载后开始爆炸。）由此可知，并非火箭所运载的物品燃烧导致了爆炸，因为爆炸发生在火箭运载物运送完之后，排除A选项“火箭所携带物品的燃烧导致了爆炸”；第2段第3句Aninvestigationshowedthatthebulkheadsseparatingtheleftoverfuelswereprobablycrackingasaresultoftherocket’spassinginandoutofsunlight.（一项调查显示，隔离剩余燃料的舱壁破裂可能是因为火箭在阳光照射下进出。）由此可知，阳光照射导致燃料舱舱壁破裂，排除B选项“火箭的一部分断裂，导致了爆炸”，因为火箭并没有断裂；再根据后一句NASA的建议leftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight（剩余燃料在飞行结束时燃烧掉）推断，火箭爆炸与剩余燃料有关。总的来说，阳光照射导致燃料舱舱壁破裂，舱壁破裂导致剩余燃料被阳光照射，剩余燃料被阳光照射之后导致火箭爆炸，D选项“剩余燃料被加热导致了火箭爆炸”符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

32.词义推测题。根据关键词“vented”定位到原文第2段第4句NASAbeganrecommendingthatleftoverfuelsbeburnedattheendofaflight,orthattheybeventedintospace.（NASA开始建议剩余燃料在飞行结束时燃烧掉，或者____到太空中。）A选项venture“冒险”；B选项launch“发射（导弹、火箭等）”；C选项explode“爆炸；激增”；D选项discharge“排出；放出；流出”，原文中“vented”的主语是剩余燃料，把四个选项带入原句，只有D选项符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

33.判断推理题。根据题干“从第3段中可推测出____”定位到第3段。A选项“美国政府对碎片污染问题表示了深切关注”，定位到第3段第1句FormanyyearsNASAandtheDepartmentofDefensewereskepticalaboutthedangersofspacedebris.（多年来，美国宇航局和国防部一直对太空碎片的危险性持怀疑态度。）由此可知，美国政府对碎片污染的态度是怀疑的，而不是深切关注，排除A选项；B选项“碎片污染并没有引起公众太多的关注”，定位到第3段最后一句Ifpeoplediedinspace,publicsupportfortheshuttleprogramcouldunravel.（如果有人在太空中死亡，公众对航天飞机项目的支持可能会瓦解。）由此可知，目前公众对航天飞机项目还是支持的，而太空碎片污染问题已经存在，即现在碎片污染问题的存在并没有影响公众对航天工作的支持，公众关心的是有没有人在太空中死亡，B选项的表述与原文相符；C选项“地球被碎片污染的可能性很小”定位到第3段第3句Earth’sorbitseemedtoolargeandemptytopollute.（地球的轨道似乎太大太空旷，无法污染。）首先原文使用了seem“似乎”说明所述观点并不一定正确，其次，原文讲的是地球的轨道而非地球本身，所以排除C选项；D选项“几乎没有科学家认为碎片污染对地球有害”定位到第3段第5句Toitscredit,…whenthehigher-upsatNASAhaven’twantedtohearaboutit.（值得称赞的是，NASA长期以来一直维持着一个碎片研究项目，由顶尖的科学家组成，他们坚持指出太空垃圾的长期危害，即使NASA的高层不想听到这些。）由此可知，顶尖科学家们认为碎片污染是有害的，只是NASA高层不愿意相信，选项中few使用不正确，排除D选项。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

34.事实细节题。题干“为了解决碎片的问题，除了____，NASA采用了以下所有方法”。A选项“应用新技术”可定位到最后一段Onereasonforournonchalanceisthatnewtechnologieshavegottenusoutofmanypastscrapes—andmaybetheywillwithorbitaldebris,too.（我们无动于衷的一个原因是新技术已经让我们摆脱了许多过去的困境——也许也会让我们摆脱轨道碎片的困境。）由此可知，人们期待新技术能解决碎片问题，说明NASA正在应用新技术来解决碎片问题，只是能否解决尚未可知，排除A选项；原文第5段第1句Butaddingshieldingandrepairkitswon’tsolvetherealproblem.（但增加防护和修复设备并不能解决真正的问题。）由此可知，增加防护和修复设备是已经采用的方法，所以B选项“给航天飞机加一些保护措施”以及C选项“修理航天飞机的设备”可排除；D选项“用火箭取代航天飞机”原文并未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

35.推理判断题。题干“当____时，所有私人公司都将处理太空碎片问题”定位到原文最后一段第5句Someindustryrepresentativessaytheywantregulations,butonlyiftheregulationsapplytoeveryoneandcannotbeevaded.（一些行业代表表示，他们希望监管，但前提是这些监管适用于所有人，且人们不能逃避监管。）由此可知，他们希望所有有关的人都受到监管，且所有的人都必须处理太空垃圾，不能逃避。要做到这一点，只能依靠法律。因此，D选项“法律规定他们必须这样做”符合原文表述。A选项“脱轨火箭和卫星变得便宜了”可定位到最后一段第3句Butdeorbitingrocketsandsatellitesisexpensive.（但是火箭和卫星脱离轨道是昂贵的。）由此可知，私人公司未处理太空碎片问题的一个原因是使火箭卫星离轨很贵，但并不能保证便宜下来，所有人都肯定会处理太空碎片问题，排除A选项；B选项“他们的卫星太旧了，不能为他们服务”，原文并没有相关表述，排除；C选项“政府制定切实可行的规定”，可定位到最后一段第2句Fornow,thefederalagenciesthathaveauthorityovercommerciallaunchesarewaitingtoseeiftheprivatesectorcandealwiththeproblemonitsown.（目前，有权管理商业发射的联邦机构正在观望私营部门能否自行解决这个问题。）由此可知，政府部希望私人公司能够自己解决这个问题，所以政府制定切实可行的规定较难实现，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

6.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Similarityininterests.

B.Mentalstimulation.

C.Openness.

D.Compassion.

问题2选项

A.Thewillingnesstooffertimelyhelp.

B.Thejoyfoundineachother’scompany.

C.Personalbonds.

D.Emotionalfactors.

问题3选项

A.Failuretokeepapromise.

B.Lackoffrankness.

C.Feelingsofbetrayal.

D.Lossofcontact.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Qualitiesofarelationshipsuchasopenness,compassion,andmentalstimulation,areofconcerntomostofusregardlessofsex.Butjudgingfromthequestionnaireresponse,they’remoreimportanttowomenthantomen.Askedtoconsidertheingredientsofclosefriendship,womenratedthesequalitiesaboveallothers.[16]Menassignedalowerprioritytotheminfavorofsimilarityininterests,selectedby77%ofmen,andresponsivenessinacrisis,chosenby61%ofmalerespondents.Mentalstimulation,rankedthirdinpopularitybymenaswellaswomen,wastheonlyareaofoverlap.Amongmen,only28%namedopennessasanimportantquality;caringwaspickedbyjust23%.

[17]Itisevidentbytheirselectionsthatwhenwomenspeakofclosefriendships,they’rereferringtoemotionalfactors,whilemenemphasizethepleasuretheyfindinafriend’scompany.Thatis,whenamanspeaksof“afriend”,heislikelytobetalkingaboutsomeonehedoesthingswith—ateammate,afellowhobbyist,adrinkingbuddy.Theseactivitiesarethefabricofthefriendship.Itisa“doing”relationshipinwhichsimilarityininterestsisthekeybond.Thisfactorwasaconsiderationoflessthan11%ofwomen.Womenoptforawarmemotionalatmospherewherecommunicationflowsfreely;activityismerebackground.

Lastly,men,aswehaveseen,haveseriousquestionsabouteachother’sloyalty.Perhapsthisiswhytheyplacedsuchstrongemphasisonresponsivenessinacrisis—someoneIcancallonforhelp.Women,astheirtestimoniesindicate,aregenerallymoresecurewitheachotherandconsequentlyaremorelikelytotreatthisissuelightly.Infollow-upinterviews,thiswasconfirmednumeroustimesaswomanafterwomanindicatedthatbeingtherewhenneededwastakenforgranted.[18]Asforthehazardsoffriendship,morethanafewrelationshipshavebeenshatteredbecauseofcutthroatcompetitionandfeelingsofbetrayal.Thisappliestobothmenandwomen,butunequally.Incomparison,nearlytwiceasmanymencomplainedabouttheseissuesaswomen.Further,whilecompetitionandbetrayalarethemainthornstofemalefriendship,menareplaguedinalmostequalamountsbytwoadditionalissues:lackoffranknessandafearofappearingunmanly.Obviously,foraman,agoodfriendshipishardtofind.

16.Whatqualitydomenvaluemostconcerningfriendshipaccordingtoaquestionnaireresponse?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问男性在友谊方面最看重什么品质？录音开头提到，男性更倾向于寻找兴趣上的相似性（infavorofsimilarityininterests），A选项“兴趣上的相似性”与原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“精神鼓励”；C选项“率真，开放”和D选项“同情心”虽然在录音中有所涉及，但只是说女性比男性更加看重这些品质，而男性认为这些都不是最重要的（Menassignedalowerprioritytothem），他们优先考虑的是兴趣上的相似性。因此均可排除。

17.Whatdowomenrefertowhenspeakingofclosefriendships?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是女性对于亲密友谊的看法。录音中明确提到，当女性说起亲密友谊时，她们指的是情感因素（emotionalfactors），D选项“情感因素”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“愿意及时提供帮助”在录音中没有提及；B项“在彼此陪伴下找到的快乐”，这是男性的看法，因此排除；C选项“个人纽带”，利用录音中的bond制造干扰，录音中说的是兴趣上的相似性是友谊的关键纽带，只有不到11%的女性考虑到了这一因素，选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。

18.Whatmaythreatenafriendshipforbothmenandwomen?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问有什么因素对于男性和女性来说都会威胁到友谊？录音后半部分提到，很多关系都因为激烈的竞争和被背叛的感觉而破裂，这一点对男性和女性都适用，因此C选项“背叛的感觉”正确。A选项“没有信守诺言”和D选项“失去联系”在录音中没有提及；B选项“缺乏坦率”，这只是男性关系中面临的问题之一，并没有说女性之间也有类似问题，与题干不符，因此排除。

7.单选题

Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure（

）

问题1选项

A.andmoreonefficiency

B.thanmoreonefficiency

C.andmoreefficiency

D.thanefficiency

【答案】A

【解析】考查and前后成分的一致性。and是一个并列连词，所以前后成分表达应该保持一致，所以介词on不能缺少，选项A符合题意。

8.问答题

Theteachersaidthatif(A)webelievedsomethingwas(B)trueandgoodweshould(C)holdontothem(D).

【答案】试题答案：D;it

【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。

9.单选题

Peoplearegettingabetterideaoftheneedtoprotect（

）propertyrights.

问题1选项

A.knowledge

B.intelligence

C.intellectual

D.leaning

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析题。knowledge“知识，学问，知道”；intelligence“智力，情报工作，理解力”：intellectual“智力的，聪明的，理智的”；intellectualpropertyrights“知识产权”；leaning“倾向，爱好；倾斜”。本题考察固定搭配intellectualpropertyrights“知识产权”，句意是‘大家正更好地理解保护知识产权的需要。’C选项正确。

10.单选题

Iremember（

）tohelpusifweeverwereindifficulties.

问题1选项

A.onceoffering

B.himonceoffering

C.himtooffer

D.toofferhim

【答案】B

【解析】考查remember的用法。remembersb.doingsth.“记得某人做过某事”。remembersb.todosth.“记得某人要去做某事”。根据后面的动词were可知是发生在过去的事情，所以选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

问题1选项

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

问题2选项

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

问题4选项

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

问题5选项

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且无养料的海水中繁衍的。第二段开头开始转折，作者指出人类活动是怎样对珊瑚礁的栖息地造成破坏的，所以B选项‘解释人类活动如何对珊瑚礁群落构成威胁’为正确答案。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一个反问句表明珊瑚礁适合在低养料的清澈海水中生长。确定A选项符合题意。珊瑚礁很难在浅水滩边繁殖，所以B选项错误，排除。人类活动导致海水中的养料增加，而并非增加了海水的温度，从而破坏了珊瑚礁的栖息地，C选项错误，排除。食草动物数量的不稳定并不是珊瑚礁生长造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破坏的一种表现，D选项错误，排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型症状是食草动物种群的不稳定，以及藻类和滤食性动物数量的增加。”确定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是为了说明珊瑚礁减少的特征。A选项正确。

4.细节判断题。根据文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.农业、刀耕火种、污水处理以及制造业向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，从而增加了海水的营含量。”和“Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁对养料排入海水中发生的微妙变化很敏感，随着人口的增加，排放到海水的养料也随之増加，珊瑚礁的数量也就减少了。”可知人类排放的垃圾增加了海水的营养含量，从而威胁着珊瑚礁的生长。D选项符合题意。

5.推理判断题。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少养料的海水中生长，是因为有一种叫虫黄藻的水藻与它共生。虫黄藻能够与珊瑚礁的粪便进行光合作用，从而又为珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，尽管在食物资源极度缺乏的环境下，珊瑚礁也能够生长。所以C选项‘它们能够在食物资源有限的环境中生存’符合题意。

12.单选题

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

问题1选项

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

问题2选项

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出问题：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（为什么基金会集中支持基础研究而不是应用研究？），具体介绍基础研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（应用研究是为了解决具体的实际问题而进行的，它具有吸引力，因为可以直接看到和享受成果。），具体讲述应用研究。这篇文章分别介绍了这两种研究并且进行对比，由此推断本文的主旨是“基础研究与应用研究”。因此D选项正确。

2.分析文章的行文结构

本文的行文逻辑是“A—B”，分别讲述基础研究和应用研究，因此D选项正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“基础研究的重要性”：基础研究仅仅是第一段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。

B选项“对X射线的不了解”：关键词X-rays对应第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，这个例子用来支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofba