考研考博-英语-安徽三联学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽三联学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

很多人认为没有兄弟姐妹的孩子很幸运，因为他们可以得到物质享受和别人的注意。但是想一想独生子女没有隐私---父母总是感觉自己有权知道发生在他或她生活中的一切。身为独生子女的第二个缺点是缺少某些优势，而这恰恰是有兄弟姐妹的孩子所拥有的。独生子女无法因为事情出错而责备兄弟姐妹，或是索要哥哥姐姐以前曾被给予的特权。此外，独生子女也失去了兄弟姐妹的陪伴。结果就是孤独，以及在日后的生活中交朋友也会遇到麻烦，因为他们从未学过与兄弟或姐妹相处。

【答案】Manypeoplebelievethatchildrenwithoutsiblingsareverylucky,becausetheyhaveaccesstohighermaterialcomfortandmoreattentions.However,singlechildren,generallyspeaking,arenotentitledtoprivacyrightbecauseparentsalwaysthinktheymustlearnaboutwhattheirchildrenhavemetanddone.Beingsinglechildren,theywillbelackofsomeadvantagesthatthosehavingsiblingspossess,suchasblamingsiblingsforhavingdonewrongandclaimingsomeprivilegeswhichelderbrothersorsistershaveaswellasbeingaccompaniedbythem.Asaresult,fortheyfeellonelyandhavenoexperiencesgettingalongwithsiblings,singlechildrenwillencounterdifficultyinmakingfriendsinthefuture.

2.单选题

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans-whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficialnamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

58.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

59.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar______.

60.ThehindlegofBasilosauruswasasignificantfindbecauseitshowedthatBasilosaurus______.

61.ItcanbeinferredthatBasilosaurusbredandgavebirthinwhichofthefollowinglocations?

问题1选项

A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

C.Theylivedintheseaonly.

D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

问题2选项

A.hearingstructures

B.adaptationsfordiving

C.skullshapes

D.breedinglocations

问题3选项

A.livedlaterthanAmbulocetusnatans

B.livedatthesametimeasPakicetus

C.wasabletoswimwell

D.couldnothavewalkedonland

问题4选项

A.Onland.

B.Bothonlandandatsea.

C.Inshallowwater.

D.Inamarineenvironment.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从第1段中可以推断出关于早期海獭的哪一项？”。根据第一段第四句However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.（然而，不像海獭和鳍足类动物，如海豹、海狮和海象，它们的四肢既能在陆地上也能在海上活动，很难想象第一批鲸鱼长什么样）可知，第一批鲸鱼不像海獭和鳍足类动物一样，它们只能在海里活动，所以很难想象它们的样子，从而反推，想象早期的海獭是什么样子没有那么难，故A项“不难想象它们长什么样”正确，由此也可知C项“他们只住在海里”与原文不符；第一段都没有提到早期海獭的数量及其化石，B项“数量巨大”和D项“他们没有留下很多化石遗迹”不选。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“巴基鲸和现代鲸目动物也有类似的……”。根据第三段第三句Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.（这个头骨与鲸类动物相似，但它的下颚骨缺少现代鲸鱼用来接收水下声音的、充满脂肪或油的扩大空间。）可知，Pakicetus化石有和现代鲸目动物相似的头骨，C项“头骨形状”正确；第三段第四句提到Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.（巴基鲸可能像陆地哺乳动物一样通过耳孔探测声音。）可知，巴基鲸的听力结构可能和陆地哺乳动物一样，但现代鲸目动物是海洋哺乳生物，故A项“听力结构”错误；第三段最后两句指出IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.（据推测，巴基鲸以浅水鱼类为食，尚未适应在开阔的海洋中生活。它可能在陆地上繁殖和繁殖。）可知，巴基鲸并不能在海中生活更别说潜水，而且它们在陆地上繁殖，现代鲸目动物并不能在陆地上繁殖，所以B项“对潜水的适应能力”和D项“繁殖地点”均错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“龙王鲸的后肢是一个重要的发现，因为它表明龙王鲸……”。根据题干关键词hindleg可定位到文章最后两句Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（这样的后肢太小了，根本无法在陆地上支撑50英尺长的龙王鲸。龙王鲸无疑是一种完全的海洋鲸鱼，有着可能没有功能或退化的后腿。），由此可推测，龙王鲸因为后肢太小而不能支撑自己的身体，所以它不能在陆地上行走，是一种完全的海洋生物，所以D项“不能在陆地上行走”正确；A项“生活的时期比陆行鲸晚”，最后一段并未提及龙王鲸和陆行鲸生活的时期先后的比较，所以A项并不能从文中推断出来；B项“和巴基鲸生活在同一时期”，最后一段提到Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.（这种鲸鱼生活在大约4000万年前，比巴基鲸晚1200万年。）可知，B项与原文不符；C项“游的很好”，文中虽然说龙王鲸是一种完全的海洋生物，但是并没有信息可以推敲出它游的很好，C项过度推断。因此，该题选择D项正确。

61.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以推断，龙王鲸是在以下哪个地点繁殖和分娩的？”。文章最后一句指出Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.（龙王鲸无疑是一种完全的海洋鲸鱼，有着可能没有功能或退化的后腿。）可知，龙王鲸是在海洋里面生活的，A项“在陆地上”和B项“陆上和海上都有”因此错误；文章并没有强调或者提及龙王鲸到底是生活在海洋的浅水区还是深水区，所以只能推断龙王鲸是在海洋环境中繁殖和分娩的，D项“在海洋环境中”正确，C项“在浅水区”太片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.填空题

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Menareveryclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofclothesreflectbasicqualitiesof

A

B

C

D

stabilityandreliability?

【答案】Cveryclever改为tooclever

【解析】【考查点】固定句型。

【解题思路】too...to是固定句型，意思为“太……而不能”，指的是男性非常聪明，不会让自己被服装设计师欺骗，因此C部分应为tooclever。

【句意】如果对比男性和女性对于时尚的看法，得出的结论显而易见。男性很聪明，不会让自己被时装设计师欺骗。他们不变的服装款式是否反映了稳定可靠的基本品质呢？

4.单选题

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastandhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates（灵长目动物）some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign（宜人的）globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged（）.

2.Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate（）.

3.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution（）.

4.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat（）.

5.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

问题2选项

A.isgoingthroughafundamentalchange

B.hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years

C.willeventuallychangefromhottocold

D.hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges

问题3选项

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hadhadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges

问题4选项

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture

问题5选项

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第—段指出:Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease(在迫使自己周边的很多动物几乎绝灭后，人类被迫放弃旧的生活方式而选择导致大范围饥荒和疾病的全新生存策略),因此选A:放弃自己向前的生活方式。

2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears(研究者己开始去拼凑一副有启示性的图片，展示了强大的地质和天文力量，这些力量共同改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，再到几亿年前的某个时期)。由此可知D“已经历阶段性的变化”正确。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit(一些科学家认为，人类的历史确实不仅受全球气候变化的影响，且在某些情况下还受到它的推动),由此可知C项“很大程度上受气候变化的影响”正确。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事实上，过去气候变化的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化。”知C项“地球的气候在将来必然会显著地变化”正确。

5.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity(事实上，过去气候变化的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化),由此可知作者想要传递的信息是:人类在而对气候的巨大变化吋实际上是无助的。

5.翻译题

Nowwehavesteppedintotheinformationsociety.Theinformationindustrydevelopsveryrapidly.However,therearealsoalotofproblems:thehackers,trick-playingteensandinternet-basedcriminals.Thus,informationsocietybecomesanimportantissue.Informationleakagemayhurtalotofdepartments,suchasrelatedauthorities,enterprises,organizationsorinstitutes,aswellasindividuals.

【答案】现在我们已经步入了信息社会。信息产业发展非常迅速。然而，也有很多问题：黑客、恶作剧的青少年和网络犯罪分子。因此，信息社会成为一个重要的问题。信息泄露可能会给很多部门造成伤害，如相关当局、企业、组织或机构以及个人。

6.单选题

_____inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.

问题1选项

A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen

B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular

C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite

D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。as引导的让步状语从句，一般将形容词，名词等提前，使用部分倒装。A、B、C选项语序错误。D选项符合部分倒装形式，将表语提前。因此，本题正确答案为D项。句意：尽管白色礼服在过去并不流行，但是现在却是最为流行的婚纱颜色。

7.单选题

Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology,thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirculture.Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.Intheirsystematicexamination,researchersinallbranchesofanthropologyfollowthesamebasicsteps.Themethodcalledparticipantobservationismostwidespread,althoughothertechniquesareusedaswell.Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.Afterspecifichypotheseshavebeendeveloped,theresearchergathersinformationtolestthem,oftenintheformofsurveysorrecordedinterviews.Finally,theanthropologistorganizeswilltheinformationandevaluatesthehypothesesinlightofthedata.Theconclusionsoftenformthebasisofarticlesforscientificjournals,booksandlectures.

1.Theparagraphprecedingthispassagemostlikelydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,investigationintohumantraitsleadsto（）.

3.Inline9,theitalicizedword“copious”mostcloselymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefirststepintheparticipantobservationmethod?

5.Intheline10,theitalicizedword“these”referstowhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.othersocialsciencefields

B.theoriginofanthropology

C.researchinanothersocialscience

D.branchesofanthropology

问题2选项

A.refinementsinhumanproducts

B.betterawarenessofpatternsinhumanconduct

C.systematicexaminationofallanthropologicalfields

D.constantadjustmentstothestepsofbasicresearch

问题3选项

A.ample

B.preliminary

C.outlined

D.specific

问题4选项

A.Selectingacommunitytostudy

B.Developingspecifichypotheses

C.Organizingandevaluatingdata

D.Observingandconservingwithcommunitymembers

问题5选项

A.hypotheses

B.observations

C.notes

D.conversations

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Anotherofthesocialsciencesrelyinguponresearchisanthropology.”可知，另一个依靠研究的社会科学是人类学，说明前文应该已经提到过一种社会科学，因此，A项为正确答案。

2.细节事实题。通过原文第一段“Anthropologicaltheoriesalsoresultfrominvestigationintothecharacteristicsofpeopleandtheirproducts,whichcontributestoabetterunderstandingofthepatternsofhumanbehaviors.”可知，这种研究有助于更好地理解人类行为的模式，which应指代前文中“人类学是对人类特征的研究”这一内容，因此，B项为正确答案。

3.词汇题。由原文第二段可知，这种方法的基本步骤包括：首先进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员信息。然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。因此，根据逻辑意义可知，调查研究需要基于大量的事实数据。因此，A项“大量的；丰富的”与“note”最为恰当，copiousnotes表示“详细的笔记”，故正确答案为A。

4.细节事实题。根据原文第二段“Atfirst,theanthropologistentersacommunitytogatherinformationfrommembersoftheircommunitythroughobservationsandconversations.”可知，调查研究的第一步是进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员的信息。因此，D项是正确答案。

5.词汇题。分析these所在句Thefieldworkertakescopiousnotesand,lateron,beginstoposehypothesesfromthesethatwillformthebasisoffurtherresearch.可知，工作人员做了大量的笔记，然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。所以，these指代的应是前文中的copiousnotes，故正确答案是C项。

8.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

问题5选项

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高级经理们有五种方式来使用直觉：1.他们直觉得感到有问题存在；2.他们依靠直觉迅速做出训练有素的行为模式；3.利用直觉来对图片进行加工，对碎片信息进行整合；4.使用直觉来进行理性分析；5.使用直觉来避开深入的分析并立即想出一个可行的方案。选项A符合第五点，选项B符合第一点，选项C符合第三点。因此，选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg调查发现经理们依赖于直觉既不是理性的对立面，也不是反复无常的借口。所以选项D“这些作者误解了在做商业决定时经理们如何使用直觉”符合题意。

3.本题的题干是假设经理X使用直觉做决定，而经理Y使用正式的分析，他们最大的不同是下列哪个选项。文章倒数第二段提到直觉型经理认为思考与形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行为只是确定问题，而不是实施方案，因此选项C符合题意。

4.文章提到直觉型的经理们认为想和做不可分割，高级经理们总是在不同的实际案例中学习更多解决问题的方法，然后利用这些实践得来的方法对问题进行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），选项D符合题意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高级职业经理人不按照传统模式而依靠直觉（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.

问题1选项

A.help

B.safety

C.assist

D.rescue

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.help帮助v./n.B.safety安全n.

C.assist帮助v.；助攻n.D.rescue救援v./n.

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】由空格前的his可知，空格处所填词为名词；原句语义为“当他有危险的时候，没有人来____他”，根据语义推测，有危险的时候需要救助，“没有人来救他”语义最贴切；另外，常用搭配cometoone’srescue表示“营救某人”。因此，D选项rescue“救援v./n.”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项help“帮助v./n.”，没有救助、救援语义贴切；

B选项safety“安全n.”，不符合原句语义搭配；

C选项assist意义为“帮助”时，是动词，不符合要求；当名词时，意义为“助攻”，不符合原句语义搭配。

【句意】当他有危险的时候，没有人来救他。

10.单选题

Several（）forglobalwarminghavebeensuggestedbyclimateresearchers.

问题1选项

A.systems

B.sentences

C.fallacies

D.hypotheses

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。空格处的词应与suggested相近,因此D项hypotheses(假定的)正确。

11.翻译题

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingpro