考研考博-英语-太原城市职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原城市职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

问题1选项

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词用法。B选项much不能直接修饰地名，应改为muchof。

2.单选题

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

问题1选项

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

问题2选项

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

问题3选项

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

问题4选项

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

问题5选项

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第三句话WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第四段倒数第二句话提到在很短的时间内，疾病的常见症状出现了。这些实验证明，这种新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知实验是为了测试病毒的传播和再生的速度。因此选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第四段提到医生用动物来做实验，发现这类病毒再生速度非常快（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第五段第一句话提到这种病毒在其他国家出现之前，最早在中国大陆出现（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章第五段提到这种病毒最早是在中国大陆出现，时间是大约1957年2月份，而被医生发现是在三月份，两个月后通过旅行者传播到了中国香港，然后再传染到新加坡，因此选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

IfJack（）,hewouldnothaveboughtthoseworthlessstocks.

问题1选项

A.wouldhavelistenedtohiswife

B.hadlistenedtohiswife

C.listenedtowhathiswifehadsaid

D.wouldhavelistenedtohiswife’sadvice

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示对现在事实相反的情况，if从句动词用一般过去时。符合语法的只有C项“listenedtowhathiswifehadsaid”（听他妻子说了些什么）。句意：如果杰克……，他就不会买那些毫无价值的股票了，结合句意，C选项正确。因此答案为C选项。

4.单选题

Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.

Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.

Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.

Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.

Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.

1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?

3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair

（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.

问题1选项

A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn

B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits

C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.

D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA

问题2选项

A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.

B.Thecommonfiberaxis.

C.TheX-rayevidence.

D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA

问题3选项

A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup

B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine

C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines

D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine

问题4选项

A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA

B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder

C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular

D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一个非常长的链条，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有规律的交替组合构成。与第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我们人类的DNA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有规律的，不过成对的含氮碱基的任何排序都可以纳入该结构。可知与B选项对应。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物学研究方面我们人类DNA结构令人感兴趣的第一个特征是它由两个链条而不是一个链条组成。可知与A项对应。

3.判断推理题。从第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”这些碱基成对地联结在一起，一条链上的一个碱基与另一条链上的一个碱基氢键连接。重要的一点是，只有某些对碱基才能适合这个结构。一对中的一个成员必须是嘌呤，另一个是嘧啶，以架起两个链之间的沟通桥梁。可知B项“由嘌呤和嘧啶组成的比一对嘧啶大”正确。

4.推理判断题。A项“证实大多数DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B项“反对这样一种说法，即沿着链的碱基序列可以以任何顺序出现”；C项“支持作者模型的磷酸盐-糖骨架是完全规则的这一说法”；D项“强调一条DNA链是如何在DNA复制过程中作为模板被复制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是这种特征表明脱氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我复制。”可知D项正确。

5.单选题

Themeetingwas（

）bytheNationalAssociationofWomenforthepurposeoffurtheringthewomen’sliberationmovement.

问题1选项

A.chaired

B.sponsored

C.participated

D.assigned

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。

句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。

6.单选题

Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.

问题1选项

A.recurrence

B.rejection

C.reluctance

D.refutation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。recurrence循环，重现rejection拒绝，抑制；reluctance勉强，不情愿；refutation反驳，驳斥。句意：他最终同意与我们签订协议，但有些不情愿。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

ThefirstcoinstoappearintheWesternworldwereissuedbytheLydiansandtheIonianGreeksintheeighthcenturyB.C.Thesecoins,whichweremadeofelectrum,anaturalcombinationofgoldandsilver,wereirregularinweightandqualityandapparentlyofprivateissue.ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesus(560-546B.C)providethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury,wasgenerallyadoptedinthemiddleoftheseventeenthcentury.

Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.AnartisticmasterpieceofamuchlaterperiodisthesilvertalermintedinRatisbon,southernGermany,in1754.

Thevalueofacoinisnotprimarilydeterminedbyitsage,asmanypeopleseemtothink.ManyGreekandRomancoinsthatwereissuedinabundancecanbepurchasedforamoderateprice.Ontheotherhand,aGermancoinmadeofshrapnelduringtheFirstWorldWarisveryrareandvaluable.AmongtheespeciallyrareUnitedStatescoinsarethe1804silverdollar,the1822five-dollargoldpiece,andthe1894silverdime.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayNOTberightaboutthecoinsmadeinLydiaduringthereignofCroesus?

2.TheauthorityspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingspecificfeaturesoftheSyracusedekadrachmEXCEPTits（

）.

3.TheauthormakesitclearthattheSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantalermentionedinthepassageare

（

）.

4.LeonardodeVinciismentionedinthepassageinconnectionwith

（

）.

5.Theauthormakesitclearthatcoinsmadebymachineare（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereissuedbythegovernment

B.Theyweregivenstandardvalues

C.Theywereallofequalpurity

D.Theywereallalikeinshape

问题2选项

A.appearance

B.scarcity

C.value

D.age

问题3选项

A.handmadeWesterncoins

B.worthaboutathousanddollarseachtoday

C.madeoutofdifferentmetals

D.notedfortheircraftsmanship

问题4选项

A.thefirstgovernmentissueofcoins

B.theartisticaspectofcoinmaking

C.coinsissuedinthesixteenthcentury

D.theproductionofuniformcoins

问题5选项

A.usuallyofgreatervaluethanhandmadecoins

B.moreuniforminsizeandshapethanhandmadecoins

C.availableinlargequantitiesthanhandmadecoins

D.generallysuperiorinworkmanshiptohandmadecoins

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的ThepuregoldandsilvercoinswithrelatedvalueswhichappearedduringthereignofCroesusprovidethefirstundoubtedevidenceofstandardcoinagebystateauthority.（克里萨斯国王统治时期出现的具有相关价值的纯金和银币，为国家当局提供了第一个毫无疑问的标准铸币证据）可知A、B、C的选项正确，因此选D。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）和第二段中的ThesilverdekadrachmfromSyracuse,struckabout413B.C.,isconsideredoneofthefinestGreekcoinsandisworthmorethanathousanddollarstoday.（来自希腊库扎的银质硬币铸造于公元前413年，被认为是希腊最好的硬币之一，价值超过1000美元）可知提到了这个银币的不足、价值以及年龄，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段句首提到Oneshouldnotassume,however,thatonlymachine-madecoinsareprizedfortheirworkmanship.（然而，人们不应该认为只有机器制造的硬币才是有价值的），紧接着以theSyracusandekadrachmandtheGermantaler举例，是为了说明手工制作的硬币具有很大的价值，因此选D。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thetrendtowardcompletemathematicalsymmetrydidnot,infact,beginuntilthecoiningpress,inventedbyLeonardodaVinciinthesixteenthcentury（事实上，完全数学对称的趋势直到十六世纪莱昂纳多•达•芬奇发明的印压机才开始）可知B选项“硬币制作的工艺”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Thecoinswerenotperfectlyshaped,however,fortheywerestruckwithahand-wieldedhammer.（然而，这些硬币的形状并不完美，因为它们是用手握着的锤子敲打的）可知以前手工制作的硬币在形状大小存在不足，机械制造出来的银币其形状大小是统一的，因此选B。

8.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon为固定搭配，意为“不理会……，不肯给予……帮助”。句意：句意：她对我一直很好，现在她需要我的帮助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（1）awaror（2）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（3）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（4）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneytoreturnthedebtsofthegovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（5）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationwilloccurwhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.Ifpeoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoodsliketelevisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillbetheresult,industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（6）thedemand,（7）ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh（8）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkers'wages（9）tosuitthehighcostofliving,industrywillmeetthisdemandandaddothercostsofproductiononthe（10）.Ofthesethreecauses,excessivegovernmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.pay

B.finance

C.rouse

D.provide

问题2选项

A.carryoff

B.carryaway

C.carryout

D.carry,over

问题3选项

A.accomplish

B.offset

C.compensate

D.achieve

问题4选项

A.expand

B.extend

C.expend

D.offend

问题5选项

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.approximately

D.appropriately

问题6选项

A.supply

B.imply

C.occupy

D.meet

问题7选项

A.Otherwise

B.Hence

C.However

D.Moreover

问题8选项

A.interests

B.interested

C.interesting

D.interest

问题9选项

A.shouldincrease

B.beincreased

C.areincreased

D.willbeincreased

问题10选项

A.employer

B.manager

C.employee

D.consumer

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:D

【解析】（1）根据句意可知,这里指资助战争,只有选项B能与之搭配。

（2）carryoff夺去,使丧命；carryaway运走,使失去自制力；carryout实施,执行；carryover留到以后处理,继续存在。能与社会项目搭配的只有选项C。

（3）offsetthedeficit为固定搭配,指“弥补财政赤字”,选项B正确。

（4）根据句意：财政部可以通过发行更多的纸币,简单地扩大货币供应,以此来偿还政府的债务来。只有选项A符合句意。

（5）excessively过分地,极度；automatically自动地；approximately大约,近似地；appropriately适当地,相称地”。句意：货币供应量的增加将使美元随之贬值。这种变化是无意识的,所以选项B更恰当。

（6）meetthedemand为固定搭配,指“满足需求”,选项D正确。

（7）结合上下文,上句提到如果人们有更多的钱就会扩大消费,导致物资缺乏,工厂会扩大生产,提高价格来满足需求；下句提到如果人们看到商品价格上涨也会买,甚至不惜借高利贷来支付。下句讲述更深一层的结果,前后构成递进的关系,所以选项D正确。

（8）interestrates为常用词组搭配,意为“利率”,选项D正确。

（9）考查虚拟语气,虚拟语气中与将来事实相反,从句中用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。这里wages与increase是被动关系,所以选项B正确。

（10）根据句意可知,企业提高工人工资,将产品成本转移到了顾客也就是消费者的身上,选项D符合原文语境。

10.单选题

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenriotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.（43）ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestartupfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword,“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal.

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness.

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness.

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion.

问题2选项

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

问题3选项

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.willpower

问题4选项

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

问题5选项

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue.

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked.

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle.

D.Failureoftenaccompaniesfatigue.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由关键词evilcircle定位到第一段itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.这是一个恶性循环。失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知B项“失败-疲劳-失败-疲劳”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.们主要通过两种方式来体验这种疲劳:启动疲劳和表现疲劳。在前一种情况下，我们总是拖延不得不做的事情。要么因为它太单调乏味，要么因为它太难，我们都避免它。我们拖延的时间越长，我们就会感到越累。可知当一个人一直拖延一项任务时，他经历的是启动性疲劳。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:Willpowerexercise.补救措施显而易见，尽管可能不容易实施:意志力锻炼。可知为了克服启动性疲劳，我们需要的是意志力。故D项正确。

4.词义题。Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.and并列连词，and前后表示的内容性质一致，故可由and后面的内容来推知前面，and后面的内容是“不管我们多么努力，我们一次又一次地失败。”故insurmountable意为不可克服的，不可跨越的，A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第四段Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.表现疲劳更难克服。这种情况下我们愿意开始，但是我们似乎不能把工作做好。可知AB两项正确。由第四段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.失败的经验越来越多，精神疲劳的负担也越来越重。以及Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知D项“疲劳经常伴随着疲劳”符合本文描述。C选项Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle（一个人在经历了邪恶的循环之后，最终会成功）来自第一段，但第一段中并未提及“经历这个循环后就会成功”，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

11.单选题

Harvardiscommittedto

ongoingcommunicationandcooperationasprojectplansare______.

问题1选项

A.maintain,shaping

B.maintaining,shaping

C.maintain,shaped

D.maintaining,shaped

【答案】B

【解析】考查词语辨析。句中存在一个固定表达becommittedto+n./doing“致力于；献身于”，因此排除A和C选项。过去分词表示已完成，现在分词表示正在进行。根据句意：哈佛大学致力于在项目计划进行过程中保持交流与合作。因此B选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.

问题1选项

A.decompose

B.decode

C.enlighten

D.enclose

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。Decompose“分解，腐烂”；decode“解密，破译”；enlighten“启示”；enclose“围绕，装入”。句意：他们设法破译了敌人的密电，从而赢得了胜利。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

问题1选项

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

问题2选项

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

问题3选项

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

问题4选项

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】75.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfof