考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽建筑大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheAmericansdifferfromtheChineseintheirabilityto________conversationswithstrangers.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.enterinto

C.pickup

D.turndown

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“隐瞒，退缩，抑制，阻止”；B选项“进入”；C选项“捡起，获得，收拾”；D选项“调小，拒绝”。句意：美国人和中国人在与（）陌生人交谈的能力上有所不同。根据关键词：conversationswithstrangers，搭配最准确的是enterinto所以答案选B。

2.单选题

Frank’sremarkthathewas“slightlybruised”intheaccidentisa/an______;hesufferedtwofracturedribs.

问题1选项

A.synecdoche

B.metonymy

C.understatement

D.personification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项synecdoche“提喻法”，B项metonymy“转喻”，C项understatement“保守的陈述，不充分的陈述”，D项personification“人格化，化身，拟人法”。根据hesufferedtwofracturedribs“他两根肋骨骨折”可知，Frank’sremarkthathewas“slightlybruised”intheaccidentisa/an______表示的是“弗兰克说他在事故中有轻微擦伤只是保守的陈述”。句意：弗兰克说他在事故中有“轻微瘀伤”是轻描淡写的；他两根肋骨骨折。因此，该题选择C项正确。

3.单选题

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:自那次试验失败后，他诉诸武力。

resolve:决心，分解;recur:复发，重视，再发生;exert:运用，发挥。resort:求助，诉诸。此句是个强调句型，强调是状语。Resortto诉诸,求助于。故D项符合句意。

4.填空题

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethasbeenunexpectedgreat,partly

becauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvestsinNorthAmericaisnowbeing

followedbyathird.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bunexpected改为unexpectedly

【解析】【考查点】副词。

【解题思路】此句为主系表结构，形容词great为表语，B部分修饰great，应为副词，unexpectedly的意思为“出乎意料地”，符合语境。

【句意】世界粮食市场最近的出口盈余增长出人意料地大，部分原因是北美粮食连续两次大丰收之后，现在又出现了第三次大丰收。

5.单选题

Nuclearweaponsarenottheonlyexplosiveforce（）civilization.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.brightening

C.strengthening

D.threatening

【答案】D

【解析】句意:核武器不是威胁人类文明的唯一爆破力。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式作explosiveforce的后置定语。frighten使惊吓,吓唬;brighten(使)更明亮,色彩鲜艳,(使)快活起来;strengthen加强,巩固;threaten威胁,恐吓。因此D符合句意。

6.单选题

Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.

Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.

InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.

AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.

Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.

1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.

4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.

B.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothink

C.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.

D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.

问题2选项

A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.

B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.

C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.

D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.

问题3选项

A.thosewhomakenogestures

B.thosewhogesturecorrectly

C.thosewhogesturewrongly

D.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly

问题4选项

A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.

B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

C.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturing

D.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘为什么SusanGoldin-Meadow要进行这样的研究?’根据文章第一段第三句与第四句的“Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis.研究认为手势不仅能帮助人们进行交流，而且还帮助他们去思考。她打算通过实验来证明这些研究”确定C选项‘测试手势帮助人们进行交流和思考‘正确。A选项’测试手势仅仅帮助人们进行交流‘、B选项‘测试仅仅帮助人们进行思考‘只提及了一部分，不正确；D选项’测试手势帮助人们进行交流而不进行思考‘与原文不符。

2.推断题。题目提问‘我们能从第一段推断出什么?’A选项‘人类语言是无止境的科学研究的主题’是第一段中直接提出的，不是推断出的，排除；B选项‘意大利人表示无语的方式是手腕放在—起’与文中的“ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether.人们有时开玩笑说，让意大利人闭嘴的方法是将他们的手腕绑在一起’意思不符，排除；C选项‘在交谈的时候都会做出一些意义丰富的手势’与“almosteveryone几乎所有人”不符排除；根据文章第一段第一句“Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.人类语言一直是科学研究的主题，但伴随语言而来的手势却出人意料地被忽视了。”推断出D选项‘对伴随讲话的手势研究还不尽人意‘正确。

3.细节题。题目提问‘根据苏珊的研究，学到最少的小孩可能是……。’根据文中倒数第二段最后两句“itwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly”stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.研究发现手势正确的小孩学到的最多。但是也发现手势不正确的小孩学到的仍然比没有使用手势的小孩多”确定A选项‘没有做手势的那些小孩’正确。

4.细节题。题目提问‘这篇文章的最后一句话可能是指……。’根据文章最后一句“Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.的确，它是如此发人深省，以至于即使是错误的姿态也有一定的价值。”确定B选项‘正确的和错误的手势都能激励学习’正确。

7.单选题

Itwas（）thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。addict“上瘾的”；allege“宣称，断言”；assault“攻击，袭击”；ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。句意：据称，这家饭店歧视黑人顾客。B项符合题意。

8.单选题

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

问题1选项

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

问题2选项

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

问题3选项

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

问题4选项

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

问题5选项

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段主要列举的大量的实例说明新兴的联盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了这些新兴联盟的任务和工作。第三段讲到了新兴联盟在交通和土地使用问题上发挥作用。最后一段主要表达了政府也开始关注这些社会上的新兴力量。所以正篇文章围绕新兴的联盟展开。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知农民和农村活动人士都意识到，不协调的郊区扩张会带来不必要的成本。所以城市发展的问题在于郊区不协调而不受控制的扩张。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他们选择修复现有的基础设施，投资公共交通，保护开放空间，而不是修建更多的道路。可判断出他们关心的问题是关于保留空间，而不是空间的探索利用。选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列举了查塔努加、波特兰和圣路易斯的领导人在交通和土地方面的措施，进一步说明了新城市联盟对交通和土地利用问题方面产生影响。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知几个州府已经意识到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各种改革措施来给予支持。然后下文继续列举并介绍了州府采取的改革和管理措施。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Inwhat（）toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.

问题1选项

A.applies

B.accounts

C.attaches

D.amounts

【答案】D

【解析】辨析题。applyto应用于；accountto对...做出解释；attachto联系；amountsto导致。句意：在最后一分钟,

导致延迟处决的是委员会宣布应急基金将使两颗已使用多年的卫星继续运行。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.

问题1选项

A.liberal

B.literate

C.literal

D.literacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。liberal“自由主义的，慷慨的”；literate“受过教育的，精通文学的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻译往往不是最贴近原文意思的翻译。只有D项符合句意。

11.单选题

Formostthinkerssince（theGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexiststhatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.

Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人类学）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate（天生的）humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.

Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablytiesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.

1.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings

（

）.

3.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinkerinorderto

（

）.

4.Theword“untenable”inthelastparagraph（Line3）ofthepassagemostprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheory

B.thehistoricalapproachtoman

C.newinsightintohumanbehavior

D.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery

问题2选项

A.havesometraitsincommon

B.arebornwithdiversecultures

C.arebornwithoutafixednature

D.changetheircharactersastheygrowup

问题3选项

A.Emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature’’

B.showthattheconceptofhumannaturewasusedtojustifysocialevils

C.provethatliehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"

D.supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired

问题4选项

A.invaluable

B.imaginable

C.changeable

D.indefensible

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段“Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.最近人们开始对人性本质的传统观点产生质疑。其中一个理由就是人们越来越重视人类历史研究方法与途径。”可知人性本质的传统观点遭到历史研究方法的挑战。故答案B

第2题:细节理解题。根据第二段“Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.一项对人类历史的研究表明，我们这个时代的人与以前的人是如此不同，以至于认为每个时代的人都有可以称为‘共同的人性之处’似乎是不现实的。”可知C项正确，答案C

第3题:推理判断题。由题干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.另一个促使人们倾向于否定固定人性假设的因素是，这一概念经常被滥用，被用作大多数不人道行为的挡箭牌。”可知答案B

第4题:词义题。invaluable“无价的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；changeable“易变的”；indefensible“站不住脚的”。由“Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.一旦人类开始被看作是在进化过程中发展起来的，那么包含在人类本质中的一种物质的观点就似乎站不住脚了。答案D

12.单选题

Twonewsphotographerswereattackedbythemob,andtheircamerasweresmashed.Itisdisgracefulthattheywereso______.

问题1选项

A.obsessed

B.deviated

C.despised

D.maltreated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obsess“使痴迷，使迷恋，使心神不宁”，B项deviate“脱离，越轨”，C项despise“轻视，鄙视”，D项maltreat“虐待，滥用，粗暴对待”。根据第一句的句意“两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了”可知，maltreated符合语境。句意：两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了；他们受到如此虐待是可耻的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.单选题

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermarket(orfarmer'smarket).

Theexplosionin（1）produceandotherfoodsduringthelastfewyearshasbeenanextremely（2）developmentinthefoodindustry.However,（3）stillexistsaboutexactlywhattheorganic（4）means.

Doyouknowthedifferencebetweenacerealthat's“organic,100%organic”,and“madewithorganic（5）?TheUSDAhasclearlydefinedstandardsthat（6）whichofthoselabelscanlegallygoonyourraisinbran.Youcanlearnmoreaboutthem.

Organicfoodsaregreat,butthejuryisstillverymuchout（7）anothernewdevelopmentinthefoodworld:genetically（8）organisms(GMOs).Nooneknowsforcertaintheshortand（9）effectsoftheseproductsofgeneengineering,（10）there'sachancetheycouldleadtothe（11）creationof“superweeds”or（12）withnaturalplantstocks,formoreinformationonGMOs,werecommendvisiting.

（13）you’reshopping,don’tforgettoconsiderthecompaniesbehindthe（14）names.Onecerealcompanymightbeanenvironmentalchampion,（15）theothermanufacturesitscornflakesvia（16）environmentalpractices.Aneasywaytocomparetwocompaniesistouse（17）suchas.Theypresentboththegoodandbadsidesofeverycompanythey（18）,andtheygradehundredsofcompaniesonsocial,ethicalandenvironmentalissues.

Remember:（19）consciousshoppingisapowerfultoolforeffectingchange.Youcanmakeadifferenceeverytimeyoufillyour（20）cart.

问题1选项

A.green

B.organic

C.healthy

D.optional

问题2选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.active

D.passive

问题3选项

A.controversy

B.contribution

C.conversion

D.confusion

问题4选项

A.label

B.mark

C.word

D.food

问题5选项

A.components

B.genes

C.ingredients

D.compositions

问题6选项

A.determine

B.illustrate

C.recommend

D.demonstrate

问题7选项

A.in

B.to

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.moved

B.modified

C.modeled

D.motivated

问题9选项

A.long-run

B.long-term

C.long-day

D.long-distance

问题10选项

A.while

B.and

C.but

D.or

问题11选项

A.unconditional

B.unexceptional

C.unintentional

D.uncontroversial

问题12选项

A.interfere

B.intervene

C.interact

D.intrude

问题13选项

A.Anytime

B.Anytime

C.Sometime

D.Sometime

问题14选项

A.brand

B.code

C.product

D.family

问题15选项

A.when

B.while

C.as

D.because

问题16选项

A.constructive

B.destructive

C.instructive

D.obstructive

问题17选项

A.sights

B.addresses

C.sites

D.webs

问题18选项

A.profit

B.profile

C.propose

D.protect

问题19选项

A.socially

B.conditionally

C.morally

D.environmentally

问题20选项

A.nursery

B.grocery

C.bakery

D.stationery

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）句意：在过去的几年里，产品和其他食品急剧增长。根据下文多次organic可知选项B符合原文。

（2）根据原文可知，有机物产品和其他食品上的急剧增长对食品业的发展产生的是积极的影响。选项A正确。

（3）controversy论争，论战，辩论；contribution贡献；conversion对话；confusion混淆。上一句提到积极影响，立马转折，说明这里指存在着争议。选项A符合句意。

（4）label标签；mark标志。将organic描述为标签更恰当，指对这一类产品的分类。

（5）components零件，构成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions写作，作曲。根据原文可知，这里指有机产品的成分。

（6）determine确定，决定；illustrate举例说明，阐明；recommend推荐，劝告；demonstrate证实，证明。句意：美国农业部已经制定了明确的标准，确定哪些标签可以合法地贴在葡萄和麦片上。选项A符合句意。

（7）句意：有机食品是很不错，但是评审委员对食品行业的另外一种创新产品依旧知之甚少。这里的on指对于，关于。选项D正确。

（8）geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意为转基因生物。

（9）long-run长远的；long-term长期的；long-day搭配错误；long-distance长距离的。句意：没有人确切知道这些基因工程产品的短期和长期的影响。选项B符合原文。

（10）根据上下文句意可知这里表示转折，所以用but。

（11）unconditional无条件的，绝对的，无限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional无心的，无意识的；uncontroversial不会引起争议的。句意：也有可能生成一种的创新产品“超级种子”。选项D符合原文。

（12）interfere妨碍，抵触，冲突，介入；intervene干涉，调停；internet互相作用，互相影响；intrude强挤入，闯入，侵入。句意：或者会农作物的自然生长。选项A符合原文。

（13）Anytime任何时候，无论何时；Anytime在任何时候；Sometime在某一时候，有时；Sometime一段时间。句意：当你购物的时候，请不要忘了考虑商标背后的生产商。选项A符合原文。

（14）brandname为固定搭配，指商标。

（15）前后两个句子形成对比，所以用while更恰当。

（16）constructive建设性的，有益的；destructive破坏的，消极的，毁灭性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。两个句子形成对比，上句是环保，下句当然是破坏环境，所以选项B符合原文。

（17）suchas后面的内容是一串网址，所以本题选C。sights见解，看法；addresses地址；sites网址，站点；webs网络。

（18）句意：这些网址展示了它们所描述的每家公司的优缺点。profit获利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出……的轮廓；propose计划，建议；protect保护。选项B符合原文。

（19）socially在社交方面，在社会地位上；conditionally附有条件地；morally正常地；environmentally有关环境方面。句意：具有意识的消费是实现改变的强大工具。根据上文可知选项D正确。

（20）nursery护士；grocery杂货；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次装满购物车的时候都有所作为。grocerycart为常用搭配，指购物车。选项B正确。

14.翻译题

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【参考译文】

几乎每一种媒体，包括电视、报纸和杂志，都把许多焦点放在名人的私生活上。公众似乎对这类新闻一直感兴趣。然而，我认为媒体有责任以公正的观点报道时事，并尊重公众人物的生活。因此，我认为媒体确实过分关注名人的私生活。

因为有些人对公众人物的生活很着迷，所以有些媒体就专门报道这个话题。他们可以通过购买针对歌迷发行的杂志和观看电视节目的娱乐新闻来满足自己的好奇心。一般媒体应该提供所有类型的信息，因为人们的兴趣各不相同。此外，老是纠缠于名人的私生活会让人们比平时更关注这些事情。也许最重要的是，媒体应该尊重每个人的隐私，包括公众人物的隐私。他们可能选择了出现在公众的视线中，但那并不表示大众有权知道他们的一切。此外，许多关于名人的故事都是不真实的；它们只是用来增加杂志和其他媒体销量的八卦报道。那些不实的报道不仅对名人不公平，还会误导公众。

基于所有这些理由，我认为媒体应该多关注公众人物私生活以外的事情。通过这种方式，他们可以吸引更广泛的受众，并鼓励人们培养其他兴趣。在我看来，目前的媒体过于关注公众人物以及他们的私生活。

15.不定项选择题

I.(LegalHistory)

Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.Thefirstisstrongemphasisontherulebylaw(byalargeandrelativelyefficientbureaucracy)butwithlittleconstraintontheemperor.Second,politicaldictatorshipbasedonideologicalmonopoly.Third,localgovernmentsareorganizedinasystemcalledprefecturesandcounties.Thefourthfeatureisthepersonnelsystemforpublicofficesthatreliedfirstonrecommendationandthenonstandardexams.

“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.Legalismschool,whichisveryattractivetodictators,wasemployedbytheQinStateintheirquesttounifythecountry.ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant.ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesfor