考研考博-英语-太原科技大学华科学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原科技大学华科学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ihelpedhimcleanthefloor______theunderstandingthatIwouldberewarded.

问题1选项

A.through

B.by

C.in

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项through“通过”，B项by“通过，由”，C项in“在……里”，D项on“在……上”。根据句子可知，ontheunderstandingthat固定搭配，表示“如果，在……条件上”。句意：如果我可以得到奖励那么我可以帮他打扫地板。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.翻译题

什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都对它作出过不少的论述。幸福是一种心境、一种感觉，是心里欲望得到满足时的状态，是感到生活有巨大乐趣并自然而然地希望它持续久远的愉快心情。有些人穷其一生却找不到幸福，而有些人则时刻被幸福光环所围绕。这是因为幸福的人有一颗感知幸福的心，有一双善于发现幸福的眼睛。对于这样的人，一切都显得美好。房后清风做琴，檐下雨露为弦，屋顶鸟啾如歌，天上月光当酒。幸福简单又深奥，玄妙又简洁。所以要想得到幸福就要有一种如水心态，在平淡中寻找幸福，在细微中品味幸福。幸福有时就是一个分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫过于减少分母，增加分子。

【答案】Whatishappiness?Manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussionaboutitatalltimes.Happinessisakindofmood,afeeling,astatewhendesiresintheheartissatisfied,orahappymoodwhichfeelsthegreatjoyoflifeandhopesthatitcanlastforalongtimenaturally.Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesbutcannotfindhappiness,whileothersarealwayssurroundedbyit.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveaheartwhichcanperceivehappiness,andapairofeyeswhichisgWhatishappiness?Ancientandmodern,manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussiononit.Happinessisamood,afeeling,astateofmindinwhichthedesiresoftheheartaresatisfied,ajoyfulmoodinwhichonefeelsthatlifehasgreatpleasuresandnaturallywantsthemtolast.Somepeoplegothroughlifewithoutfindinghappiness,whileothersaresurroundedbyahaloofhappiness.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveahearttoperceivehappiness,andapairofeyesgoodatfindinghappiness.Fortheseperson,alliswell.Behindthehouse,windasalyre;undertheeaves,rainanddewasastring;ontheroof,birdstweetlikeasong;andinthesky,moonlightaswine.Happinessissimpleandprofound,mysteriousandconcise.Soifyouwanttogethappiness,youshouldhaveamentalitylikewater,lookingforhappinessintheplain,andtastinghappinessinthesubtle.Happinessissometimesafraction,desireisthedenominator,whilegainsisthenumerator.Ifyouwantmorehappiness,thebestwayistoreducethedenominatorandincreasethenumerator.

3.单选题

Shehadclearlyno（）ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.

问题1选项

A.tendency

B.ambition

C.intention

D.willingness

【答案】C

【解析】句意:虽然给她的报酬丰厚，但她无意去工作。

考查名词辨析。Tendency（事物发展的）倾向，趋势,常和to或towards搭配,不修饰人；ambition抱负，志向，常和不定式或介词of搭配；intention打算，意图，目的，常和不定式或介词of搭配；willingness乐意，心甘情愿。因此C无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题目要求。

4.填空题

Mikeleft（

）sayinggoodbye.Doyouthinkhewasupset?

【答案】Without

【解析】语义题。句意:迈克道别就走了。你认为他是不是生气了？迈克可能是因为生气，于是没有道别就离开了，填without。

5.单选题

IarguedwithMortonuntiltheweehoursofthemorning,butheremained（

）inhisrefusaltofinancetheproject.

问题1选项

A.subdued

B.generous

C.obstinate

D.courteous

【答案】C

【解析】subdued减弱的，被制服的；generous慷慨的，大方的；obstinate顽固的，倔强的；courteous有礼貌的，谦恭的。句意：我和Morton争论到深夜，但他仍然固执地拒绝资助这个项目。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Asa（

）actor,hecanperform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.

问题1选项

A.flexible

B.versatile

C.sophisticated

D.productive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。flexible“灵活的，柔韧的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；sophisticated“世故的”；productive“高产的”。句意：作为一个多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞，而且会演奏很多种乐器。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

问题2选项

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

问题3选项

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

问题4选项

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

问题5选项

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可知，本文第一段介绍了现代社会中社区丧失的表现。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻译为：人们认为，工业革命不仅通过将大量人口集中在城市和工厂，而且改变了社会结构，而且改变了社区意识所依赖的关系的质量。后文也写到了城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，以及城市和农村的矛盾等。综合考虑下，A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻译为：“这些判断的典型代表是18世纪和19世纪浪漫主义的悲观派，强调人与自然的统一，以情感反对理性，并对新兴的城市和工业世界进行彻底的批评。”以及“Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻译为：由于城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，因此，真正的社区不可能存在于新的工业城市，而只存在于农村。因此，乡村被认为是理想的社区。人与自然统一的浪漫主张在田园诗般的乡村生活中被认为是由和谐和美德构成的。可推断出A项“现代工业破坏了人与自然的和谐关系”正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻译为：新时代的科技进步与人类精神上和情感上的贫乏形成了鲜明的对比，在这种贫穷中，社区的丧失被视为象征。由语境可知，C项“象征性”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻译为：为了适应这种新的社会形式，人们使用了社区的概念，因此D项“社会结构发生变化的时候，它也已经改变了”正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻译为：从这种观念出发，出现了一个非常普遍的文学和文化主题，雷蒙德•烕廉姆斯在他的两本书《文化和社会》以及《国家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探讨了这一主题。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻译为：正如烕廉斯所表明的那样，这是一种己经渗透到我们文化的很大领域的传统，包括我们的文学、美学、建筑和城乡规划，甚至我们的社会科学。这一传统继续充当一个过滤器，通过它不断解读城市和农村生活的现实。故答案为A“城市和农村生活之间的冲突反映在我们文化的不同方面”。

8.单选题

Jimknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.andstillless

B.aswellas

C.nolessthan

D.andstillmore

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项andstillless中stillless“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”；B选项aswellas“和……一样；不但……而且”；C选项nolessthan“不少于”；D选项andstillmore中stillmore“更加”。句意：吉姆几乎不懂数学，______化学了。根据语境，这里指的是吉姆不太懂数学，化学就更不懂了，A选项中stillless“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”符合题意，and作为连词起连接作用。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Heinsistedthathe____untiltheworkisfinished.

问题1选项

A.didn’trest

B.notrest

C.wouldn’trest

D.don’trest

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.didn’trest不休息B.notrest不休息

C.wouldn’trest不休息D.don’trest不休息

【答案】B

【考查点】虚拟语气。

【解题思路】这里考查insist的虚拟语气。当insist表示“坚持要求/坚持主张”，即that从句的动作当时尚未发生的话，则宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成,且should可以省略。对比选项，在这里句意为：他坚持工作完不成就不休息。因此用insist的虚拟语气。所以是insist+shouldnot+动词原形rest，should可以省略。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合虚拟语气用法。

【句意】他坚持直到工作完成才会休息。

10.单选题

Hewaseasilyhurtbecausehisfeelingswerevery（）.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.sensational

C.sensitive

D.senseless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他很容易受伤，因为他很敏感。

考查形容词辨析。sensible明智的；合乎情理的；能感觉到的;sensational轰动的；耸人听闻的;sensitive敏感的；senseless愚蠢的;无意识的。根据前半句句意“他很容易受伤”可知C项符合句意。

11.单选题

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

问题1选项

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:说到电脑，他还是有点在行的。而这也成为他在朋友面前自夸的资本。

考查短语辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其谈;feelrightabout感觉是对的;getawaywith侥幸成功,侥幸逃脱;whenitcomesto当提到。故D符合句意。

12.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso£groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道没有了欢喜也没了快乐,没有了焦虑也没了恐惧,人们可能很难存活。他们有可能重复伤害自己的行为，却认为这是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因为没有情感的世界里根本不存在奖惩,所以人们无法学习。反之,如果因为做了正确的事情而得到了奖励,那么人们就可能会学习。所以选项A符合原文内容。

3.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社会的经济基础将被摧毁:因为没有任何形式的激励。所以,社会经济基础依赖于享受激励的能力。选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”选项B符合原文。

5.根据原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面构造了世界。作为个体，我们会根据自己的情绪来分类物品。由此可见,情感可以帮助我们适应周围的世界，选项D符合原文。

13.单选题

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

问题5选项

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

14.单选题

Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)（）inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants’livelihood.

问题1选项

A.behavior

B.agony

C.coherence

D.exaltation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。behavior“行为；举止”；agony“苦恼”；coherence“一致；连贯性”；exaltation“欣喜；提拔”。根据时间状语inthepastfiveyears(在过去五年)可知政府对提高农民生活水平的持续关注，因此选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.

问题1选项

A.wasnotplayed

B.nottoplay

C.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在itis+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虚拟语气。句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机。所以本题选择C选项正确。

16.单选题

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

问题1选项

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一个国家的企业在海外设厂越多，该国的出口记录就会越小。locate为及物动词，符合句意。其他选项做及物动词时都和位置没有关系。

17.单选题

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

问题2选项

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

问题3选项

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

问题4选项

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

问题5选项

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.语义推断题。根据关键词定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成为一种。”but在这里表示转折关系，前面的内容都是在讲美貌所带来的优势，因此可以推断，liability指的是不利条件。A选项misfortune“不幸，灾祸”；B选项instability“不稳定”；C选项disadvantage“不利条件”；D选项burden“负担，责任”。选项C与之意思相近，所以正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一个有吸引力的女性在传统的女性工作中具有优势，但一个有吸引力的女性在传统的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征。”由此可以推断，传统的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因为吸引力增强了女性所需要的特质，选项A符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“结果显示,有吸引力的男性完全击败了没有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性总是得到最少的选票。”由此可知，当涉及政治时，吸引力对女性来说并不是一件好事，选项D符合原文。

4.观点态度题。A选项practical“实际的”；B选项prejudiced“怀有偏见的”；C选项old-fashioned“过时的”；D选项radical“激进的”。文章内容首先介绍了人们对美的传统认知，然后介绍了人们认为具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多来自运气，而不是能力；当涉及政治时，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人们对于美的看法通常是带有偏见的，所以选项B正确。

5.作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，文章第一段最后句就讲到了美貌可能会成为一个不利因素，接下来的内容也主要是围绕这一话题展开，所以作者写本文的目的主要是讨论吸引力带来的负面影响，所以选项A正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

18.单选题

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

问题1选项

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。mergewith合并，与...联合；engagewith交战，与...接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Inwinterdrivershavetroublestoppingtheircarsfrom（

）onicyroads.

问题1选项

A.skating

B.skidding

C.sliding

D.slipping

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意:司机冬天在结冰的路面上停车不是件困难的事情。

Skating滑冰(娱乐活动或体育竞技项目);skidding侧滑，打滑;sliding滑动,多以人为主语，形容某物顺利无阻碍地滑行;slip滑倒。此处指车辆打滑,故选B。

20.单选题

Sometheoristsviewalmostallcrimesaspolitical.Theyviewthemeitherasanactbytheruling（1）torepressthew