考研考博-英语-四川外国语大学成都学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川外国语大学成都学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

【答案】参考译文：Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorthemesintoday'sworld.Themaintenanceofworldpeace,strengtheningfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationofallpeoples.Atpresent,poverty,unemployment,refugees,crime,apopulationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugtrafficking,terrorismandotherissuesarestillsevereandaffectglobalstabilityanddevelopment.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,bothsideshavebroadlyconsistentinterestsinaseriesofmajorinternationalissues.IamdelightedtoseetheimprovementanddevelopmentoftheconnectionbetweenChinaandwestcountries.ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinawouldliketodevotetothegreatpeaceanddevelopmentonthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefitwithallthepeopleandallthegovernmentsincludingwestcountries.

2.填空题

Oneofourarticlesisabouttobe（1）inNature.Everyoneispleasedthatit’sappearinginahigh-profileinternationaljournal,buttherewasaserious（2）inourresearchgroup（3）overwhoshouldbetheleadauthor.Someofthe（4）

ofthegrouparestillangry.

【答案】1.published

2.such

3.debate

4.members

【解析】1.语义题。句中的Nature是指一种杂志，我们的文章应该是“发表在”杂志中。

2.语义题。这里填such，suchahigh-profileinternationaljournal表示“如此引入注目的期刊”。

3.固定搭配。debateover就……进行讨论。

4.语义题。根据空格后的ofthegroup可以推断出最后一个空可以填入members表示“团队的成员”。

3.单选题

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

问题1选项

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游,巡航,航行;piloting领航,驾驶;patrolling巡查。句意：卫星通信是如此的发达以致于即使是商人在大西洋中间航行也可以联系到他们公司的人,就好像他正在公司的隔壁一样。因此，本题选B。

4.单选题

Theconference（）afullweekbythetimeitends.

问题1选项

A.musthavelasted

B.willhavelasted

C.wouldlast

D.haslasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。根据题干以及选项可知本题考查时态的用法，又根据bythetimeitends：到会议结束的时候，以及句意可知本题应该使用将来完成时态，因此选项B为正确选项。句意：到会议结束时将已经持续整整一周了。

5.单选题

Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.

问题1选项

A.hasbeenreading

B.hadread

C.isreading

D.read

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：她应该停止工作；她因为看书太久而头痛。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，或者刚刚终止。根据前半句她应该停止工作可知看书的动作从过去持续到现在，可能要继续下去，确定用现在完成进行时，A选项hasbeenreading符合题意。B选项hadread是过去完成时，动作发生在过去的过去，侧重事情的结果；C选项isreading是正在进行时，动作正在发生；D选项read是一般现在时或一般过去时。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

问题1选项

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据bebasedon确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合besaidto加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项havebeenbased正确。

7.单选题

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

问题1选项

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理宁愿他的女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。wouldrather后接句子时，句子谓语通常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。在这里没有明确表明和女儿在同一个办公室工作的事情已经发生，而是表示将来，希望这样的事情不会发生，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去时，D选项didnotwork符合题意。A选项hadnotworked是过去完成时，用于已经发生的事情。B选项nottowork和C选项doesnotwork语法错误。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

问题1选项

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exceed“超过，胜过”；exclaim“大声说出”；excess“超过”，名词；extend“延伸，扩大”。

句意：她在研究中的收获可能超过她的预期。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Thosepersonswhosereligious（）heavilyreliedonrituals，suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

问题1选项

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：那些宗教（）极为依赖诸如婴儿洗礼等仪式的人更可能支持民主党。A选项confession忏悔，承认；B选项condemnation谴责，定罪；C选项establishment建立；D选项acknowledgement承认，确认。A选项confession符合句意。

10.单选题

Theindustryhaspumped（）amountsofmoneyintopoliticalcampaigns，makingitlessandlesslikelythatpoliticianswilldealwiththeissuesensibly.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.substantial

C.massive

D.traditional

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。potential潜在的，有潜力的；substantial大量的；客观的；massive大而重的，大块的；traditional传统的。此处substantial形容amountsofmoney（很大一笔钱）。

11.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.junction

B.paradox

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意：父母经常面临这样的

：是做自己认为对孩子发展有利的事情还是坐视孩子毫无纪律的吵闹和破坏。

junction接合点，会合点；paradox悖论，自相矛盾的人或事；premise前提，假设；dilemma困境，进退两难。空格后有“between...and...”，因此这里说的是父母在教育孩子时陷入进退两难的境况，D项dilemma符合句意。

12.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

问题4选项

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

问题5选项

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世贸组织的抗议活动表明并非所有人都认为全球化是一件好事。选项C与原文表述一致。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一样，使人民两极分化，改变他们的生活结构，并在人们内部以及人与人之间制造裂痕。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他们指出，许多西方国家的相对繁荣证明了全球化的积极影响。选项C正确。

5.根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批评人士认为，快速的、全系统的社会变革带来了令人不安的影响。也就是说，全球化导致了社会制度的迅速变化，使人们感到不安，所以选项B正确。

13.单选题

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuch

delicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.resolved...detrimental

B.hesitated...warranted

C.declined...inopportune

D.struggled...unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】动词和形容词辨析。第一个空的选项为resolve“决定，溶解”；hesitate“犹豫，有疑虑";decline“下降，衰落，婉拒”；struggle“努力，挣扎，对抗”，根据关键词patience和suddencommitment推断出第一个空应选则填入declined；第二个空的选项为detrimental不利的，有害的”；warranted“保证的，担保的”；inopportune“不适当的，不合时机的”；unconscionable“昧着良心的，肆无忌惮的，过度的”；据第一个空的选词和句意‘因在如此微妙的谈判中表现出来的耐心和技巧而当选的这位外交官拒绝在会谈中做出决定，因为在那种情况下，任何突然的承诺都是不恰当的。’确定第二个空填入inopportune，C选项正确。

14.单选题

Alineinasongasks,“Doesanyonereallyknowwhattimeitis?”Thisquestioncouldeasilyapplytocalendars!Didyouknowthatourideasabouttimeareaffectedbyreligion?Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.

Oddstructures,suchasStonehengeinEngland,mayhavebeenusedtomeasuretimelongago.Theseancientrocksstandinacirclelikelarge,grayLegos.Somepeoplethinkthattherocksrelatetothepositionofthesun.Nooneknowshowpeoplemovedthemintothisinformation,butitwasprobablyalotofwork.Ifitwasacalendar,itsurewasabigone!TheAztecsalsohadarockcalendarthatwasrelatedtothesun.TheyhadaSunStonethatshowedtheirsungodinthecenter.

Thecalendaryouareprobablymostfamiliarisalsobasedonthesun.ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.Thecycleoftheyearinasolarcalendarismeasuredfromoneequinoxtothenext.Asolarcalendarhastobeadjustedeverysooftentokeepintimewiththesun.In1582,PopeGregoryXHfirstauthorizedtakingafewdaysoutofeveryyearforthepurposeofadjustingthecalendar.Peopledidn’tlikethisonebitbecausetheythoughttheywerelosingtime!IttookcenturiesforEuropeanstogetusedtothisconcept.

Eventually,asystemwasworkedouttoaddasingledaytothecalendareveryfouryears.Soitwassynchronizedwiththeseasons.Theextradaymadeeveryfourthyear366dayslong.Thesespecialyearsarecalledleapyears,andwecalledtheextradaytothemonthofFebruary.IfyouknowsomeonewhosebirthdayisFebruary29,youknowthatheorshewasborninaleapyear.ThiscalendariscalledtheGregoriancalendar,anditisusedintheUnitedStatesandotherChristiancountries.

Muslimsuseadifferentkindofcalendar.Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,anditiscompletelydifferentthanasolarone.AccordingtotheMuslimholybook,theKoran,Allahsaid,“Truly,twelvemonthsisthenumberofthemonthswithGod,accordingtotheGod’sBook,eversinceHecreatedheavenandEarth.”AnewMuslimmonthdoesnotstartuntiltworeliablewitnesseshaveseenthenewmoon.MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthearticle,（）hasinfluencedourwayofmeasuringthetime.

2.Weknowfromthearticlethat（）calendarisbasedonthecycleofthemoon.

3.FromthearticlewecaninferthatRamadanisaMuslimfestival,whichlastsfor（）.

4.Theverb“synchronize”（Line1,Paragraph4）probablymeans（）.

5.Thecalendarthatmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasfirstadoptedby（）.

问题1选项

A.theuniverse

B.thePope

C.religion

D.nature

问题2选项

A.Gregorian

B.solar

C.Christian

D.lunar

问题3选项

A.onemonth

B.oneweek

C.fourdays

D.twentyfivedays

问题4选项

A.tocausetooccurfourdayslater

B.tocausetohappenfourdaysearlier

C.tohappenbeforehandorafterwards

D.tocausetohappenatthesametime

问题5选项

A.theChristian

B.thePope

C.JuliusCaesar

D.theMuslims

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Differentfaithsusedifferenttypesofcalendarstomeasuretime.”不同信仰的人使用不同类型的日历来计算时间。信仰和宗教相关，所以选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据最后一段第二句“Theirlunarcalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon...”他们的农历是以月亮的周期为基础的。选项D正确。

3.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“MuslimfamiliesoftentakewalksintheeveningtofindthefirstyellowsliceofthenewmoontostartRamadan,theirmonth-longfast.”穆斯林家庭经常在晚上散步，以寻找第一弯黄月牙，开始长达一个月的斋月。选项A正确。

4.词义推断题。根据第四段的内容可知，最终，一个系统被设计出来，每四年在日历上增加一天。目的是为了保证日期与季节能够保持同步，所以选项D符合句意。

5.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“ThepowerfulRomanEmperor,JuliusCaesar,firstadoptedthesolarcalendarin46B.C.”可知选项C正确。

15.单选题

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

问题1选项

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。news意为“新闻，消息”；print意为“印刷业，印记”；publication意为“出版”；press意为“新闻，出版社”。inprint意为“印出来”。

句意：当看到我的名字出现在出版物上时，我有一种奇怪的兴奋感。

16.单选题

Thegeneralmanagerofourcompanyisagoodlistener.Healways（）ourproposalsenthusiastically.

问题1选项

A.takesin

B.takeson

C.takesup

D.takesto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项takesin“接受，吸收，领会，欺骗”；B选项takeson“承担，呈现，具有”；C选项takesup“拿起，开始从事，占据（时间，地方）”；D选项takesto“喜欢，走向”。句意：我们公司的总经理是个善于倾听的人。他总是热情地（）我们的建议。根据题意，可以推测出，总经理是个善于倾听的人，所以他会热情地接受我们的建议，因此A选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项breakoff“（使）分离”；B选项breakdown“失败”；C选项breakout“突然发生，爆发”；D选项breakthrough“突围，突破”。根据转折连词but可知句子前面表示转折关系，由failedmanytimes（多次失败）与finally（最终）可知D选项符合语境。句意：史密斯医生失败了很多次，但他最终突破了，找到了解决问题的成功方法。

18.单选题

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

问题1选项

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。willhavebeen是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项haseverbeen符合题意。A选项everwas是一般过去时，B选项hadeverbeen是过去完成时，C选项wouldeverbe是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。retain“保持，记住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“维持，支持，支撑”。句意；小树的枝丫很难承受果实的重量。D项符合题意。

20.单选题

Hisface（

）ashecameinafterrunningallthewayfromschool.

问题1选项

A.flared

B.fluctuated

C.fluttered

D.flushed

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Flare“闪光”；fluctuate“波动，涨落”；flutter“飘动”；flush“使激动，脸红”。句意：他一路从学校跑回家，脸通红。选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地,不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词,选项D符合语境。

22.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）Becauseanalysisultimatelyrestswiththethinkingandchoicesoftheresearcher,qualitativestudiesingeneralarelimitedbyresearchersubjectivity.Therefore,anoverridingconcernisthatofresearcherbias,framingasitdoesassumptions,interests,perceptions,andneeds.（2）Oneofthekeylimitationsofthisstudyistheissueofsubjectivityandpotentialbiasregardingtheresearcher’sownparticipationinadoctoralprogramfirstasastudentandcurrentlyasafacultymember.

（3）Arelatedlimitationwasthatintervieweesmayhavehaddifficultyadjustingto

the

researchertakingontheroleofinterviewer,aphenomenonreferredtobyMaxwellasparticipantreactivity.Becauseafewoftheparticipantsknowtheresearcher,theirresponsesmayhavebeeninfluencedoraffected.（4）Theymayhavetriedoverlyhardtocooperatewiththeresearcherbyofferinghertheresponsestheyperceivedshewasseekingorwhichtheyperceivedmightbehelpfultoher.Alternatively,becauseoffamiliaritywiththeresearcher,thesefewparticipantsmighthavebeenguardedandthereforelesscandidintheirresponses.Recognizingtheselimitations,theresearchertookthefollowingmeasures.（5）

Toreducethelimitationofpotentialbiasduringdataanalysis,theresearcherremovedallparticipantnamesandcodedallinterviewtranscriptsblindlysoasnottoassociateanymaterialordatawithanyparticularindividual.Furthermore，shemadeaconsciousattempttocreateanenvironmentthatwasconducivetohonestandopendialogue.Experienceasaninterviewer,aswellaspriorresearchexperience,washelpfulinthisregard.

【答案】由于分析最终取决于研究者的思维和选择，定性研究一般受到研究者主体性的限制。

本研究的主要局限性之一是，研究人员以学生身份和教师身份参与博士项目的主观性和潜在偏见问题。

与此相关的一个限制是，受访者可能难以适应研究人员扮演采访者的角色，麦克斯韦将这种现象称为参与者反应。

他们可能过于努力地与研究人员合作，向她提供他们认为她正在寻找的答案，或者他们认为可能对她有帮助的答案。

为了减少数据分析过程中潜在偏见的限制，研究者删除了所有参与者的姓名，盲目地对所有访谈记录进行编码，不将任何材料或数据与任何特定的个体相关联。

23.单选题

______thechanceandthemoney,I’dcomeandseeyouinNewYorkintheforeseeablefuture.

问题1选项

A.Given

B.Assuming

C.Withregardto

D.Considering

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项Given“如果有（机会等）；鉴于”，介词；B选项Assuming“假如”，从属连词，assuming(that)+从句；C选项Withregardto“关于，至于”；D选项Considering“考虑到；就……而言；鉴于”。句意：______有机会和钱，在可预见的将来我一定会来纽约看你。根据语境，这里指有机会和钱的时候会来看你，并且横线后面跟名词短语，A选项Given“如果有（机会等）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

24.写作题

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

25.单选题

问题1选项

A.response

B.answer

C.correspondence

D.echo

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。

26.单选题

Youcan’tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesofabookand（

）anunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.

问题1选项

A.comeupto

B.comeacross

C.comearound

D.comeupwith

【答案】D

【解析】comeupto达到，等于；comeacross偶遇，无意中发现；comearound顺便来访，苏醒；comeupwith提出，想出，赶上。句意：快速地浏览一本书，你无法理解阅读的内容。选项D符合语境。

27.单选题

Hesaidheismy______friendbutIdon’tthinkso.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.onion

C.intimate

D.occasion

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项intensive“密集的”；B选项onion“洋葱，葱头”；C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”；D选项occasion“某次，……的时候”。句意：他说他是我______的朋友，但我不这么认为。根据语境，这里形容的是我们之间的关系是怎样的，C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

28.单选题

Abutterfly’swinghasmyriadtinyscales.

问题1选项

A.prodigious

B.spectacular

C.countless

D.appalling

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prodigious“惊人的，异常的，奇妙的”，B项spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”，C项countless“无数的，数不尽的”，D项appalling“可怕的，令人震惊的”。句意：蝴蝶的翅膀上有无数细小的鳞片。根据句意可知，myriad在句中表示“无数的”，因此，该题选择C项。

29.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactprevi-ouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：最近报道了很多案例：孩子们总是以前在电视上见过的暴力行为。modify修改，修饰；duplicate复制，重复；accelerate加速，促进；stimulate刺激。B项duplicate在此可译为“模仿”。

30.单选题

Therearethreegeneralmethodspeopleusetoexplainandunderstandtheirworld:beliefs,pseudo-science,andscience.

Whatarebeliefs?Well,simplyput,beliefsarewhatyoubelievetobetrue.Inthisfirstmethodofinterpretingmanandtheworld,certainpeopleprovedtheinformationabouthowtheworldworks.Theirteachingsarebeyondquestion.Theirfollowersacceptthesebeliefsbecausetheywanttoacceptthem,notbecauseofscientificevidence.Someexamplesarereligions,suchasChristianity.ChristiansbelieveinoneGod,whocreatedtheuniverseandallthatisinit.TheybelievethatthisGodisactiveinhistory,guidingandteachingHispeople.Likemanyreligions,Christianityprovidesanumberofspecificmoralrulesandprinciplesthatmakeupanimportantpartofitsteachings.Superstitions,suchasFungShui,arealsocommonexamplesofbeliefs.

Pseudoscience,alsocalledfakescience,isanybodyorknowledge,methodology,belief,orpracticethatclaimstobescientificorismadetoappearscientific,butisactuallynot.Inpseudoscience,peopleacceptopinions,orchosetobelievecertainfactswhileintentionallyignoringothers,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents.Beliefsinmagic,monsters,andghostsfallintothiscategory.BothChineseQigongandIndianYogaareverygoodphysicalexercisesthatcanhelptheirpractitionerskeepfit,butwhensomemagicalpower,theyareturningQigongorYogaintopseudoscience.Manypeoplefol¬lowpseudosciencebecausebeliefinmagicormysteriouspowersisentertaining.Astrologyhasmillionsoffollowersallaroundtheworld,notbecauseithelpsthemdealwiththeworldinanybetterway,onlybe¬causeitisjustfun.

Ofthethreemethods,onlyscienceprovidesarationalwayofunderstandingtheworlD.Itdoesnotprovideamoralsystemasreligiondoes,anditmaynotalwaysbeasentertainingaspseudosciencesometimesis,butitistheonlymethodthatrequiresconstanttestingoffacts,beliefsandideas,resultinginchangingtheoriesaswegetnewinformation.Scienceteachesustodrawconclusionsbasedonevidenceanditalsoteachesus"thatsomeevidenceisstrongerthanotherevidence,andhowtojudgetheevidence.Throughourstudyofscience,welearntoacceptuncertainty,toquestionfactsandtheories,andtosearchconstantlyfortruth.

MostofususeallthreemethodsindifferentproportionstoviewourworlD.Somescientistsbelieveintheorieswithoutsupportingevidence.Andthescientificmethodisoftenusedforunscientificpurposes.Butscienceistheonlymethodthatisconstantlychanging.Itdoesnotdependontheteachingsofoneman.Eachscientistbuildsontheworkofothersandhisfindings,inturn,areusedbyotherstoincreaseourknowledgeoftheworld.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutscience?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaboutpseudoscience?

5.Theword"astrology"(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

问题1选项

A.ScienceandPseudoscience.

B.ReligionandScience.

C.Science,PseudoscienceandReligion.

D.DifferentWaysofViewingtheWorld.

问题2选项

A.Nobeliefsaresupportedbyscientificevidence.

B.Pseudosciencealwaysleadstofalseunderstandingofthingsorevents.

C.Scienceneverquestionsfacts.

D.Scientistsacceptnotingwithoutscientificevidence.

问题3选项

A.Scienceacceptsuncertainty.

B.Sciencedoesnotpushpeopletofollowanyspecificsetofmoralrules.

C.Scienceteachesustoweighdifferentevidence.

D.Scienceurgesusnottoacceptanybeliefsorideas.

问题4选项

A.Qigongispseudoscience.

B.Pseudoscienceprovidesnosupportingevidence.

C.Pseudosciencecanbeentertaining.

D.Pseudosciencehasnothingtodowithbeliefs.

问题5选项

A.studyofthepositionofstarsinthebeliefthattheyinfluencehumanaffairs

B.asetofmethodsusedindoingthingsefficientlyinourlife

C.centraldataprocessingunitofacomputerpopularlyusedtoday

D.scientificstudyoftheearth'scrust,rocks,etC.andofthehistoryofitsdevelopment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了三个不同的世界观,接下来分别进行具体阐述,最后进行总结。所以选项D正确,其他选项都比较片面,选项D正确,全文都是在描述看待世界的三种方法。

2.细节推断题。根据第二段的第四句"Theirfollowersaccept...scientificevidence."他们的追随者接受这些信仰,是因为他们愿意接受,而不是因为科学证据。所以选项A错误;根据第三段的第二句"Inpseudoscience,...,resultinginafalseunderstandingofthingsandevents."可知选项B正确;根据第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantlyfortruth."通过对科学的学习,我们学会了接受不确定性,质疑事实和理论,不断地寻找真理。所以选项C错误;选项D说法太绝对,所以不正确。只有选项B符合原文。

3.细节推断题。根据第四段的最后一句"Throughourstudyofscience,,...tosearchconstantly