考研考博-英语-和田师范专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-和田师范专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Manytouristswere（）bythecity'scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。A选项degrade“贬低；使丢脸；使降级”；B选项bewilder“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项evoke“引起，唤起；博得”；D选项divert“转移；使欢娱；使转向”。句意：这个城市的复杂交通系统让很多游客感到迷惑。由题干关键词“复杂的交通系统”可知B项正确。

2.单选题

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的足球队正在和英国哥伦比亚大学的球队……。meet“满足，遇见”；contest“比赛，竞赛”；concede“承认，让步”；contemplate“考虑，沉思”。根据“ourfootballteam”可知是在进行比赛，contend的意思是“竞争；斗争”。因此，选项B符合题意。

3.翻译题

Whichwouldyouchoose:anonlinecoursedeliveredbyoneoftheworld’smostknowledgeableinstructors,supportedbyawardwinningdocumentaryfilmmakersandateamofgraduateteachingassistants,orthesamecoursetaughtinpersonbyanaverageinstructor?Differentstudentswouldofcoursechoosedifferently.Butthereisamplereasontobelievethatexperiencewiththefirstoptionwouldeventuallyleadasubstantialproportionofstudentstopreferit,eveniftheywerechargedthesameamountforeitherapproach.Butbecauseofeconomiesofscale,theremoteoptionwouldenjoyasubstantialcostadvantage.AsPhilipCookwroteinhis1995book,“TheWinner-Take-AllSociety,”thesearepreciselytheconditionsthatgiverisetowinner-take-allmarkets.Astechnologyhasexpandedthereachofthemostableperformers,theyhavebeencapturingeverlargersharesofworldwidemarketsacrossahostofdomains.

【答案】你会选择哪一种课程：是由世界上最有知识的导师之一讲授，由获奖纪录片制片人和研究生助教团队支持的在线课程，还是由一名普通教师亲自教授的课程？不同的学生当然会做出不同的选择。但我们有充足的理由相信，第一种选择的经验最终会让相当一部分学生更喜欢它，即使这两种方式收取的费用相同。但由于规模经济，远程选项将享有巨大的成本优势。正如菲利普•库克在他1995年的著作《赢者通吃的社会》中所写的那样，正是这些条件催生了赢者通吃的市场。随着科技扩大了最有能力的执行者的范围，他们在许多领域的全球市场中占据了越来越大的份额。

4.单选题

AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany（

）ofwhatIsaid.

问题1选项

A.notice

B.remark

C.observation

D.attention

【答案】A

【解析】takenoticeof为固定短语，意为：注意到，留意。句意：虽然我跟他说过很多次，但他从来没有注意到我说的话。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

问题1选项

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

问题2选项

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

问题3选项

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

问题4选项

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要是在对为什么从希腊文化顶峰时期后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢，而后的两百年又超越了前人这一问题进行科学探究，所以D选项“科学探究的方法”适合做文章标题。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我们是否点当把两个阶段的特点归因于所谓的历史的偶然性归因于客观环境结合的影响。这一点除非以指导一切的上帝的智慧和无限权利来解释，否则难以说清楚。”确定B选项‘这是上帝的行为’正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事实是一个提议。而理论，若是真理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式实现），把理论转成事实必须用简单的证实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。”确定A选项“后者需要证实”是事实和理论之间的区别。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第一句话“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推断出数学不是inductivescience，排除A选项；根据上一题可知需要简单证实的是理论，排除B选项；D选项“数学基于理论和事实”这一观点没有在文章中体现，排除；所以通过排除法得出C选项正确。

6.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete“陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导……爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。

7.单选题

Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.

TheideahadcometomeasIlistenedtoatalkonmycarradio.ThespeakerwasquotingaBiblical(圣经的)passageabouthusbandsbeingthoughtfuloftheirwives.Thenhewentontosay,“Loveisanactofwill.Apersoncanchoosetolove.”Tomyself,IhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenaselfishhusband.Well,fortwoweeksthatwouldchange.

Anditdid.RightfromthemomentIkissedEvelynatthedoorandsaid,“Thatnewyellowsweaterlooksgreatonyou.”

“Oh,Tom,younoticed,”shesaid,surprisedandpleased.Maybealittlepuzzled.

Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”Wewalkedonthebeachwhilethechildrenflewtheirkites.

Soitwent.TwoweeksofnotcallingtheWallStreetfirmwhereIamadirector;avisittotheshellmuseumthoughIusuallyhatemuseums.Relaxedandhappy,that’showthewholevacationpassed.Imadeanewpledgetokeeponrememberingtochooselove.

Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment,however.EvelynandIstilllaughaboutittoday.Onthelastnightatourcottage,preparingforbed,Evelynstaredatmewiththesaddestexpression.

“What’sthematter?”Iaskedher.

“Tom,”shesaidinavoicefilledwithdistress,“doyouknowsomethingIdon’t?”

“Whatdoyoumean?”

“Well…thatcheckup(体检)Ihadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?”

Ittookamomentforitalltosinkin.thenIburstoutlaughing.

“No,honey,”Isaid,wrappingherinmyarms.“You’renotdying;I’mjuststartingtolive.”

1.Inthefirstparagraph,“Noifs,andsorbuts”probablymeans“______”.

2.FromthestorywemayinferthatTomdrovetothebeachcottage______.

3.Duringthetwoweeksonthebeach,Tomshowedmorelovetohiswifebecause______.

4.Theauthorsays,“Therewasonethingthatwentwrongwithmyexperiment.”Whatwastheonethingthatwentwrong?

5.Bysaying“I’mjuststartingtolive,”Tommeansthat______.

问题1选项

A.unintentionally

B.inevitably

C.impressively

D.unconditionally

问题2选项

A.withhisfamily

B.withEvelyn

C.alone

D.withhischildren

问题3选项

A.shelookedlovelyinhernewclothes

B.hehadmadealotofmoneyinhisWallStreetfirm

C.hewasdeterminedtobeagoodhusband

D.shewasseriouslyill

问题4选项

A.Hepraisedhersweater,whichpuzzledher.

B.Sheinsistedonvisitingamuseum,whichhehated.

C.Heknewsomethingaboutherillnessbutdidn’ttellher.

D.Hewassogoodtoherthatshethoughtshemustbedying.

问题5选项

A.heisjustbeginningtounderstandtherealmeaningoflife

B.heisjustbeginningtoenjoylifeasalovinghusband

C.helivedanunhappylifebeforeandisnowstartingtochange

D.heisbeginningtofeelregretforwhathedidtohiswifebefore

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后两句Totallyloving.Noifs,andsorbuts.（完全的爱。没有“如果”，“和”跟“但是”。），“if”，“and”，“but”都是表示条件的连词，说明是指无条件的爱。因此D选项“无条件地”正确。A选项“无意地”，B选项“不可避免地”，C选项“令人印象深刻地”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段前三句Afterthelongdrive,Iwantedtositandread.Evelynsuggestedawalkonthebeach.Istartedtorefuse,butthenIthought,“Evelyn’sbeenaloneherewiththekidsallweekandnowshewantstobealonewithme.”（经过漫长的车程，我想坐下来阅读。艾芙琳建议去海滩上走走。我开始拒绝，但后来我想，“艾芙琳整个星期都在这里和孩子们独处，现在她想和我独处。”），说明汤姆的妻子和孩子早在他之前已经先到了海边，他是之后自己开车过来的。因此C选项“独自一人”正确。A选项“和他的家人一起”，B选项“和艾芙琳一起”，D选项“和他的孩子们一起”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Imadeapledgetomyselfonthewaydowntothevacationbeachcottage.FortwoweeksIwouldtrytobealovinghusbandandfather.（在去度假海滩别墅的路上，我对自己做了一个承诺。在两个星期里，我将努力成为一个有爱心的丈夫和父亲。），说明汤姆向自己保证在度假的两周里要做一个好丈夫、好父亲，所以他对妻子非常体贴。因此C选项“他决心要做一个好丈夫”正确。A选项“她穿着新衣服看起来很可爱”，B选项“他在华尔街的公司赚了很多钱”，D选项“她身患重病”均不符合原文，所以A,B,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第十一段Well…thatcheckupIhadseveralweeksago…ourdoctor…didhetellyousomethingaboutme?Tom,you’vebeensogoodtome…amIdying?（嗯……几周前我做的那个体检……我们的医生……他有没有告诉你一些关于我的事情？汤姆，你一直对我很好……我是不是快死了？），说明联系到上次在医院的体检，妻子不由得怀疑是不是自己快要死了丈夫才突然变得如此体贴。因此D选项“他对她很好，以至于她认为她一定是要死了”正确。A选项“他称赞妻子的毛衣，让妻子很困惑”，由原文可知，妻子困惑之余更多的是欣喜，所以A错误。B选项“妻子坚持去他不喜欢去的博物馆”，由原文可知，他愿意陪妻子去博物馆，所以B错误。C选项“他没告诉妻子她得了重病”，由原文可知，他的妻子并未得重病，所以C错误。

5.推理判断题。由全文可知，汤姆认为自己从前是个自私的丈夫，现在的改变就是要做一个充满爱心的好丈夫，所以他说刚刚开始新生活。因此B选项“他刚刚开始享受作为一个有爱心的丈夫的生活”正确。A选项“他刚刚开始理解生活的真正意义”表述过于笼统，所以A错误。C选项“他以前过着不幸福的生活，现在开始改变”，原文中没有说他以前过得不幸福，所以C错误。D选项“他开始为以前对妻子的所作所为感到遗憾”，由原文可知，重新开始生活并不只是遗憾，而是改变，所以D错误。

8.单选题

WhenIwasstillanarchitecturestudent,ateachertoldme,"Welearnmorefrombuildingsthatfalldownthanfrombuildingsthatstandup."Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory.Althoughstructuraldesignfollowsestablishedformulas,theactualperformanceofabuildingiscomplicatedbythepassageoftime,thebehaviorofusers,thenaturalelementsandunnaturalevents.Allaredifficulttosimulate.Buildings,unlikecars,can'tbecrash-tested.

ThefirstimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisthattallbuildingscanwithstandtheimpactofalargejetliner.Thetwintowersweresupportedby59perimetercolumnsoneachside.Althoughabout30ofthesecolumns,extendingfromfourtosixfloors,weredestroyedineachbuildingbytheimpact,initiallybothtowersremainedstanding.Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives.

Iwasonceaskedhowtallbuildingsshouldbedesignedgivenwhatwe'dlearnedfromtheworldTradeCentercollapse.Myanswerwas,"Lower,"Thequestionofwhenatallbuildingbecomesunsafeiseasytoanswer.Commonaerialfire-fightingladdersinusetodayare100feethighandcanreachtoaboutthe10thfloor,sofiresinbuildingsupto10storieshighcanbefoughtfromtheexterior.Fightingfiresandevacuatingoccupantsabovethatheightdependonfirestairs.

Thetallerthebuilding,thelongeritwilltakeforfirefighterstoclimbtothesceneofthefire.Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis"Lowerthan10stories."

Thenwhydon'tcitiesimposelowerheightlimits?A60-storyofficebuildingdoesnothavesixtimesasmuchrentablespaceasa10-storybuilding.However,allthingsbeingequal,suchabuildingwillproducefourtimesmorerevenueandfourtimesmoreinpropertytaxes.Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets.

ThemostimportantlessonoftheWorldTradeCentercollapseisnotthatweshouldstopbuildingtallbuildingsbutthatwehavemisjudgedtheircost.Wedidthesamethingwhenweunderestimatedthecostofhurtlingalongahighwayinasteelboxat70milesperhour.Ittookmanyyearsbeforeseatbelts,airbags,radialtires,andantilockbrakesbecamecommonplace.Atfirst,carssimplyweretooslowtowarrantconcern.Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedowillingly.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheWTCcollapse?

3.Ideally,thepolicyincityconstructionshouldbe（）.

4.Whyaretherestillhighbuildings,orevenskyscrapersinmanycities?

5.WhatisthemostimportantlessonoftheWTCcollapse?

问题1选项

A.architectureissomethingmoreoutofexperiencethanoutoftheory

B.architecturedependsjustasmuchonexperienceasontheory

C.itissaferforpeopletoliveinoldbuildings

D.welearnnotsomuchfromourfailureasfromoursuccess

问题2选项

A.Despitethetwostrongbuildings,thedeathtollwasstillveryshocking.

B.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasofthefirstclass.

C.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasnotsostrongaspeoplehadexpected

D.Thestructureofthetwobuildingswasstrongenoughtowithstandanyaccidents.

问题3选项

A.lowerthantenstories

B.thelower,thebetter

C.thehigher,thebetter

D.higherthantenstories

问题4选项

A.Becausetheyarethesymbolofmoderntimes.

B.Becausemanycitiesnowlackbuildingspace.

C.Becausetheyareanimportantfinancialsourceofacity'sbudget.

D.Becausetheyrepresentthelevelofacountry'sscienceandtechnology.

问题5选项

A.Weshouldwearseatbeltswhiledriving.

B.Weshouldbuildlowbuildingsjustasweshoulddriveslowly.

C.Weshouldmaketallbuildingsillegal.

D.Weshouldpayforsafetywhileconstructingtallbuildings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段第二句指出:Whathemeantwasthatconstructionisasmuchtheresultofexperienceasoftheory(他的意思是建筑物既是经验的结果，也是理论的结果)。由此可知B项“建筑不仅依赖于理论，也依赖于经验”正确。

第2题:判断推理题。根据题干关键词WTCcollapse定位至第二段:Evenso,thedeathtollwasappalling2,235peoplelosttheirlives(即使（两座建筑物没有倒塌），付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的——2235人失去了生命)。由此推断A项“尽管两座建筑物很牢固，但付出的伤亡代价却是惊人的”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。第三段指出:Sothesimpleanswertothesafetyquestionis“Lowerthan10stories.”(所以安全问题的简单答案是“低于10层楼”)。因此A选项“低于十层”正确。

第4题:事实细节题。第四段指出:Socuttingbuildingheightswouldmeancuttingcitybudgets(因此削减楼层高度等于削减城市预算)。因此在许多城市里还有高楼大厦，甚至摩天大楼是因为“它们是城市预算的重要财政来源”。答案为C。

第5题:判断推理题。最后一段提到从世贸中心倒塌事件得到的一个重要经验:Later,manufacturersresistedtheseexpensivedevices,arguingthatconsumerswouldnotpayforsafety.Nowwedo–willingly(之后，厂商拒绝使用这些昂贵的设施，认为消费者不会为安全买单。但是现在我们的确愿意了)。因此D项“在建造高层建筑时，我们应该为安全问题买单”正确。

9.单选题

Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.Butforgivenessispossible-—anditcansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

“Peoplewhoforgiveshowlessdepression,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,”saysFrederic,Ph.D.,authorofForgiveforGood.“Soitcanhelpsaveonthewearandtearonourorgans,reducethewearingoutoftheimmunesystemandallowpeopletofeelmorevital.”

Sohowdoyoustartthehealing?Tryfollowingthesesteps:

Calmyourself.Todefuseyouranger,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.“Takeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,someoneyoulove,”Fredericsays.

Don’twaitforanapology.“Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyouhasnointentionofapologizing,”Fredericsays.“Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.Soifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.”Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender.Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.“Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou,”Fredericsays.

Trytoseethingsfromtheotherperson’sperspective.Ifyouempathizewiththatperson,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fear,evenlove.Togainperspective,youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.

Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhoforgivereportmoreenergy,betterappetiteandbettersleeppatterns.

Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.“Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge,”Fredericsays.“Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.”

1.Forgivenessis（）

2.Whatdoes“wearandtear”mean?

3.WhichisNotthetechniqueofhealing?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.easytodo

B.noble

C.onlybeneficialtophysicalhealth

D.impossibletogetyourgrudgego

问题2选项

A.Damageresultingfromordinaryuse.

B.Energy.

C.Friction.

D.Moisture.

问题3选项

A.Inhaledeeply.

B.Mentallyreplayyourhurtoften.

C.Distractyourattention.

D.Thinkinanotherpointofview.

问题4选项

A.Thepersonwhohurtyouissuretomakeanapologytoyoulateron.

B.Youmaycondoneothers’wrongdoings.

C.Forgivenessdoesn’tequalobeyance.

D.Youshouldnegotiatewiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

问题5选项

A.Waystogetwellfromyourhurt.

B.Toforgivemaybedivine,butnooneeversaiditwaseasy.

C.Forgivenessbenefitstoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.

D.AnintroductiontothebookForgiveforGood.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句可知选项A错误；而divine与noble同义,所以选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“forgivenesscansurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth”可知选项C错误；根据第一段的第二句“itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourgrudge.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。

2.语义题。damageresultingfromordinaryuse日常中的损伤；friction摩擦力；moisture水分,湿度。根据原文可知,这里指可以帮助我们减少器官的磨损。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第六段的第二句“Mentallyreplayingyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.”在心里重演你的伤痛,只会给予伤害你的人力量。所以选项B并不是治疗的好方法。

4.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“forgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanreconciliationwiththepersonwhoupsetyouorcondoningofhisorheraction.”宽恕并不一定意味着与让你心烦的人和解,也不意味着宽恕他或她的行为。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。forgiveness为本文的关键词,再结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲如何宽恕以及宽恕的益处。选项C更符合原文。其他选项都太片面。

10.单选题

Theyareboundtofailiftheycontinueattheriskofallthesedangers.

问题1选项

A.areunnecessary

B.arecertain

C.aresimple

D.arealternative

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们……会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，beboundto意为“肯定，必然”。A选项areunnecessary“不必要的”；B选项arecertain“必然的，确信的”；C选项aresimple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项arealternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Althoughthebodyismadeupofmanydifferenttissues,thesetissuesarearrangedinan（

）andorderlyfashion.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.internal

C.intricate

D.initial

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incredible“不可思议的，难以置信的”；B选项internal“内在的”；C选项intricate“错综复杂的”；D选项initial“最初的”。原句表示“虽然人体是由许多不同的组织组成的，但这些组织是以______而有序的方式排列的”可知C选项符合句意。句意：虽然人体是由许多不同的组织组成的，但这些组织是以错综复杂而有序的方式排列的。

12.问答题

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofr