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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门华厦学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

B.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.

C.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.

D.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.

【答案】B

【解析】M:I’dliketoaskyouaboutyourpastmedicalhistory.Canyoutellmeifyouhadanychildhooddiseases?

W:WhenIwassmall,Ihadmeasles(麻疹),chickenpox(水痘)andwhoopingcough(百日咳).ButIdon’tthinkIeverhadGermanmeasles(风疹).

Q:Whatdiseasesdidthewomanhavewhenshewassmall?

【解析】细节题。女士小时候得过麻疹、水痘和百日咳。但没得过风疹。

2.填空题

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreadit11ofabook,and,ifaparentcanproduce12intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethe13,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhashad,14onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildren15dangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffear16thepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegrounds17theyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasies18fairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircase19sound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstick20coveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosamechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

【答案】11.out

12.what

13.latter

14.and

15.being

16.into

17.that

18.in

19.were

20.or

【解析】11.考查动词短语。句意:讲故事总是比从书上读故事好得多。readsth.out“读出来”,这里it指的是astory。

12.考查宾语从句。句意:如果父母能在当时和孩子个人的实际情况下写出比印刷文本更好的东西,那就更好了。produce后面接宾语从句,宾语从句缺主语,引导词what作宾语从句的主语。

13.考查连词。这里承接上文theyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses(童话故事通过吓唬孩子或唤起孩子的施虐冲动来伤害孩子),而后文是要证明childrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot(读过童话故事的孩子比没有读过的孩子更容易犯下残忍的罪行),所以这里是证明后者,用latter符合题意。

14.考查连词用法。前面Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhas(每个孩子都有攻击性、破坏性、虐待性的冲动),后面onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction(总的来说,他们象征性的言语发泄被视为一种安全阀,而不是公开行动的刺激),可知前后是并列结构,用and符合题意。

15.考查非谓语动词。句意:至于恐惧,我认为,确实有一些孩子被一些童话故事吓坏的案例。根据children被terrified确定用被动语态,被动语态结构为be动词+done,根据介词of确定用动名词形式,所以being符合题意。

16.考查动词短语。osth.“将……变成……”,根据语境,这里指将恐惧的痛苦转化为面对和控制恐惧的快乐。

17.考查状语从句。句意:也有人反对童话故事,理由是它们不是客观真实的,巨人、女巫、双头龙、魔毯等等,根本不存在。onthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue是修饰whoobjecttofairystories的原因状语从句,onthegroundsthat属于边际从属连词。

18.考查介词用法。句意:应该教孩子如何通过学习历史和力学来适应现实,而不是沉溺于童话故事中的幻想。这里指在童话故事中,infairytales符合题意。

19.考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们的说法合理,那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子。这里的虚拟语气用来表示假设,表示与现在事实相反的情况,从句结构:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were),were符合题意。

20.考查连词用法。句意:如果他们的说法合理,那么这个世界上应该有很多疯子,他们试图骑着扫帚从纽约飞到费城,或者用亲吻来覆盖电话,以为那是他们被施了魔法的女友。根据语境,在这里or使句子通顺。

3.单选题

I’dratheryou(

)anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

问题1选项

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我宁愿你目前什么也不要做。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Wouldrather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的虚拟时,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。

4.单选题

InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed,notlettinganyofthefood(1)theplate,usingtheknifeonlyforcutting,andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.Inotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeating,(2)theyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.(3),whatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.InArabia,(4),thepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthatthey(5)it.

ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave,(6),toagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.Tablesandchairs(7)thecushionsofthepast,andtheladyofthehouse(8)atoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.ManyJapanese,however,stillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlessthey(9)onacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexist(10).

IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountries,althoughtheyarenotso(11).InNorthAmericaitispoliteto(12)meatandthenputtheknifedown,taketheforkintherighthand,andeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeople,liketheBritish,keeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetime(13)theyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinavia(Norway,Sweden,DenmarkandIceland)specialknivesandforksaresuedforeatingfish.InFrance,BelgiumandItaly,(14),itiscorrecttokeepthesameknifeforeverycourse,wipingitonapieceofbread.

Drinkingcustomsattable(15)varyindifferentcountries.InEurope,water,wineorbeerisdrunkwithmealsandcoffeeorteaistakenafterwards.InNorthAmericaabeverage(16)coffee,teaormilkisdrunkwithmeals.

Tablemannersofcourse(17)withtime.Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.Theywereeatensittingonthegroundroundafire,andeveryonetookhisfoodfromapot(18)thefireorcutbitsfromtheanimalorbirdthathadbeencooked.Thewomenwaitedonthewarriorsandafterwardsatewhattheyleft.

Fingerswereusedtoeatfoodthroughoutthemiddleages.Food(19)woodendisheswiththenoblemensittingabovethesalt.Theordinarypeoplesat(20).InthereignofHenryVII(1509-1547),peoplewerestilleatingwiththeirhandsaftercuttingthefoodwithaclaspknifewhichwasalwayscarriedatthebelt.ForkswerenotusedinEnglanduntilthe17thcentury.

问题1选项

A.fallon

B.fallin

C.falloff

D.fallout

问题2选项

A.but

B.so

C.however

D.nor

问题3选项

A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Onthecontrary

D.Indeed

问题4选项

A.however

B.yet

C.forinstance

D.but

问题5选项

A.finisheating

B.haveappreciated

C.areliking

D.preferto

问题6选项

A.furthermore

B.however

C.so

D.inaddition

问题7选项

A.areusing

B.havereplaced

C.takeaway

D.takeon

问题8选项

A.presides

B.holds

C.stares

D.stands

问题9选项

A.are

B.sit

C.aresat

D.weresitting

问题10选项

A.sideinside

B.sidetoside

C.sidebyside

D.sideforside

问题11选项

A.marked

B.subtle

C.considerate

D.attractive

问题12选项

A.cutoff

B.cutaway

C.cutup

D.cutdown

问题13选项

A.if

B.which

C.unless

D.when

问题14选项

A.so

B.and

C.inaddition

D.however

问题15选项

A.so

B.also

C.yet

D.then

问题16选项

A.forexample

B.suchas

C.forinstance

D.takeasanexample

问题17选项

A.havechanged

B.hasdeveloped

C.havereplaced

D.haskept

问题18选项

A.on

B.in

C.above

D.beyond

问题19选项

A.iseatenup

B.wereeaten

C.waseatenoff

D.hasbeeneaten

问题20选项

A.atthetable

B.still

C.in

D.belowthesalt

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】(1)fallon落到,指向;fallin塌陷,跌入;falloff减少,跌落,下降;fallout发生,脱落。根据句意:不要让食物从盘中跌落。选项C符合句意。

(2)结合原文句意可知,这里应填入but表转折。

(3)结合上下文句意可知,这里填入Indeed最恰当,句意:事实上,在其他一些国家被认为是好的餐桌礼仪却是英国人竭力避免的。选项D正确。

(4)根据原文可知,这里是用阿拉伯人来进行举例。对上句观点举例说明,所以选项C符合原文。

(5)根据原文可知选项A,C,D均不符合语法结构,所以不正确。句意:他们大声打嗝以示感激。选项B正确。

(6)根据句意:在东方,富人和受教育程度较高的人在很大程度上已经接受了西方人的餐桌礼仪和习俗。没有因果关系,也没有递进关系,所以选项A,C,D不正确。根据haveto可知,选项B符合原文。

(7)原文指桌子和椅子替代了过去的坐垫,只有选项B符合原文。

(8)presideat主持,负责;holdat将温度保持在...度;stareat凝视,盯住;standat达到,踌躇。根据句意:女主人像西方妇女一样,负责在餐桌的一头招待客人。选项A符合句意。

(9)根据句意可知,这里表示他们坐在坐垫上。选项A和B结构不完整,首先排除;unless表假设,等于ifnot,根据语境可知选项D正确。

(10)句意:在世界上许多地方,传统和西方的饮食方式并存。选项A和D无此用法,选项B的用法是fromsidetoside从一边到另一边;sidebyside并排,一起,并行不悖。选项C符合原文。

(11)marked有记号的,显著的;subtle微妙的,精细的;considerate体贴的,顾虑周到的;attractive吸引人的,有魅力的。句意:在西方,不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪,尽管差异不是很显著。选项A符合原文。

(12)cutoff切断,中断;cutaway切掉,砍掉;cutup抨击,切碎;cutdown削减,砍倒。句意:在美国北部,把肉切好后放下刀,然后用右手拿叉子吃肉,这是很礼貌的做法。选项C符合原文句意。

(13)根据句意:大部分欧洲人,比如英国人,他们在吃需要切碎的食物的时候总是左手拿叉,右手拿刀。选项D符合原文。

(14)结合上下文句意可知,这里应该是表转折,所以选项D正确。

(15)上文主要是说各个国家的餐桌礼仪不同,这里是说各个国家的饮酒习俗也不同。所以选项B正确。

(16)根据原文可知这里是举例子的意思。选项A和C一般做插入语或位于句首,需用逗号隔开;选项D后面接句子也需要用逗号隔开,所以只有选项B正确。

(17)根据下文“Theearliestmealswerealsothesimplest.”可以推测,这里指餐桌礼仪随着时间的推移而在变化,选项A符合原文。

(18)根据句意:每个人都从架在火上的锅里拿食物,或者从煮熟的动物或鸟身上切一块下来。所以这里用介词on最为恰当。

(19)eatup吃光,耗尽,击垮;eatoff用…吃。根据句意:绅士坐在上座,他们用木盘子吃东西。选项C符合原文句意。

(20)根据上文“thenoblemensittingabovethesalt”贵族坐在上座,所以普通人应该与之相反,坐在下座。选项D正确。

5.单选题

Hewasaskedtobethe(

)ofthebadmintongamebecausehewasanimpartialperson.

问题1选项

A.judge

B.umpire

C.fan

D.controller

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。judge意为“法官,审判员”,泛指各种场合中的评判人员;umpire意为“裁判员”多用于仲裁者本身不需随比赛移动位置,如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等;fan意为“迷,狂热爱好者,风扇”;controller意为“(尤指大型机构或部门的)管理者,控制者”。由thebadmintongame(羽毛球比赛)可知选B。

句意:他被要求担任羽毛球比赛的裁判,因为他是一个公正的人。

6.翻译题

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【参考译文】你看到的玻璃杯是半满的还是半空的?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈还是中间的那个洞?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的力量时,这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。

迅速增多的大量研究工作证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反,悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败,它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。心理学家克雷格说:“如果你能够教会人们更积极地思考,那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。”

你的能力固然重要,但你能成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。在某种程度上,这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。

以你的工作为例。心理学家塞利格曼和他的同事对一家人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调查。他们发现,在工龄较长的推销员中,积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇佣的推销员中,乐观主义者则多销了20%。他们是如何做的呢?乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“归因方式”。出了问题之后,悲观主义者倾向于自责,乐观主义者则寻找漏洞。当一切顺利时,乐观主义者看成是自己的功劳,而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。

无论是消极还是积极,都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。克雷格说:“如果人们感到没有希望,他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。”

控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。悲观者则感到自己只能任由命运摆布,行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法,他便不去寻求指点。乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉•利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说,两次发病间隔的时间较长,而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的小规模试验性研究中,利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观主义者身上复发更早。

7.单选题

Itiswellknownthatteenageboystendtodobetter(1)maththangirls,thatmalehighschoolstudentsaremorelikelythantheirfemalecounterparts

(2)advancedmathcourseslikecalculus,thatvirtuallyallthegreatmathematicians

(3)

men.Arewomenbornwith(4)mathematicalability?Ordoessociety’ssexismslowtheirprogress?In1980,twoJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherstried

(5)theeternalnature/nurturedebate.JulianStanleyandCamillaBenbow

(6)10,000talentedseventhandeighthgradersbetween1972and1979.UsingtheScholasticAptitudeTest,inwhichmathquestionsaremeanttomeasureabilityratherthanknowledge,theydiscovered

(7)sexdifferences.(8)

theverbalabilitiesofthemalesandfemales

(9)differed,twiceasmanyboysasgirlsscoredover500(onascaleof200to800)onmathematicalability;atthe700level,theratiowas14to1.Theconclusion:maleshave

(10

)superiormathematicalreasoningability.

BenbowandStanley’sfindings,(11)werepublishedin“Science”,disturbedsomemenand(12)women.NowthereiscomfortforthosepeopleinanewstudyfromtheUniversityofChicagothatsuggestsmath

(13)not,afterall,anaturalmaledomain.Prof.ZalmanUsiskinstudied1,366tenthgraders.Theywereselectedfromgeometryclassesandtestedontheirabilitytosolvegeometryproofs,asubjectrequiring(

14)—abstractreasoningandspatialability.Theconclusion(15)byUsiskin:therearenosexdifferencesinmathability.

问题1选项

A.at

B.top

C.of

D.about

问题2选项

A.intackling

B.tackling

C.totackle

D.abouttackling

问题3选项

A.mightbe

B.havebeen

C.mustbe

D.hadbeen

问题4选项

A.smaller

B.less

C.fewer

D.notmore

问题5选项

A.tosettle

B.toset

C.settling

D.setting.

问题6选项

A.weretested

B.havetested

C.weretesting

D.hadtested

问题7选项

A.distinct

B.instinct

C.remotes

D.vague

问题8选项

A.Since

B.However

C.As

D.While

问题9选项

A.scarcelynot

B.virtually

C.largely

D.hardly.

问题10选项

A.superficially

B.universally

C.inherently

D.initially,

问题11选项

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.all

问题12选项

A.few

B.notafew

C.notfew

D.quitefew

问题13选项

A.be

B.were

C.was

D.is

问题14选项

A.noneof

B.neitherof

C.either

D.both

问题15选项

A.got

B.gained

C.reached

D.accomplished

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:C

第12题:B

第13题:D

第14题:D

第15题:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。dobetterat...在……方面做得更好。

2.考查固定搭配。belikelytodosth.可能做某事,故选C。

3.语法题。考查时态。空格所在句意为:伟大的数学家几乎…都是男性,这里强调从过去到现在一直存在的事实,因此用现在完成时。

4.语义题。smaller更小的,一般指尺寸、数量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的,较少的但less修饰不可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词;notmore不多。由关键词ability可知B正确。

5.考查固定搭配。trytodosth.努力做某事。此处动词settle与debate搭配表示“解决争端”。

6.语法题。考查时态。根据关键词between1972and1979可知,此处需耍用过去完成吋态。

7.考查形容词辨析。distinct明显的;instinct本能,天性;remote偏远的,偏僻的;vague模糊的。此处句意为:他们发现不同的性别之间有很大的不同,故选A。

8.考查逻辑关系。逗号前后两个分句之间是对比关系,因此引导词用while。

9.考查副词辨析。scarcely几乎不,一般没有scarcelynot连用的情况;virtually事实上,几乎;largely主要地,在很大程度上;hardly几乎不。前后分句为对比关系。故选D。

10.考查副词辨析。superficially表面地;universally普遍地;inherently固有地,内在地;initially最初。这里想表达“相比女性,男性在数学方面有内在优势”,故选C。

11.语法题。考查从句的引导词。“(

)werepublishedin‘Science’”这部分为非限制性定语从句修饰BenbowandStanley’sfindings,C项which能引导非限制性定语从句,故选C。

12.语义题。few很少的;notafew不少,相当多;没有nowfew和quitefew的用法。此处句意为:这一研究结果让一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故选B。

13.语法题。考查时态和主谓一致。此处需填入系动词,此处主语是math,故排除A和B。根据提示词now可知,D正确。

14.考查固定搭配。both...and...不但…而且…。

15.考查固定搭配。reachaconclusion得出结论。

8.单选题

Thisexperiencedauthorwasableto()thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

问题1选项

A.suppress

B.compress

C.express

D.depress

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项suppress“抑制、镇压”;B选项compress“压缩、精简”;C选项express“表达”;D选项depress“使沮丧、降低”,句意为:这位经验丰富的作家能够表达他没有资格进入大学这一事实。express“表达”符合句意,因此选项C正确。

9.单选题

Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave()opportunitytochangehismind.

问题1选项

A.accurate

B.urgent

C.excessive

D.adequate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate精确的;urgent紧急的;excessive过分的;adequate充分的。句意:根据法律,当一个人拥有充足的购买力,他应具有充分的机会去改变他的注意。选项D更符合句意。

10.单选题

Twoboyswerecaughtsmokinginschoolbuttheprincipalletthem()withawarning.

问题1选项

A.alone

B.off

C.in

D.out

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项letalone“不打扰,不惊动”;B选项letoff“排放,宽恕”,表示宽恕的意思时,通常构成短语letsb.offwithsth.,宽恕某人做某事;C选项letin“让……进来”;D选项letout“加宽,放宽”。句意:两个男孩在学校抽烟被抓住了,但校长只警告他们一下就放过了。本句表示宽恕了他们。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

The(

)viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的,占主导地位的”;B选项credulous“轻信的,易受骗的”;C选项inclusive“包括的,包罗广泛的”;D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要观点,故选A。句意:英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为,老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。

12.单选题

()thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved,wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.

问题1选项

A.While

B.Given

C.Unless

D.Evenif

【答案】B

【解析】句意:新的融资计划被批准,我们很快就会有更多的钱建造体育馆。given鉴于,考虑到...符合句意。

13.单选题

Theywereabroadduringthemonthwhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey______toourhelp

问题1选项

A.wouldhavecome

B.couldcome

C.havecome

D.hadcome

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的条件从句有时不直接表达出来,而是通过or等连词来表达,这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。根据主语谓语动词were推断,动作在过去已经发生,or后面的句子是对过去的假设,所以动词应该用wouldhavecome,故A项符合。句意:我们进行调查的那个月他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。因此,该题选择A项正确。

14.单选题

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“limitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.Personallibertyandindependencehaveneverbeenregardedasdirectlylinkedtohealth-care.

2.Health-carecametobeseenasarightataboutthesametimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.

3.InOECDcountriespopulationchangeshavehadanimpactonhealth-carecostsinrecentyears.

4.OECDgovernmentshaveconsistentlyunderestimatedthelevelofhealth-careprovisionneeded.

5.Inmosteconomicallydevelopedcountriestheelderlywillhavetomakespecialprovisionfortheirhealth-careinthefuture.

问题1选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题2选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题3选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题4选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

问题5选项

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据SectionC中第二句,“Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”,同教育、政治和法律程序和机构、公共秩序、通讯、运输和货币供应一样,医疗保健被视为人民行使其作为自主人的其他权利所必需的基本社会设施之一。可判断出个人自由和独立与医疗保健是有联系的。所以表述与原文不符合,答案为“NO”。

2.根据SectionE中第一句,“Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.”,就在医疗保健资源明显不能满足人们要求的时候,他们要求国家满足他们获得医疗保健的基本权利。可判断出医疗保健被视为一项权利的同时,医疗保健资源的限制也变得很明显,表述正确,答案为“YES”。

3.根据SectionE中第二句,“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchanges…”,导致目前对医疗保健资源分配的关注的第二组更具体的变化源于大多数经合发组织国家医疗费用的急剧增加,同时还伴随着大规模的人口和社会变化,可判断出近年来,经合组织国家的人口变化对医疗保健费用带来了影响,表述正确。答案为“YES”。

4.文中没有提及“经合组织各国政府低估了所需的医疗保健水平”这一问题,故答案为“NOTGIVEN”。

5.文中没有提及“在大多数经济发达的国家,老年人将来必须为他们的保健做特别的准备”这一问题,故答案为“NOTGIVEN”。

15.单选题

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm(

)afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revive“复兴;苏醒”;persist“坚持”;intensify“增强,变激烈”;flag“减退”。句意:几个月后,尽管Johnson和Smith对律师事务所中那些运用手段图谋权力的人的最初着迷减退了,但是这两个人对于确定谁应该是他们的午餐伙伴的问题上非常重视。由Although和initialfascination可知空格处所填单词应与initialfascination形成对比,故D项“减退”正确。

16.单选题

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller().

问题1选项

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果这些鞋太大了,请店员给你拿一双更小的。结合语境,由前文谈及“这些鞋子”,即应该是成对的,故应该用“一双”,则A为正确答案。

17.单选题

Itisapityfor______anydisagreementinthefamily.

问题1选项

A.theretobe

B.therebeing

C.therebe

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式用法。不定式结构做主语通常表示具体动作,间或也可表示抽象动作,这一点与-ing分词结构做主语恰恰相反。用作主语的不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可以在特定上下文或情景中看出,

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