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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京戏曲艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade().

问题1选项

A.onthelocation

B.onthesite

C.onthespot

D.ontheground

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意:火灾的新闻之后是一份详细的现场报告。因此选C。

2.单选题

Hesaidthatveryclearlysothatnobodywasinany()aboutwhatwasmeant.

问题1选项

A.wonder

B.doubt

C.question

D.consideration

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词组辨析。inquestion讨论中的,考虑中的;indoubt感到怀疑,不能肯定的;wonder想知道,inconsideration考虑到,鉴于。句意:他说得很清楚,所以没有人对他的意思感到怀疑。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Itisoften______tohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.

问题1选项

A.tempting

B.unanimous

C.irretrievable

D.disgusting

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项tempting“吸引人的,诱惑人的”,B项unanimous“全体一致的,意见一致的,无异议的”,C项irretrievable“不能弥补的,不能复原的”,D项disgusting“令人厌恶的”。根据but可知前后语义是转折的关系,由后半句中的dangerous对比可知,前半句应该填入一个和dangerous相对的词语,四个选项中只有A项符合。句意:催促孩子快得超过他的自然学习速度往往是诱人的,但这可能会在孩子中建立危险的失败感和担心的状态。因此,该题选择A项正确。

4.翻译题

通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径,筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标,确立各指标的分级依据,构建古树健康诊断标准,并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树(树名暂略)的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明:古树的健康状况大多为良和一般,不同树种有些许差异,其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况,应用效果良好。此外,对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析,并提出相应解决方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

5.单选题

Theringsinacrosssectionofapinetreerevealboththeageofthetreeand______.

问题1选项

A.istheclimaticchangesundergoing

B.theclimaticchangesithasundergone

C.undergoestheclimaticchanges

D.ithasundergoneclimaticchanges

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子结构。both…and是一个表示并列的连词,连接的前后成分在语法上必须一致,and之前接的是一个名词结构,做句子的宾语,所以我们也要选择一个名词结构,A项不符合语法;C项undergo是动词;D项是一个句子不符合语法;句意:松树横截面上的年轮既揭示了松树的年龄,也揭示了它所经历的气候变化。根据语法和句意,正确答案为B。

6.单选题

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

问题1选项

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。apprehensive表示“忧虑的,不安的”;A项optimistic“乐观的”,B项anxious“焦虑的”,C项uncertain“不确定的”,D项scared“害怕的”。句意:这个国家进行了核试验,并不担心其后果。根据句意可知,选择B项正确。

7.翻译题

Directions:ChoosetwoofthefollowingsentencesandtranslatethemintoEnglish.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points,5pointseach)

Note:Youarerequiredtotranslate2ofthefollowingsentences.

1、世界是丰富多彩的,各种文明和社会体制应当求同存异并,取长补短。我们不能照搬照抄别国的政治制度。

2、世界上很难找出政党制度和政治制度完全相同的国家。各国有各国的国情。关键的是要有利于经济发展和政治稳定,维护和实现人民的根本利益。

3、腐败作为一种社会历史现象,古今中外很多社会都有。现在世界上没有哪个国家能说已经完全消除了腐败。只有程度的不同。

4、不谋万世者,不足谋一时;不谋全局者,不足谋一域。

5、子曰:“三人行,必有我师焉;择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。”

【答案】1.Ourworldisdiverseandcolorful.Allkindsofcivilizationsandsocialistsystemsshouldseekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferencesandlearnfromeachothertomakeupdeficiencies.Weshouldnotcopythepoliticalsystemofothercountriesmechanically.

2.Wecanhardlyfindtwocountriesthathaveexactlythesamepoliticalpartysystemandpoliticalsystem.Differentcountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions.Whatisessentialisthatthekindofpartysystemtheyinstituteshouldservetheireconomicdevelopment,politicalstability,andmaintenanceandrealizationofthefundamentalinterestsoftheirpeople.

3.Corruption,asasocialandhistoricphenomenon,hasexistedinmanysocieties,bothinthepastandatpresent.Nocountryintheworldtodaycanacclaimthatithascompletelyeliminatedcorruption.Theonlydifferenceliesinthedegreeofseriousnessofthisproblem.

4.Withoutlong-termstrategy,short-termachievementisimpossible.Withoutfull-scaleconsideration,simpleactionisimpracticable.

5.Confuciussaid,“Whenthreearewalkingtogether,Iamsuretofindteachersamongthem.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem.”

8.单选题

Somefeltthattheywerehurryingintoanepochofunprecedentedenlightenment,inwhichbettereducationandbeneficialtechnologywould(

)wealthandleisureforall.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.maintain

C.certify

D.console

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure“保证,确保,使安全”;maintain“维持”;certify“证明,保证”;console“安慰,慰藉”。句意:一些人认为他们正匆忙进入一个空前教化的时代,在这里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以确保人们健康和有足够的休闲时间。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess;first,theartisttakesablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthor’spurposesinparagraph2aretodescribe(

).

3.Theword“incised”inline15isclosestinmeaningto

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthatthey(

).

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

问题2选项

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

问题3选项

A.burned

B.cut

C.framed

D.baked

问题4选项

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

问题5选项

A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper

B.arecreatedfromareversedimage

C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades

D.requireaprintingpress

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中心句:版画是一系列工艺的总称,其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子(Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples),接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻,所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述……”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源:公元五世纪中国开始采用,主要用于纺织;十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程,因此选项C符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意思最接近”。文章第三段提到“图片被……进一块高度抛光的金属板”(Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate),由此可以推测出incised有“雕刻”的意思。选项B符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知,木刻与雕刻的共同点是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版画很适合多图制作”(Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages),可知选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容,下列关于出版哪项是错误的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中国,用于纺织,由此可知选项A描述正确,排除;文章第一段提到“当纸被拿掉时,图像会附着在纸上,但是方向是相反的”(Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestoit,butinreverse),由此可知选项B描述正确,排除;文章第一段提到“印刷是把一张纸(或其他材料)压在一个装有油墨的承载图像的表面上”(Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanimage-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied),由此可知选项D描述正确,排除。综上,选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya(

).

问题1选项

A.thread

B.cord

C.string

D.rope

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。hangbyathread“千钧一发”。句意:总统的政治未来现在正处在千钧一发的时刻。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways().

问题1选项

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的;经济学的”;B选项costly“昂贵的;代价高的”;C选项expensive“昂贵的”;D选项thrifty“节检的;节约的”。句意:在我眼里,老一辈总是……的。关键词theoldgeneration老一辈的消费观偏向于节约。故选D。

12.单选题

Whenbusinessis(

)thereisusuallyanobviousincreaseinunemployment.

问题1选项

A.degraded

B.depressed

C.reduced

D.lessened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项degrade“贬低,降低”;B选项depress“压抑,使沮丧,使萧条”;C选项reduce“减少,降低”;D选项lessen“减少,减轻”。句意:当商业萧条的时候,失业率通常会明显上升。选项B更符合逻辑。

13.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,()theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.

问题1选项

A.inadditionto

B.byvirtueof

C.asopposedto

D.forthesakeof

【答案】B

【解析】介词短语含义辨析。inadditionto“除...之外(还有,也)”;byvirtueof“由于,凭借”;asopposedto“与…截然相反,对照”;forthesakeof“为了,为了…的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用,因为其卫生,结实,便宜。选项B符合语境。

14.单选题

Shecasthereyesroundtheroomin______ofachairtositin.

问题1选项

A.demand

B.requirement

C.question

D.quest

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项demand“要求;需求”,indemandof非固定搭配,demandforsth.“要求某物”;B选项requirement“必需品;必备条件”;C选项question“疑问;议题;困惑”;D选项quest“探索,寻找”,inquestofsth.“寻找/探索某事物”。句意:她向房间四下看,______椅子来坐。根据语境,这里指在房间里到处看,想找把椅子坐,D选项quest“探索,寻找”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

“Betterlatethannever”isa____thatisveryfamiliartomostEnglishspeakers.

问题1选项

A.plaudit

B.platitude

C.plenty

D.plenary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.plaudit赞美B.platitude陈词滥调

C.plenty丰富D.plenary全体会议

【答案】B

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词的后面有一个定语从句对它进行解释,其句意为“对于大多数说英语的人来说非常熟悉”;另外,该词指的是前面的俗语“迟做总比不做好”,由此可知,空格处的内容与“人们非常熟悉的俗语”类似,因此,B选项platitude“陈词滥调”符合原句语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句语义逻辑。

【句意】“迟做总比不做好”是陈词滥调,大多数说英语的人都对此非常熟悉。

16.翻译题

巩固和加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作,始终是中国外交的基本立足点,也是中国全方位对外合作的重要组成部分。历史证明,只要我们从长远考虑,妥善处理彼此的分歧,我们就能在国际经济、贸易、金融、环境等重大问题上发出一致声音,提高我们的影响力,维护我们的共同利益。近年来,中国对与其他发展中国家合作的投入不断增加,合作的形式日益丰富。虽然中国本身受到金融危机的严峻影响,中国仍将在力所能及的范围内继续向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国领导人相继提出了同发展中国家加强合作、实现共同发展的重大举措。作为人口众多的发展中国家,中国面临加快自身发展的问题。中国将始终不渝地奉行互利共赢的开放战略,与广大发展中国家一道,为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界做出贡献。

【答案】Toconsolidateandstrengthensolidarityandcooperationwithotherdevelopingcountries,isalwaysthefundamentalstandpointofChina’sdiplomacy,isalsoacomprehensiveinternationalcooperationisanimportantpartofChina.Historyprovesthataslongaswethinkaboutthelongerterm,properlyhandletheirdifferences,wecanintheinternationaleconomicandtradeonsuchmajorissuesconsistentsoundfinancialenvironment,improveourinfluence,ourcommoninterests.Inrecentyears,China’sinvestmentincooperationwithotherdevelopingcountriescontinuetoincrease,intheformofcooperationisbecomingmoreandmorerich.AlthoughChinaitselfisaffectedbytheseriousfinancialcrisis,Chinawillstillbewithinthescopeofthepowertocontinuetoprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountries.China’sleadershavebeenputforwardtostrengthencooperationwithdevelopingcountriesamajormeasureforachievingcommondevelopment.Asapopulousdevelopingcountry,Chinaisfacedwiththeproblemofacceleratingthedevelopmentoftheirown.Chinawillunswervinglypursuethewin-winstrategyofopeningup,alongwithdevelopingcountries,topromotetheconstructionofamoreharmoniousandprosperousworld.

17.翻译题

ThenationsmeetinghereinShanghaiunderstandwhatitisstake.Ifwedonotstandagainstterrorismnow,everycivilizednationwillatsomepointbeitstarget.Wewilldefeattheterroristsbydestroyingtheirnetwork,whereveritisfound.Wewillalsodefeattheterroristsbybuildinganenduringprosperitythatpromisesmoreopportunityandbetterlivesforalltheworld'speople.

ThecountriesofthePacificRimmadethedecisiontoopenthemselvesuptotheworld,andtheresultisoneofthegreatdevelopmentsuccessstoriesofourtime.Thepeoplesofthisregionaremoreprosperous,healthier,andbettereducatedthantheywereonlytwodecadesago.Andthisprogresshasprovedwhatopennesscanaccomplish.

【答案】在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果我们现在不制止恐怖主义,每个文明国家都将在某一时刻成为其袭击目标。我们将摧毁恐怖分子的一切联络,无论他在何地。我们还将通过建立持久的繁荣,为全世界人民带来更多的机会和更好的生活,从而击败恐怖分子。

亚太地区各国决定向世界开放,这是我们这个时代伟大的发展成就之一。与过去仅仅20年前相比,该地区人民的生活更繁荣,更健康,受教育程度更高。这样的进步证明了开放的成果。

18.单选题

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare()availablethesedays.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人电脑对普通人来说不再遥不可及,现在电脑很容易买到。

考查副词辨析。promptly敏捷地,迅速地;instantly立即地;readily容易地轻而易举地;quickly迅速地。故C项符合句意。

19.单选题

Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.Toloseweightyousimplyhadtopracticethereverseofhomeeconomics—spendmorethanyouearned.Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.

Tostayahealthyweight,youneedahormonecalledleptontoworkproperly.Itsends“I’mfull”messagesfromthefatcellsuptothebrain,wheretheygo,amongotherplaces,tothesamepleasurecentersthatrespondtodrugslikecocaine.Fatpeopleproduceplentyoflepton,butthebraindoesn’tseemtorespondtoitproperly.LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit(线路)wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.

There’salotofevidenceforthefactthatmost,ifnotall,ofushaveasetpointaroundwhichourweightcanvarybyaboutseventoninekilos,butanythingbeyondthatisarealstruggle.Makingchangesishard,particularlyifyourbodyisworkingagainstyou.Sowhynotrejectthetraditionalapproachesandtrysomenewmethod,basedonthelatestresearch,thatworkwithyourbodyratherthanagainstit.

SeveralyearsagoresearchersattheNationalInstituteonAginginBaltimorereportedthatwhentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.Thesamegoesforhumans,accordingtoDr.JamesJohnson.

Howdoesitwork?Besidesforcingthebodytoburnfat,itmayalsocausehormonalchanges.Mostpeoplesaythatthediettakesabitofgettingusedto,butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.

Olderdietersmayremembersomethingcalledbrownfat.Unliketheundesirablewhitestuff;thiswasadieter’sdream.Insteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.Brownfatfelloutoffavorbecauseresearcherscouldn’tfindmuchinhumansbutnow,thankstotheNewEnglandjournalofMedicine,it’sbackinfashion.Theideaistoexposepeopletocoldtemperatures.Theythenmakemorebrownfatandtheirweightdrops.

1.Thelastsentenceinparagraph1indicatesthatpeople’sunderstandingoflosingweight().

2.AccordingtothefindingsoftheOregonResearchInstitute,().

3.ThemethodusedbytheNationalInstituteonAgingcanbesummarizedas“()”.

4.Theword“grinding”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto().

5.Itcanbelearnedthatbrownfat().

问题1选项

A.isunnecessarilycomplicated

B.seemsratherunreasonable

C.usedtobelimited

D.canbepartlyjustified

问题2选项

A.Overweightpeoplegotlesspleasurefromeatingthesameamount

B.Overweightpeopleenjoyedeatingmorethantheothersdo

C.Peoplewillbecomeoverweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneed

D.Peoplearemorelikelytobeoverweightiftheyproducelesslepton

问题3选项

A.Nodietatall

B.Dietonadailybasis

C.Dieteveryotherday

D.Dietpermanently

问题4选项

A.Effective

B.Realistic

C.Unreliable

D.Miserable

问题5选项

A.convertsexcessenergyintofat

B.accumulateseasilyinhumanbodies

C.worksbetterinwarmtemperatures

D.burnsextraenergytoproduceheat

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段说到“Onceuponatime,peoplebelievedstayingahealthyweightwaseasy.(从前,人们认为保持健康的体重很容易。)”;“Unfortunatelyformany,butperhapsnotsurprisingly,itturnsoutthatpeoplearerathermorecomplicatedthanbankaccounts.(不幸的是,对许多人来说,事实证明人比银行账户复杂得多,但这也许并不令人意外。)”,由这两句可以看出以前人们对减肥的概念很片面、有限,殊不知人体机能是很复杂的,所以最后一句话表明了人们对减肥的理解是很有限的,A选项“复杂难懂的”;B选项“似乎是相当不合理的”;D选项“部分可以被证明的”都不符合段意,因此C选项“过去是有限的”正确。

2.事实细节题。theOregonResearchInstitute的研究出现在第二段,原文“LastyearresearchersattheOregonResearchInstitutescannedthebrainsofoverweightpeopleandfoundtheirrewardcircuit(线路)wereunderactive.Theywereeatingmoretotrytogettheenjoymenttheyweremissing.(去年俄勒冈州研究所研究人员扫描超重的人,发现他们的大脑奖赏回路(线路)是不够的。他们吃得更多,试图获得他们错过的乐趣。)”的意思是胖的人和其他人吃同等数量的食物时,他们获得的乐趣会比其他人少,因为他们大脑中的奖赏回路不如其他人,因此会吃更多来试图获得乐趣。B选项“超重的人比其他人吃得更多”;C选项“如果人们吃得比需要的多,他们就会超重”;D选项“如果产生的瘦素较少,人们更有可能超重”都不是该研究的内容,因此A选项“超重的人在吃同样数量的食物时得到的快乐较少”正确。

3.推理判断题。theNationalInstituteonAging的研究出现在第四段,原文说到“whentheygaveratsverylittlefoodonedayandallowedthemtoeatplentythenext,theyshowedvirtuallyallthebenefitsofapermanentcalorierestrictiondiet.(当他们一天给老鼠很少的食物,第二天让它们吃大量的食物时,它们几乎显示出了长期限制卡路里饮食的所有好处。)”。所以这个方法可以总结为隔天节食。A选项“不节食”不正确;B选项“日常节食”也不正确;D选项“永久性节食”也不是该研究的内容,因此C选项“隔天节食”正确。

4.词义猜测题。第五段“butisnotasgrindingastryingtocutbackonaneverydaybasis.(但并不像每天尝试节食那么痛苦。)”。grinding的意思是“无休止的;(状态)难熬的”,A选项Effective“有效的,实际的”;B选项Realistic“现实的,逼真的”;C选项Unreliable“不可靠的,靠不住的”;D选项Miserable“痛苦的,悲惨的”。因此D选项正确。

5.事实细节题。brownfat出现在文章第六段。“Insteadofstoringexcessenergyasfat,brown-fattissueburneditofftokeepyouwarm—atleastinmice.(棕色脂肪组织并没有以脂肪的形式储存多余的能量,而是通过燃烧来保持体温——至少在老鼠身上是这样的。)”,该句说明棕色脂肪燃烧多余的能量来产生热量。A选项“把多余的能量转化成脂肪”;B选项“容易在人体内积聚”;C选项“在温暖的温度下工作效果更好”都与原文事实不符,因此D选项“燃烧额外的能量产生热量”正确。

20.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Formanyyears,Wisconsinhadoneofthefinestpublic-universitysystemsinthecountry.(46)Itwasbuiltonanidea:thattheuniversity’sinfluenceshouldnotendatthecampus’sborders.Thatprofessors—andthestudentstheytaught—should“searchfortruth”tohelpstatelegislatorswritelaws,aidthecommunitywithtechnicalskills,andgenerallyimprovethequalityoflifeacrossthestate.

ManypeopleattributetheWisconsinIdea,asitisknown,toCharlesVanHise,thepresidentoftheUniversityofWisconsinfrom1903to1918.(47)“IshallneverbecontentuntilthebeneficentinfluenceoftheUniversityreacheseveryfamilyofthestate,”Hisesaidinanaddressin1905.“Ifourbelovedinstitutionreachesthisidealitwillbethefirstperfectstateuniversity.”Hisideawaswrittenintothemissionofthestate’suniversitysystem,andovertimethatsystembecameamodelforwhatpublichighereducationcouldbe.

(48)Butthebackboneoftheideaalmostwentawayin2015,whenGovernorScottWalkerreleasedhisadministration’sbudgetproposalwhichincludedachangetotheuniversity’smission.TheWisconsinIdeawouldbetweaked.The“searchfortruth”wouldbecutinfavorofachargeto“meetthestate’sworkforceneeds.”

TothoseoutsideWisconsin,theproposedchangemighthaveseemedsmall.Afterall,what’ssobadaboutaneducationalsystemthatpropelspeopleintoahigh-techeconomy?(49)ButtomanyWisconsinites,thechangestruckattheheartofthestate’sidentity.Theyarguedthattheidea—withitcoretenetsoftruth,publicservice,and“improvingthehumancondition”—iswhatmakesWisconsin,Wisconsin.

(50)WalkerultimatelyscrappedhisattempttoaltertheWisconsinIdea,claimingthathisadministrationhadn’tmeanttochangeit,thatitwasjusta“draftingerror.”AndsotheWisconsinIdeawaspreserved—atleastinanofficialsense.

Butthoughthewordssurvivedintact,manyWisconsinitesbelievethatintheyearssince,thechangeWalkerhadproposedhastakenplacenevertheless.Andoneofthestate’sinstitutions,theUniversityofWisconsinatStevensPoint,istheepicenterofthatchange.

Inmid-November,theuniversityannounceditsplanstostopofferingsixliberal-artsmajors,includinggeography,geology,French,German,two-andthree-dimensionalart,andhistory.Theplanstunnedobservers,manyofwhomarguedthatatatimewhenNazismisresurgent,societyneedsforpeopletoknowhistory,eveniftheeconomymightnot...

【答案】【参考译文】

46.它建立在这样一个理念之上:大学的影响力不应止于校园边界。教授们和他们教的学生们应该“寻找真相”,帮助州立法人员制定法律,用技术技能帮助社区,并总体上改善整个州的生活质量。

47.希斯在1905年的一次演讲中说:“除非大学的成就能惠及州内的每一个家庭,否则我是永远不会满足的。”

48.但在2015年,当州长斯科特•沃克公布了他的政府的预算提案,其中包括改变大学的使命,这一思想的支柱几乎消失了。

49.但对许多威斯康辛人来说,这一变化是该州身份认同的核心。

50.沃克最终放弃了改变威斯康辛思想的尝试,并声称他的政府没有想要改变它,它只是一个“起草错误”。

21.单选题

Thepartywasexcellent,andI’dliketothankallthe___.

问题1选项

A.concerningpeople

B.peopleconcerning

C.peopleconcerned

D.concernedpeople

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语。concerned是分词形容词,其意为“有关的”(involved);concerning是由分词转换而成的介词,其意为“关于”(relatingto),结合句意:这个聚会太棒了,我要感谢所有___人。可知本句表达“有关的人”,排除A选项和B选项,concerned通常作后置定语,放在修饰的词之后。因此C选项正确。

22.单选题

Thegirlwas()Juliaafterhergrandmother.

问题1选项

A.appointed

B.named

C.nominated

D.elected

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。benamedafter以…的名字命名,和…的名字一样。句意:这个女孩以她祖母的名字命名为茱莉亚。选项B正确。

23.单选题

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

问题1选项

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

问题2选项

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

问题3选项

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

问题4选项

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

问题5选项

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度观点题。根据第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.(是时候重新评估男人在美国家庭中的角色了),可见在这篇文章中偏重讲男性在家庭中的角色,故B选项“男人在家庭中的角色”正确。A选项“父母在抚养孩子的过程中的角色”:文章主题不是怎样抚养孩子,故错误。C选项“女性在家庭中的角色”和D选项“家庭中的平等地位”:相对于女性和男女平等,重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重点,故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality(分担任务和决策的模式促进了平等)和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily(在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念),可知作者认为在家务事当中,男女应该平等,故D选项“男人应该在家庭事务中拥有平等的份额”正确。A选项“男人应该待在家里”:文中没有提到,故错误。B选项“女人应该待在家里”:根据第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.(我们几乎已经放弃了女人应该待在家里的说法。),可知作者不认为女性应该待在家里,故错误。C选项“女人应该和男人平等”:本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事务中平等付出,而不是地位平等,故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.观点态度题。根据第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise(家庭是一个协作的事业),可知作者认为在家庭中协作很重要,故A选项“协作”正确。B选项“妈妈主义”和D选项“新爸爸主义”:根据第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.(我们对妈妈主义有点厌倦了——但我们不想用新爸爸主义来代替),可知作者不赞同妈妈主义和新爸爸主义,故错误。C选项“独裁主义”:根据第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences(过度的独裁主义会产生不愉快的后果),可知作者不赞同独裁主义,故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.(在这样的家庭长大的孩子比他们的父母更容易接受平等的观念,也更容易做好充分准备去参与合作而非性别斗争的社会。),第三段最后一句bringingupchildreninvolvesapa

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