考研考博-英语-中国海洋大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国海洋大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

问题1选项

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration头韵；clause从句；（法律文件等的）条款;assertion主张,断言。句意:在陪审团面前,他重申自己无罪的。因此D项符合句意。

2.单选题

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow（）.

问题1选项

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项clockwise“顺时针方向的”；B选项otherwise“否则、其他方面的”；C选项elsewhere“在别处”；D选项likewise“同样的、也”，句意为：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但统计数据却显示出相反的情况。选项B符合题意。

3.翻译题

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Forthetimebeingatleast,contractsarealiveandwell.Theytestifytoanimportantliberalprinciple,namely,thatpeoplecancometogetherasstrangersandvoluntarilycommitthemselvestoanagreementthattakestheplaceofthelawbetweenthem.Thefinalcontract,whetheritiswrittenorspoken,isnottheonlymannerinwhichthelawacknowledgesvoluntaryactionsthatgiverisetocommitmentsastrangermayenforce.Inthecommonlaw,suchcommitmentsmayarisethroughconductonwhichanotherpersonhasarighttorely,ofactindetrimentalreliance(导致损失的信赖)Therightofreliancemayoccurasaresultnotjustofthemakingofacontractbutalsoofthenegotiationandconductpriortoacontract.Intheprocessofnegotiatingacontract,thenegotiatorsestablisharelationship,andtheycometoexpectcertainbehavioroftheirnegotiatingpartners.Thisrelationshipisparticularlyimportantinthecivillaw.

Thenineteenth-centuryGermanlegalphilosopherRudolfvonJheringandhisfollowershavereferredtothisrelationshipasoneofreciprocal(互惠的)trust.Trustbreedsduties.Andifyounegligentlybreachthetrustofanother,youshouldpaycompensation.

Withtheemphasisontrustandreciprocity(互惠)，thecontractisconvertedfromacompetitiveinstitutiondeterminingwhogetsthebestdealintoapotentiallycooperativeenterprise.TheideabehindJhering’semphasisonthecontractingrelationshipisthatdutiesarise,andtheyarenotnecessarilydutiesofperformance.Theymightbedutiesofconcern,ofreciprocalattentiontotheinterestsoftheother,andtothesuccessoftheventureasawhole.Inthecommonlawworld,theseprecontractualdutieswouldbehardtogroundbecausetherewouldbenoconsiderationtosupportthem.Theyare,bydefinition,precontractual.

【答案】至少在目前看来，契约仍有着很强的生命力。它们证实了一个重要的自由原则，即陌生可以走到一起并自愿地达成一份协议来替代他们之间存在的法律。无论是书面还是口头的，最终契约不是法律认可自愿行为的唯一方式，自愿行为促生了人们可能执行的义务。在普通的法律中，这些义务可能通过另外一个人有权依赖的行为或让信赖损失行为而产生。信赖的权利可能不仅来契约的签订，而且还来自于契约签订前的协商和行为。在合同协商过程中，协议方建立了一种关系，且他们开始期望自己的协议伙伴们遵守某种行为。这种关系在民法中尤其重要。

19世纪的德国法哲学家RudolfvonJhering和他的拥护者们将这种关系称为一种互惠的信任。信任产生责任。如果你疏忽地违背了他人的信任，那么你就应该作出赔偿。

由于强调信任与互惠，契约由决定谁是获得最大好处的竞争性制度转变成了一种由潜在合作性的计划。Jhering对契约关系强调的背后观点是义务产生，且这些义务不是合约履行中的必要责任。总的来说，它们可能是关心、关注另一方利益及企业成功义务。在普通的法律中，由于没有约根支持，所以很难得到落实这些契约前义务。从定义上说，它们是契约前义务。

4.单选题

Terrorismprovestobeamoreseriousproblemthananticipated,anditchallengesbothpolicymakersburdenedwiththedesignofcountermeasuresandsocialscientistswhoarecalledupontoexplainitTerrorism’suniquenatureisrevealedbytwophenomena.First,publicperceptionofthreatanddangerseemstobedisproportionatetoterrorists’actualcapabilities.Second,terrorism,morethananyotherformofwarfare,hasanimpactonatargetgroupimmenselylargerthanthatoftheimmediatevictimsandoftenonpopulationsbeyondthatterrorismbearsprimarilyonindividuals’perceptions,onthe“publicmind”;inotherwords,itisaformofpsychologicalwarfare.

Thepsychologicalimpactsofpoliticalterrorismarepotentiallymanifestinindividuals’emotionalandattitudinalresponses.Intherealmofemotions,thefearandconcernforpersonalsafety,whichterrortacticsmightgiveriseto,isarevealingindicatoroftheireffectiveness.Onecouldargue,ofcourse,thatterrorists’abilitytosowwidespreadfearhardlyneedsproofasitisobviousthatviolenceandparticularlytheterrorists’hallmark,randomlytargetedviolence,areanxietyinducing.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatterrorismhasclaimedrelativelyfewcasualtiestodate,andthatinmostcountriestheactualprobabilityofincurringharmfromterroristicactivityisonlyafractionof,say,theriskofdeathorinjuryinvehicleaccidentsorcommoncrimes.Hence,thepowerofterrorismtointimidateshouldnotbetakenforgranted.

Intimidationandtheinductionoffeararenottheendsofterrorists’activitybutrathermeanstoeffectpoliticalchange.Theirviolenceispredicatedontwoassumptions:(a)Violentactioncanforcethecausespursuedbyterroristsintotheforefrontofanindifferentpublic’sawareness;(b)facedwiththechoicebetweencontinuingviolenceandacceptanceoftheterrorists’demands,thepublicmightoptforthelatter.Thus,theattitudesthatthetargetsofpoliticalterrorismdeveloptowarditsperpetrators,theirobjectives,andtheactionsthatoughttobeundertakenvisrd-visthemconstitutetellingmeasuresoftheeffectivenessofterrorism.

Thepresentinvestigationsoughttoassessthepsychologicalreactionsofapublicwhichhasbeenexposedforaconsiderablelengthoftimetothethreatsandactionsofterrorist.Regardingemotionalimpacts,thedatasuggestthatterrorism’sabilitytointimidate,toinduceworryandconcern,disproportionallyexceedstheactualdamageitcauses.Accordingtothedatagathered,theactualprobabilityofbeingvictimizedbyterroristactivitywasextremelylow;estimatedatlessthan1/20ofthelikelihoodofbeinghurtinaroadaccident.Yetalargemajorityoftherespondentsexpressedworryabouttheriskofpersonallyincurringtheconsequencesofterrorism.Itmightbeuncontrollabilitydramaticallyenhanceitsimpact.Thus,whiletheriskofvehicledrivingmightbefargreaterthanthedangerofterrorism,thecardriverisusuallyreassuredbyasubjectivefeelingofcontrolwhichthepotentialvictimofterrorismlacks.

Thesurveyresultsindicatethatterrorismhasfailedtoproducethechangeinattitudessoughtbyitsperpetrators.Mostrespondentsfavored,instead,therelianceonextremecounterterroristmeasures.ThehardeningofIsraelisattitudestowardterroristsandtheirobjectiveswasalsorevealedbytherespondents’unanimityofopinion.Takentogether,thedataconcerningtheemotionalimpactofterrorismanditseffectsonattitudesdidnotbearouttherationalewhichgovernsterroristicaction.Despitethewidespreadconcernandworryrevealedbythesedata,therewasnoevidenceofanywillingnesstopoliticallyconcedetoterrorists.Onthecontrary,andasalreadynoted,themajorityadvocatedtheadoptionofharshmeasuresagainstterrorists.Thus,atleastinsofarasPalestinianterrorismandtheIsraelipublicareconcerned,provestobecounterproductive.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutterrorism?

2.Theauthorstatesthatinjuryordeathismorelikelytobesustainedfromautomobileaccidentsthanbyterrorism,andfromthiswecanconcludethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,fearofterrorismisintensifiedby

（

）.

4.Theauthorcomparespublicperceptionofthethreatofterrorismtotheriskofvehicleinjuryordeathinorderto

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sconclusions?

问题1选项

A.Publicfearisinverselyaffectedbyterrorists’capacityfordestruction.

B.Resolvingtheproblemofterrorismrequirescooperationbetweengovernmentsandterrorists.

C.Terrorismincitesfearinpopulationsbesidesthattargetedandonagreaterscale.

D.Terrorismisaninevitabilityandmustbeeradicated.

问题2选项

A.terrorismisirrelevantandmoretimeandeffortshouldbeallottedtoothersocialdemands

B.theefficacyofterrorismcanbewitnessedbytheemotionalresponseofthepublic

C.anxietyresultingfromterrorismshouldbeclinicallytreated

D.thepsychologicaleffectsofterrorismareinferiortothatofvehicleaccidents

问题3选项

A.theseeminglyhaphazardandunsystematicattacks

B.theincreasedrisksofpersonalinjurybyterrorism

C.ever-collapsingsocialorderduetoendlessglobalterrorattacks

D.theinabilityofgovernmenttocontrolterrorism

问题4选项

A.furtherevaluatethedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwo

B.showthatoneismorelikelytodiefromdailyroutinesthanbyterrorism

C.revealtheinabilityofapersontoinfluencetheoutcomeofaterrorattack

D.exemplifychaostheoryandrevealtheconsequencesofeachact

问题5选项

A.TheobjectivesofterroristsaremetwithpublicdisdainandasaresulttheIsraeligovernmentandIsraelishaveadoptedstringentactiontocounterterrorism.

B.TheIsraelipublicunanimouslybelievedthatthegovernmentshouldconcedetoterrorists’demands,andthegovernmentshouldadoptpoliciesinfavorofterroristsinordertoreduceviolence.

C.Terroristsshouldbepunishedstrictlyandswiftlywithlittleregardfortheterrorists’autonomywhenconcerningimprisonmentandtorture.

D.Israelipublicperceptionofterrorismhasnotchanged,andharshmeasuresforcounterterrorismmustbeadopted;however,governmentsshouldtrytoworkwithterroristgroupswhereapplicabletoreducecasualties.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到“Second,terrorism,morethananyotherformofwarfare,hasanimpactonatargetgroupimmenselylargerthanthatoftheimmediatevictimsandoftenonpopulationsbeyondthatterrorismbearsprimarilyonindividuals’perceptions,onthe‘publicmind’”，恐怖主义对目标群体的影响远远大于对直接受害者的影响，它是对“民心”施加影响。C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文章第二段第一句说到“Thepsychologicalimpactsofpoliticalterrorismarepotentiallymanifestinindividuals’emotionalandattitudinalresponses.Intherealmofemotions,thefearandconcernforpersonalsafety,whichterrortacticsmightgiveriseto,isarevealingindicatoroftheireffectiveness.”由此可知恐怖主义的心理影响体现在每个人的情绪和态度反应上。B选项表示“公众的情绪反应可以证明恐怖主义的效力”符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。文中第四段说到“Yetalargemajorityoftherespondentsexpressedworryabouttheriskofpersonallyincurringtheconsequencesofterrorism.Itmightbeuncontrollabilitydramaticallyenhanceitsimpact.”大部分人很担心恐怖主义带来的人身伤害风险，这加剧了恐怖主义对人们的心理影响。B选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。第四段最后一句说到了两者比较“Thus,whiletheriskofvehicledrivingmightbefargreaterthanthedangerofterrorism,thecardriverisusuallyreassuredbyasubjectivefeelingofcontrolwhichthepotentialvictimofterrorismlacks.”尽管交通事故比恐怖主义事件的危险大得多，但司机觉得自己能控制车辆，而恐怖袭击事件却是不可控的。C选项“揭示了个人对恐怖事件的无能为力”符合题意。

第5题:5.主旨大意题。文章最后一段做出了总结，没有证据表明会对恐怖主义做出政治让步的意愿，大多数人主张对恐怖主义分子采取严厉措施。以色列对恐怖主义及其目的的强硬态度与受访者观点一致。A选项符合题意。

5.单选题

13.

问题1选项

A.Shewillbecomeafamoussingersoon.

B.ShewillbecomeanAmericanidol.

C.Shewillsignupforatalentshow.

D.Shewillsurelystandoutfromthecrowd.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Dad,I’vedecidedtosignupforAmericanIdolinordertobecomeafamoussinger.

M:Oh,honey,don’tyouknowthatit’sreallyhardtostandoutfromthecrowd.

W:Butwherethereisaroadthereisaway.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】常用习语。女孩说：wherethereisaroadthereisaway，表明她已经下定决心参加比赛。

6.单选题

Likeamagazine,anewspaperhasacontentsguidethatindicates______located.

问题1选项

A.whereiseachfeature

B.eachofthefeaturesis

C.eachfeaturewhereitis

D.whereeachfeatureis

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句。where引导宾语从句时，句子中的where相当于theplacewhere，后接的从句用陈述语序。本句中缺少动词indicate的宾语从句，根据句意：像杂志一样，报纸也有一个内容指南，指出每一个专题的位置。可知D选项正确。

7.单选题

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

问题1选项

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。stalls货摊；statures身高，身材；stalks茎秆；statutes法令。句意：成千上万的人整个星期天上午都流连于出售从鞋子到模型火车等各种商品的小摊位。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

It’sinyourbest（）toquitsmoking,foryouhavesomebreathingproblems.

问题1选项

A.sake

B.benefit

C.advantage

D.interest

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：戒烟对你最有利，因为你有一些呼吸问题。beinsb’s(best)interest(s)(todosth)=bethebestthingforsomeone，因此D选项正确。

9.翻译题

在不久的将来，3D打印技术将走进千家万户。有了3D打印机后，人人都可以通过数码设计制造出各种想象中的物体，或者借用不管来自世界哪个角落的某种设计。只需按一个钮，3D打印机就可以用一层层的塑料或其它材质，把你设计的物品在你眼前“打印”出来。10年前的科幻小说情节如今己经成为现实。事实上，能让我们的电脑打印纸质文档的点矩阵(dot-matrix)打印机，这是不久之前才发明出来的，而现在3D打印机又以同样的方式，使我们梦想的各种物体都能呈现在我们眼前。有了3D打印机的魔力，人人都是制造商，唯一能限制我们的，就是我们的想象力。

【答案】Itwon'tbelongbeforeeveryonewillhaveaccesstoa3Dprinter.Armedwitha3Dprinter,everyonecancreatetheirowndigitaldesignforanyimaginedobjectorborrowadesignfromanywherearoundtheworld.Bysimplypressingabuttonmakerscanseta3Dprinterintomotionrenderingthephysicalobjectwithlayersofplasticorothermaterialrightbeforetheireyes.Whatwassciencefictiontenyearsagoisrealitytoday.Itwasn'tlongagowelistenedtothewhirofadot-matrixprinterspittingoutdocumentsfromourcomputers,nowa3Dprinterrendersanyobjectwecandreamupthesameway.Withthemagicof3Dprintingcapabilityweareallmanufacturers,constrainedonlybyourimaginations.

10.单选题

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanhe（

）atthemanager’soffice.

问题1选项

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项declare“断言，宣称，宣布”；B选项obtain“获得，得到”；C选项reclaim“要求归还，收回；认领（失物）”；D选项recognize“认出，认可，承认”。句意：通知说，有人发现了一只钱包，失主可到经理室认领。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

11.单选题

Inthepasttenyearsskyscrapershavedeveloped______inChicagoandNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.homogeneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.harmoniously

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据ChicagoandNewYorkCity可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。

12.填空题

Lastyearthedirectorofourcompanywasaccused（1）corruptionandarrested.Athis（2）threeseniorgovernment（3）testifiedthathehadattemptedtobribethem.Intheendhewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtofifteenyearsin（4）.

【答案】of;trial;officials;prison

【解析】句意:去年，我们公司的董事被控告贪污而被捕。在审判中，三名政府官员举证其试图贿赂他们。最终他被判有罪，判处入狱十五年。

1.固定搭配。beaccusedof被控告。

2.语义题。根据后面的testified（举证）推测此时场景为审判时,故填trail。

3.语义题。根据后面的bribe(贿赂)可以推断出贿赂的对象一般是指“政府官员”，填officials。

4.语义题。句意为:判处入狱十五年。

13.单选题

AnumberofbookslikeReadingFacesandBodyLanguagehave（1）theindividual'stendencytobroadcastthingsthroughallmannerof（2）movementandfacialgymnastics.Suchmatters,madewidelyfamiliarbypopsociology,anthropologyandpsychology,havebecomethestuffofcommonconversation.MichaelKorda's

Power!HowtoGetIt,HowtoUseIt,

ismainlyaprimerinhowto（3）othersbyacold-bloodedcontrolof（4）signalsthatoccurcommonlyintheworkadayworld:forexample,howexecutivessignaltheirstyleofpower（5）theclothestheychooseandthewaythey（6）heirofficefurniture.

（7）

eyebrow.Involuntary,likeleaningawayfromasalespersonto（9）adeal.SaysJuliusFastinBodyLanguage.“Werubournosesforpuzzlement.We（10）ourarmsto（11）ourselvesortoprotectourselves.We（12）ourshouldersforindifference.”Anycompetentpsychiatristremainsalerttotheexpressionsbywhichapatient'shiddenemotionsmake（13）known.Peopleevensignalbytheodorsthey（14）,asJanetHopson（15）insuperfluousdetailinScentSignals:TheSilentLanguageofSex.Actually,itisimpossibleforanindividualto（16）signalingotherpeople;thepersonwhomutely（17）

humanintercoursesendsoutanunmistakablesignalintheformofuttersilence.SociologistDaneArchecallsreadingsuchsignals“socialintelligence.”Hesaid,“Wemustunshackleourselvesfromthetendencytoignoresilentbehaviorandtopreferwords（18）everythingelse.”Theevidencealloveristhat（19）peoplewandertheearththroughthicketsofverbiages,many,perhapsmost,dopaymoreattentiontowordlesssignalsandaremorelikelytobeinfluencedand（20）bynonverbalmessages.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.explored

C.indicated

D.written

问题2选项

A.body

B.individual

C.physical

D.visible

问题3选项

A.manipulate

B.convey

C.communicate

D.dominate

问题4选项

A.obvious

B.accepted

C.nonverbal

D.subtle

问题5选项

A.by

B.of

C.in

D.with

问题6选项

A.exhibit

B.arrange

C.purchase

D.employ

问题7选项

A.Upon

B.In

C.During

D.At

问题8选项

A.elaborated

B.confined

C.revised

D.raised

问题9选项

A.embrace

B.resist

C.clutch

D.extinguish

问题10选项

A.clasp

B.stretch

C.arouse

D.conceal

问题11选项

A.amuse

B.fortify

C.isolate

D.maintain

问题12选项

A.lift

B.revert

C.dedicate

D.shrug

问题13选项

A.him

B.them

C.himself

D.themselves

问题14选项

A.spreadout

B.evokeout

C.giveoff

D.dependon

问题15选项

A.documents

B.preaches

C.describes

D.dramatizes

问题16选项

A.permeate

B.avoid

C.reckon

D.ignore

问题17选项

A.guardsagainst

B.restrainsfrom

C.integrateswith

D.withdrawsfrom

问题18选项

A.above

B.over

C.beyond

D.upon

问题19选项

A.before

B.though

C.while

D.whether

问题20选项

A.fabricated

B.transformed

C.apprehended

D.governed

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】（1）根据原文,许多书籍探索了个人传达事物的倾向。concerned关注,一般主语为人,不是物；explored探索,exploresth.有围绕某事物进行研究的意思,符合句意；indicated暗示,一般书的主题都是明确的,不需要用暗示；written写作,其主语也是人,这里的主语是books,所以不正确。

（2）根据原文,个人表达的倾向是通过各种形式的身体语言和面部表情来传达的。首先排除选项B和D,bodymovement指局部的肢体运动,而physicalmovement指全身性的体育运动。所以选项A正确。

（3）原文指这些书里说通过体语言和面部语言,将我们所要表达的信息传达给别人。选项B符合原文。选项A和D都表示操控,选项C一般后面接介词with。

（4）根据上文提到的肢体语言和面部语言,以及下文举例高管通过穿衣风格和办公司设备摆放来展现自己的风格,可知这些信号是非语言的,选项C符合原文。

（5）根据原文可知这里指通过...的方式,选项A正确。

（6）摆放家具在此处用arrange最为合适。

（7）atwork/play为固定搭配。

（8）elaborated详细说明,复杂的；confined限制,狭隘的；revised改进；raised抬起,扬起。原文应该是指扬起眉毛,选项D符合原文。

（9）embrace拥抱,信奉；resist抵抗,抗拒；clutch抓住,紧握；extinguish熄灭,压制。根据前面的leaningawayfromasalesperson,可知是拒绝这单生意,选项B正确。

（10）根据下文的保护自己可以推测,我们应该是紧紧抱住自己的手臂。选项A正确。

（11）根据原文,我们紧紧抱住自己的手臂是为了和保护自己。Fortify表增强,加强,还有设防于的意思,和protect意思相近,所以选项B符合原文。

（12）shrugshoulders为常用搭配,意为耸肩。

（13）这里的apatient并不是指具体的某一个病人,"而是用冠词+名词单数形式,表示对所有病人的统称,所以应该用复数,首先排除了选项A和C。根据上下文,是病人自己的表情让医生知道了病人自己的隐藏情绪,所以选D。

（14）根据原文人们散发出的气味也是一种信号。气味散发用giveoff。spreadout展开,铺开；evokeout唤起；dependon依靠。

（15）documents记载；preaches说教；describes描述；dramatizes使戏剧化。根据后面的insuperfluousdetail可知,应该是详细的描述。选项C正确。

（16）根据下文,一个人如果沉默地不与人交往,就会以完全沉默的形式发出一个明白无误的信号。说明即使他们不喜欢与人交往,但还是不可避免的发出信号。选项B符合原文。

（17）guardsagainst防止,提防；restrainsfrom控制,抑制；integrateswith使...结合；withdrawsfrom退出,离开。根据后面“sendsoutanunmistakablesignalintheformofuttersilence”以完全沉默的形式发出一个明白无误的信号可知,当他悄无声息的退出与人的交流的时候,实际上是以沉默的形式发出信号。所以选项D符合原文。

（18）根据原文我们要将自己从忽视沉默行为的倾向中解放出来,不能将语言看得比其他东西更重要。over和beyond都有超过的意思,但是beyond一般指抽象的概念,和over有一个比较的对象,所以选项B更符合原文。

（19）根据原文,当（尽管）人们漫步于地球上,到处都是废话的情景,许多人,也许是大多数人,的确更加关注无声的信号,更有可能受到非言语信息的影响。while在这里指当...的时候,也可以看做是引导让步状语从句。

（20）fabricated制造,组装；transformed转换,改变；apprehended理解,逮捕；governed管理,支配。根据原文人们的确更加关注无声的信号,更有可能受到非语言信息的影响和改变。

14.单选题

Singerassheis,Mariehasalwayspreferred（

）herownclothes（

）themintheshops.

问题1选项

A.tomake...ratherthanbuying

B.making...insteadofbuying

C.making...insteadoftobuy

D.tomake...tobuy

【答案】B

【解析】句意:尽管是一名歌手，但是玛丽一直更喜欢自己做衣服而不是在商店里购买。

考查固定搭配。Prefer的搭配一般为:prefertodosth.ratherthanto（这个to可省略）dosth.,preferdoingsth.Insteadofdoingsth.综合可知,B项正确。

15.单选题

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBacon,thattheearthdidnotmovewasafactbecauseitcouldbeseennottomove;andforBaconitwasafactthatlifewasbeingspontaneouslygeneratedbecausemaggotsalwaysdevelopedinputridfleshandfrogsappearedaftereveryrain.

WhatisclearisthatthegreatbreakthroughsofNewton,Darwin,orMarxcouldneverhavebeenachievedsolelyonthebasisofBaconianfactgathering.Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.

21.AccordingtoBacon,facts（）.

22.Datacollectionshouldbeperformedbyilliterateassistants,（）.

23.AccordingtoBacon,knowledgecanbeobtained（）.

24.Spontaneousgenerationoflife（）.

问题1选项

A.aredeterminedbyobservations

B.canonlybeunderstoodthroughlogicalreasoning

C.haveahierarchy

D.aregatheredbyilliterateassistants

问题2选项

A.accordingtoBacon,asitledtospeculation

B.accordingtoBacon,topreventtheoriesfrombeingformulatedoninsufficientdata

C.wasanotionBaconstronglyopposed

D.wasanotionrejectedonthegroundsthatitledtoprematurespeculations

问题3选项

A.bysubjectingtheoriestorigorouslogicalanalysis

B.notthroughpoliticalorreligiousdogmas,butthroughreason

C.byobservationalone

D.throughtheinductivemethod

问题4选项

A.wasaknownfactinBacon'stime

B.isverifiedbymaggotsinputridflesh

C.ismoreapparentthanreal

D.isaspeculationwhichhasnobasisinobservation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】21.细节推断题。根据“FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.（培根（FrancisBacon）提出，科学在于提高实验和观察的权威，而不是理性、直觉和惯例的权威。）”即可合理推断得出本题答案。

22.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“illiterateassistants”“datacollection”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句，“Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.（尽管今天许多人仍然把收集事实并把它们归纳成理论作为科学方法的核心，但是培根关于事实和理论是什么以及它们之间的关系的概念，即使在他那个时代也是完全不切实际的。）”从而得出本题答案。

23.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句和第三句。“Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful‘axioms’.Thisiswhathemeantby‘induction’.（培根认为，随着越来越可靠和精确的特定事实的积累，它们可以被分类和概括，从而形成一个不断扩大的有用的‘公理’层次结构。这就是他所说的‘归纳法’。）”从而得出本题答案。

24.

细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段最后一句，“Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.（若没有理论指导事实的收集，没有理论区分表面现象和重要现象，那么事实总是不可靠的。）”从而可进行合理推断得出本题答案。

16.单选题

Onthisdayin2004,Comcast,America’slargestcableoperator,abandonsits$54billionhostiletakeoverbidfortheWaltDisneyCompanyinthefaceoffalteringstockpricesandDisney’scontinuedrefusaltoentertaintheproposal.

Ifaccepted,Comcast’sFebruarybidwouldhavemadeitthelargestmediacompanyintheworld.Forits$54billioninstock,ComcastwouldhavereceivedcontrolofDisney’sfilmstudio,theABCtelevisionbroadcastingnetworkandthecablechannelESPN,amongotherassets.

BasedinPhiladelphia,ComcasthadbegunasaregionalcablecompanyinTupelo,Mississippi,andincreaseditsholdingsthroughaseriesoflucrativeacquisitions.Ithadusedasimilar“bearhug”campaigninJuly2001,whenitlaunchedanunsolicitedproposaltobuyAT&TCorp’scableassets,thenknownasAT&TBroadband.Overayearlater,itsuccessfullyclosedthatdealforabout$40billion.

Observersoftheproposedmergerpredictedproblemssimilartothosethathadfacedothermediagiants,suchasAOL-TimeWarner,includingscrutinyfromtheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC),whichhadobjectedtoownershipoflocalnetworksandcablestationsinthesamemarket.

TheComcast-Disneybattlehighlightsanimportant,thoughseeminglycontradictoryfact.WhileAmerica’sbigcorporatebossesneedtobeheldmorestrictlytoaccount,byacombinationofbetterrules,bettergovernanceandmoredemandingshareholders,themediabusinessinwhichthesegiantmediafirmsoperateactuallyneedstheopposite—less,notmore,regulations.WhenFCGannouncedthatitwouldeasemodestlytherulesgoverningwhichsortofmediacompanycanmergewitheachother,liberalandconservativeAmericansalikenoisilyprofessedtheirhorrorattheprospectsofBigMediabecomingevenbigger.

OpponentsofBiggerMediamaketwomainarguments.First,theysay,theconcentrationofownershipreducesmediavoices,restrictsdiversityandthusweakensdemocracy.Second,themarriageofmediacontent(news,films,TVshows)withmediadistribution(TVorradionetworks,internetservicesandthelike)furtherincreasesthepowerofmediabaronsoverviewers,readersandlisteners,asthemediagiantsusetheirsalespowertobattertheirwayintolivingrooms.Comcast’sproposedmergerwithDisneyfallsmainlyintothissecondcategory.

Nevermindthatthereislittlesystematicevidencetosupportthecrudeequationofmediabaronwithasinglepolitical“view”,andthattheInternet,withitsanarchicbloggersandwealthofinformation,rendersalleffortstocontrolminds,atleastinAmerica,somewhatmoot.BigMedia—likeBigTelecoms,BigCableandBigSatellite,nottomentionBigMusicandBigFilm,isnotoverweeningandalmighty,butthreatenedandvulnerable.Theobstacletodominanceinanyoftheseindustriesistheonwardmarchofdigitaltechnologywhich,asitcombineswiththespreadofbroadbandInternetconnections,isunderminingmostfirms’businessmodels.Al