讲义大学英语自学教程(上下)

UnitlTextAHowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?搭配：disagreewith不同意/动词词组guaranteesth.forsb.保证某人某事/动词词组e.g.Thiswillnotguaranteesuccessforeveryadultlanguagelearner.这样不能确保每一位学习语言的成年人都成功。bedifferentfrom与什么不同/形容词词组succeedinsth./doingsth.成功做某事/动词词组offeradvicetosb.给某人建议/动词词组playwithsth.轻松学习某事物/动词词组inmanyways再很多方面/介词词组dependonsb./sth.forsth.依靠某人或某事而获得某事/动词词组discoverone飞ownwaytodosth.发现并用自己的方法做某事/动词词组insteadofsth./doingsth.想反/而没有做某事/介词词组waitforsb.todosth.等待某人做某事/动词词组lookforsth./sb.寻找某人或某物/动词词组makeamistake犯错误/动词词组beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事/形容词词组bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事/形容词词组dosth.withapurpose有目的地做某事/故意做某事/动词词组beinterestedinsth./sb.对某人或某物很感兴趣/形容词词组communicatewithsb.与某人交流/动词词组learnfromsb.想某人学习mightdowelltodosth.最好做某事句型：S.+V.+it+adj.+todosth.形式宾语句型n.e.g.Somepeoplefinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.Somepeoplefinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularly.Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.形式主语句型e.g.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnforthem.语言点：success(n.)-successful(adj.)-succeed(v.)成功hundredsofpeople与eighthundredpeople：请注意有数词存在后，表量名词的变化。advice/information为不可数名次。不能有复数形式。practicedoingsth.练习做某事lessthan+adj.不怎么+形容词的含义$11：lessthanhappy不怎么开心阅读技巧：converselyontheotherhand这两个词出现时，下文所讲内容将与上文所提内容截然相反。TextB Language搭配：withthehelpof在什么的帮助卜atatable坐在桌旁（准备就餐）inthisway这样meantodosth.本意是想要做某事notatall+adj.一点也不+相容词的含义e.g.notatallthirsty一点也不渴asyousee可见consistof包括，组成osth.把什么融入什么句型：notonly...butalso，・.不但・・,而且・・・e.g.Wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.我们不但可以在语言的帮助卜，还可以用其它的方式来告诉别人我们在想什么。neither...nor…既不...也不e.g.Peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.既不能听也局能说的人也可以用他们的手指来彼此交流。eachtime每一次（连词：用来连接两个句子）e.g.Heshookhisheadeachtimethewaiterbroughthimsomethingtodrink.每一次服务员给他拿来喝的东西他都摇头。语言点：mean-meant;shake-shook;meet-met半系动词后加名词：looksad;keepsilent说语言要用speak阅读技巧：forinstance或forexample后的文字是用来支持阐述上面所述文字的。Unit2TextA TaxeSyTaxes,andMoreTaxes搭配：besureof确保、一定、毫无疑问/形容词词组haveacornerin/onsth.垄断/动词词组e.g.haveacomeronthetextilemarket垄断纺织市场haveacomerintextile对纺织品进行垄断leadtheworldwithsth.以什么来引领世界/动词词组varyinsth.有差异e.g.varyinideas想法有差异varysth.改变e.g.varyyourattitude改变你的观点varywith随什么而改变varyfromsth./sb.tosth./sb.什么什么各不相同e.g.varyfrompersontoperson人人不同varyfromplacetoplace每个地方各不相同sth.isdue.到了该什么的时间了。e.g.Thefederaltaxesaredue.到了该收税款的时间了besimilarto与什么一样/形容词词组buysth.for十多少钱/动词词组e.g.buyapacketofcigarettesfortwenty-fivecents.inadditiontosth./doingsth.除了(表示加的概念)/名词词组e.g.Inadditiontoteaching,sheisinchargeofmanagingthewholeschool.InadditiontohisflatinChaoyang,hehasantherflatinHwoforms以两种形式chargeonsth.收取什么的费用e.g.chargeoncarsinacity.收取城内汽车的费用。bechargedwith被控诉有某种罪行；bechargedbysb.山某人收取费用chargefor收取多少价钱e.g.Howmuchdoyouchargeforthiscar?这辆车你要多少钱？incharge负责e.g.Whoisinchargehere?谁在这负责？raisefundsfor为什么筹集资金e..graisefundsforeducation为教育筹集资金。complainaboutsth./sb.抱怨某人或某事/动词词组；complainofsth.述说病情spendsth.indoingsth.;spendsth.onsth.花费时间；金钱；精力做某事/动词词组havedifferentviewsonsth./sb.对某人或某事有不同观点/动词词组tendtodosth.倾向做某事;agreeonsth. 同意做某事；agreewithsb.与某人意见一致语言点：salary工资(n.)-salaried工资的(adj.)apercentageof表示抽象概念；数字+percenlof表示多少的百分比work表示工作没有复数；works表示工厂或著作TextB Advertising语言点：partof某整体中的一部分(可大，可小；但不可分割)；apartof某整体中很小的一部分onradio/television通过收音机/电视sth.isavailable.可以提供某物搭配：attractsb/sattention吸引某人注意/动词词组forthemostpart很大程度上，在大多数情况下，一般地说/作插入语persuadesb.Todosth.劝说某人做某事/动词词组putoutads.做广告/动词词组AischaracteristicofBA是B的特征e.g.Quickspeechischaracteristicofme.讲话快是我的特征。catchtheeye吸引某人/动词词组nomorethan仅仅e.g.Whalhesaidisnomorethanrubbish.他说的话仅仅是垃圾。identifywith把什么和什么联系起来e.g.Itishardformetoidentifyhisbehaviorwithhisthought.我很难把他的想法和他的行为联系起来。becarriedoverinto继续下去；遗留下去e.g.Thesametechniqueshavebeencarriedoverintotelevisionads.同样的方法也运用在电视广告中。addsth.tosth.把什么加在什么上/动词词组；mixsth.andsth.把什么和什么融合在一起putupwith忍耐/动词词组e.g.Howcanyouputupwithapersonofhissort.你怎么能容忍他那样的人？beresponsibleforsb./sth为某人或某事负责/动词词组decideonsth.;decidetodosth.决定（做）某事/动词词组makeanestimateofthecosts估计价值/动词词组beinvolvedinsth./doing参与某事/动词词组Unit3TextA TheAtlanticOcean搭配：separateAfromB把某人：或某物分开/动词词组keepsb.fromdoingsth.使某人无法做某事；无法做某事/动词词组ontheaverage平均：below/abovetheaverage在什么的水平以下；上/介词词组furnishsthforsb.给某人提供某物/动词词组pileup折起，累计，若干车辆碰在一起/动词词组语言点：本课带宾补的动词：makee.g.makeearlysailorsunwillingtodosth.（宾补）TwothingsmaketheAtlanticOceanratherunusual.形容词的特殊用法：Itismorethan4000mileswide.（形容词后置）Ontheaveragethewaterisalittlemorethantwomilesdeep.形容词前有as,so,no,too,how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后，如：e.g.Wecouldn'tdoitinsoshortatime.Sheistookindagirltorefuse.Aidsissoterribleadisease.Heistoooldamantodothatkindofjob.suppose+句子=表示一种假设ittakes/took+（某人）+多少时间+lodosth,花了某人多少时间做某事。Itwouldtaketheoceanabout4000yearstodryup.much可以用来修饰形容词的比较级。E.g.muchbetter;muchdeeper.raise为及物动词，后可以加宾语，egraisethepay.（增加工资）；rise为不及物动词（其后不能加宾语，e.g.thesunrisesintheeast.注：宾语为名词，代词，动词的-ing.在一般名词所构成的专有名此前需要加定冠词。E.g.theAzores亚苏尔群岛；theAtlanticOcean大西洋for用来连接两个句子的时候为并列连词，表原因。E.g.Herethewaterisquiet,forthereislittlewind.Inthedaysofsailingvesselsthecrewwereafraidtheywouldbebecalmedhere.主谓一致so...that/such...that句型：太…+句子e.g.Wenowhavesuchfastwaysoftravelingthatthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller.我们现在有太多快速的旅行方式，因此大西洋看起来好像小了很多。So主要用来修饰形容词或副词；such则最终需要修饰名词。across为介词或副词，使用它时，句子中应该已有动词。E.gIcebergsfloatdownfromtheFarNorthacrossthepathsofships.Cross为动词，作谓语或跟在动词不定式lo后面。E.g.Columbussailedformorethantwomonthstocrossit.TextB TheMoon搭配：bekepttiedtosth./sb.离不开某人/紧紧的依附于某物facetowardssth./sb.面向：faceawayfromsth./sb.背向keepsth./sb.inmind牢记于心belightedupbysth.被什么照亮speakof提及；说到reflectsth.ontosth.把什么反射到什么上去语言点：.半系动词（半系动词后加形容词）：remain/stand/look/appear世界独一无二的事物前应该加定冠词。$11：theearth,theworld,themoonexcept,exceptfor,besides怎么区别？besides“除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。Haveyougotanyclothesbesidesthese?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗？except不包括所引事物。常与no,none,nothing等否定词或all,everyone,everything等连用，但不可用于句首。TheyallwenttotheSummerPalaceexceptone.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。exceptfor常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。Theroadswereclearexceptforafewcars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。enough作为副词时修饰形容词放在形容词后,adj.+enoughforsb.todosth.e.g.itislightenoughforustobeabletoseeitsoutline.初次接触到带介词定语从句，如：Thelightbywhichweseetheoldmoondoesnotcomefromthesun,butfromtheearth.“Theoldmooninthenewmoon'sarms,,isnothingbutthatpartofthemoon'ssurfaceonwhichitisnight.Thereareseveralwaysinwhichwecanmakematerialmoremeaningful.Which代指前面被修饰的名词，翻译时，就把which前的介词放在被修饰的名词前即可。如:Thelightbywhich=bylight通过月光surfaceonwhich=onsurface在月亮上的表面severalwaysinwhich=inseveralways在很多方面感观动词see的特殊用法：seesb.dosh或seesb.doingsth.前者表示看到了全过程，或者表示正在看到的动作。nothingbut表示仅仅E.g.Themoneybroughtnothingbutsadness.这笔钱仅仅带来了痛苦。Unit4TextA ImprovingYourMemory搭配：focusonsb./sth.;befocusedon集中；聚焦；关注/动词词组afocusofattention注意力/名词词组atalllevels在各个层次/介词词组makeanysensetosb.对某人来说有意义；某人不明白某事/动词词组makeadifferenceinsth./doingsth.在什么方面有区别/动词词组abilitytodosth.有能力做某事；注：永远没有abilityofdoingsth./名词词组keepinrandomorder顺序混乱/动词词组osth.把什么按什么分组/动词词组asfollows如下所示/副词词组needlesstosay毋庸多言/作插入语refertosth./doingsth.提到、指的是、参考；referbackto重提某事；refersb.tosb.else让某人去找另外,人e.g.Ifheneedsanyfurtherinformation,referhimtome.如果他还需要了解什么情况，让他来找我。注：prefer更喜欢。relatesth.to/withsth.把什么和什么联系在--起：可指物或事件。associatesb./sth.withsb./sth.把某人或某事联系在一起：特指人。compareAwithB把A和B作比较/动词词组语言点：anumberof表示许多，后面接可数名词复数；anamountof后接不可数名词形式主语句：itis/was+adj.+lodoslh.；todoslh.为真正的主语，it为形式主语e.g.Itisusefultoknowhowtheseprincipleswork.使役动词：makesb.dosth./helpsb.dosth.Categorizingisanothermeansoforganization.注：动i司的・ing做主语；means单复数同型Inmemorizinganumber,youmighttrytoassociateitwithfamiliarnumbersorevents.（注意介词后的动词形式）Researchhasshownstrikingimprovementsinmanytypesofmemorytaskswhenpeopleareaskedtovisualizetheitemstoberemembered,注意动词不定式后使用被动态是山于item和remember之间是被动关系）研究表明当人们被要求用形象的办法来记住东西的时候，各种记忆力都会得到明显的提高。TextB Short-termMemory搭配：incontrast与此相反；同义词conversely,ontheotherhand（阅读技巧：下文和上文的完全转折）overandover一次又一次地/副词词组lookupsth.insth.在什么中查找，查阅什么/动词词组repeatsth.tooneself自言自语/动词词组studysth.withsth.用什么来研究什么/动词词组turnon/tumoffthelights开灯、关灯/动词词组bereleasedfromsomeplace被从什么地方放出/动词词组tobeginwith首先，最初/副词词组语言点：时态问题：在时间状语、条件状语从句中，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时表示将来。E.g.Ifsomeoneinterruptsyou,youwillprobablyforgetthenumber.able—unableFollowingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered.注：Following二after;a15-questiontest=a15questions：test;afive-yearoldboy=afiveyears,oldboyrelate（联系）“elated（相连的）-unrelated（不相关联的）Unit5TextA FallaciesaboutFood搭配：beeagertodosth./beeagerforsth.渴望做某事/动词词组besupposedtodosth.应该，被认为去做某事；itissupposed出at人们认为besuppliedtosb.把某物提供给某人substituteAforB用A来替换B/动词或名词词组washsth.downsth.用什么来流下什么/动词词组havetodowith/havenothingtowith/havemuchtodowith与某人或某事有关/无关/很有关语言点：阅读技巧：阅读时间如果很紧张的话，我们可以把两个逗号间的内容省略不看。使役动词：Eatingdeerwouldmakethemrunasfastasthedeer.Make后用动词原形；同样make也是可以带宾语补足语的动词，e.g.eatingenemiesthathadshownbraveryinbattlewouldmakethembrave.Think也可以带宾语补足语。E.g.Peoplethoughttomatoespoisonous.mayhavedonesth.表示对过去的推测e.g.Hemayhavecriedyesterday.他昨天有可能哭了。Shemayhavefoundajoblastweek,她有可能上个星期已经找到工作了。civil（国民的）civilized（文明的）-civilization（文明）itis/wasthoughtthat有人认为eal-ale（过去时）Lateranotherwrongideaabouttomatoesgrewup.Tomato的复数形式需要在词末加es.Ideagrowsup.出现某种观点。冠词问题：WorldWarII;theSecondWorldWardrink-drunk（过去分词）TextB DoAnimalsThink?搭配：agreatdeal非常/副词词组，放在动词后；agreatdeafof+n.（不可数）大量betruewith（of）sb./sth.什么什么也是真的；如此/动词词组aswell也/副词词组，放在句末beengagedinsth./doing忙于做某事/动词词组searchfor寻找/动词词组insomerespects在一些方面/介词词组takecareof照顾/动词词组makeimprovementin在哪方面取得进步byinstinct本能地/副词词组thinkout周密考虑/动词词组speakof说到/动词词组letsb./sth.out释放/动词词组avarietyof多种多样的/表量词组havenoknowledgeofsth/sb./doingsth.对什么人/什么事/做某事一无所知/动词词组语言点：1.live（v.）—lively（adj.活泼的）2,倒装句：hardworkingastheyare.此处的as表示allhough或though,尽管的意思，但用as时，需要把形容词或副词放在句首+as+顺状语序。该句话翻译成：尽管他们很努力工作。E.g.AlthoughIloveyoumuch,Istillcan'thelpyou.可以转换成：MuchasIloveyou,Istillcan'thelpyou.E.g.Thoughthismovieisverymoving,Istillcan'taffordtimetoseeit.可以转换成：Movingasthismovieis,Istillcan'taffordtimetoseeit.sober冷静的/严肃的：其比较级是moresobercouldhavedone/couldhavebeendone本可以做或被做的事而没有做。couldnothavedone/couldnothavebeendone本不可能做或被做的事而作了主语+isnotlongindoingsth做某事不会花很长时间难句：Manyofthingsthatanimalsknowhowtodotheyseemtoknoweitherwithoutlearning,orinsomewaywhichwecannotunderstand.词句话为倒装语J芋，顺装应为：Theyseemtoknowmanyofthingsthatanimalsknowhowtodo,eitherwithoutlearning,orinsomewaywhichwecannotunderstand.其中：either…or…表示"要么…要么…”把此句可以翻译成：它们似乎知道很多动物做事的方法，这些方法要么不是靠学到的，要么就是以我们所不理解的方式知道的。重要句型：Weneverseefrogsengagedinsport.Theowlalwayslooksasifhewereconsideringsomeimportantquestion.（asif的句型里出现了虚拟语气，由于是对现在的虚拟，所以采用了系动词were的形式）Now,ifhehadhadhiswitsabouthim,hewouldhaveknownthattherewasnouseinbuildingadamwheretherewasnowater.（此句为对过去虚拟的句型，原则为if条件句型用助动词had加上动词的过去分词形式，主句用情态动词would等加上havedone的形式;本句第二个had是haveone'swits这个词组的动词过去分词形式;另外,此处的therewasnousein后面只能接动词的ing形式）Animalsthinkmuchwhilebuildingtheirhouses.（此句话为省略句型之所以用building,一方面是因为在时间状语从句里省略了语主句相同的主语animals和系动词are,另一方面是因为animals可以发出build的动作，所以用主动的doing形式）Theyaresaidtodosth.据说 Itisbythisinstinctthatbirdsbuildtheirnestsandbeaverstheirdamsandhuts.（本句话为强调句型；划线部分为强调句型的基本配置，划线部分之间是被强调成分）Thereasonwhy...做某事的原因Itisplainthal+从句很明显Theirmindsaresomuchunlikeoutsthattheydonotknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.（此句为so…that…句型;unlike为adj.表示不像）Unit6TextA Diamonds搭配：osth.把什么变成什么/动词词组existin存在于/动词词组massof团、堆、块/表量词组becomepopularwith/amongsb.受谁的喜欢，欢迎/动词词组comeatagoodtime适逢其时/动词词组berunningout渐渐用尽/动词词组handfulsof成捧的（东西）/表量词组sortout淘选出/动词词组语言点：bemadefromslh.指sth.已看不出原材料（如酒是高粱做的）；bemakeofsth.指slh.可.以看出原材料（如桌子是木头做的）itisthoughlthal+从句人们认为goodenoughfordoingsth.好到可以做某事experience^/v.>experienced（adj.有经验的）beclassedas被作为什么而分类/动词词组theformer...thelatter前者，后者TextB TheDifferencebetweenPlantsandAnimals搭配：tellAfromB辨别/动词词组besatisfiedwithsb/sth./doingsth.对什么/某人表示满意/动词词组takeplace发生（无法阻止的事情）/动词词组liein存在于/动词词组liveonsth.靠什么而生存/动词词组workwonders创造奇迹/动词词组takeintheriches吸取精华/动词词组suckup吸收，吸取/动词词组bedifferentfrom与什么不同语言点：Therearemanyplantswhichhaveneitherrootsnorleavesnorflowers,whiletherearesomeanimalswhichseemtohaveallthree,（neither…nor句型表示两者都不）e.g.Peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.（并列动词）；MydoctortoldmeIshouldneithersmokenordrink.（并歹U动词）；Sheneitherknowsnorcareswhathashappenedtoherex-husband.（并歹动词）冠词问题：Thebluehaze,likesmoke,isthedividinglinebetweentheheavensandtheearth.（世界上独一无二的东西）。Youmaylookatagroupofcowsstandingunderthetreesorcatchabeeathisearlydrinkinamorning-glorybell.Lookat为感官动词，其后可以加动词原形，也可以用动词的ing形式。用动词原形表明看到了全过程，用动词的ing形式表示看到动作正在进行中。magnify".放大）一magnifyingglass（adj.放大镜）puzzle（v.使迷惑）一puzzling（adj.某事/某人/给某人造成了迷惑的情感）一puzzled（adj.自身感到很迷惑）stomach的名词复数形式为stomachsTheyseemanythingswhichmostpeoplewouldfailtosee.failtodosth.不能做某事主谓一致问题：分数或百分比后面的谓语动词采用何种形式要看其后紧跟的名词，如所跟名词为可数名词复数，则谓语动词采用复数形式；所跟名词为不可数名词，则谓语动词采用单数形式。是就近原则的一种。E.g.Wenowknowthataboutonefourthofallthekindsofseaweedareanimals.betodosth.是将来时的一种，表示命令或计划做某事Animalscanliveonlyonwhatplantshavealreadyturnedfrominorganictovegetablematler.（以后在名词型从句处做具体讲解）Nobirdnorfishnorotheranimalcouldeverhavelivedonthisearth,iftheplantshadnotcomefirstandfitteditforthedwellingplaceofahigherorderofbeings.（对过去进行虚拟：主句用情态动词+havedone,从句用过去完成时haddone的形式）Ittakesupsuchpartsofthesoilasaredissolvedinthewater,（as的句型是特殊的定语从句句型，山于前面出现了such才会采用as来做定语从句的关系代词；takeup的意思是吸收；本句话的意思为：植物还会吸收能够在水中溶解的部分土壤。）Unit7TextAFamiliesTextA搭配：descendfrom从什么传下来的/动词词组thinkof...as...把什么看作是/动词词组farawayfrom远离/副词词组feelingofbelongings归属感/名词词组withthechange随着变化/介词词组carefor照顾/动词词组splil叩裂变，离婚/动词词组talkof谈及/动词词组语言点：Havingafamilysimplymeanshavingchildren.（前一个动词的ing形式放在means这个谓语动词前是动名词作主语；后一个动词ing形式放在means这个谓语动词后是动名词作宾语）Nomatter+（if,whether,how,what,when,who,where,which等连词）+句子.表示无论 Everyfamilyhasasenseofwhatafamilyis.industry（n.工业）一industrial（adj.工业的）一industrialize”.使工业化）increase（增长）这个动词经常用在进行时态中。Mostsingleparentsfinditverydifficulttotakecareofafamilyalone,sotheysoonmarryagainandformremarriedfamilies4形式宾语句型：主语+谓语+it+n./adj.+lodo+其他）TextB TheChangingAmericanFamily搭配：beimportanttosb.对某人很重要/动词词组providefor为谁提供什么/动词词组beexpectedtodosth.应该做某事/动词词组takecareof照顾/动词词组workforpay为了赚钱而工作/动词词组be（not）consideredtobe/dosth.被认为是什么，做什么/动词词组makedecisionsaboutsth./doingsth.做什么决定/动词词组workingwife工作的妻子/名词词组helpsb.withsth,帮助某人什么/动词词组incontrast与此相反/副词词组getreadyfor为什么做好准备/动词词组bebusywithsth./bebusy（in）doingsth.忙于做某事/动词词组inconclusion最后/副词词组bringchangestosb/sth..给某人带来了变化/动词词组语言点：similar（adj.相似的）一similarly（adv.相似地）・・similarity（n.相似）mayhavedonesth.对过去发生的事情进行推断e.g.Shemayhavebeenmarried.她有可能已经结婚了。Unit8TextA TelecommunicationviaSatellite搭配：Atthebeggingofsth.在什么的开始/介词词组Changeinto转变成/动词词组From...to...从…到/介词词组Pickup接收/动词词组Becapableofsth./doingsth.某人能够胜任某职位；某事有可能做某事/形容词词组Intheory理论上地/副词词组Haveaccesstosth./doingsth.接触，使用，可接近/动词词组e.g.Youcaneasilyhaveaccesstohim.他很好接近。Wehavefreeaccesstohermaterials.我们可以免费使用她的材料。Providehelptopeople为人们提供帮助/动词词组Beabletodosth.能够做某事/形容词词组Followsb.sinstructionsonsth.在什么事上听从某人的意见/动词词组Carefor照顾/动词词组Aswellas也/起到连接作用的词组Bearisktosth./doingsth.做某事很冒险/名词词组Payforsth.为某样物品付款/动词词组Isolatesth./sb.fromsth./sb.市某人/某物与某人或某物隔绝/动词词组Doone'sbanking存钱或取钱（银行业务）/动词词组Preventsth.fromsth./doingsth.阻止某事发生/动词词组Leadsb.tosuccess引导某人成功；leadtosth./doingsth.导致/动词词组语言点：时态题：Bythemiddleofthecentury,bothradioandtelevisionhadbecomeestablishedmeansoftransmittingsoundsand/orpictures.Bythetimeof+现在时间状语，用一般现在时；bythetimeof+将来时间状语，用将来完成时；byihetimeof+过去时间状语，用过去完成时。Printedmaterials印刷材料；isolatedareas荒芜的地区Entertain（v.娱乐）一entertained（adj.娱乐的）-entertainment（n.娱乐）In1975,manypeopleinIndiasawtelevisionforthefirsttimeastheywatchedprogramsaboutagricultureandhealth.（因为）Common的最高级themostcommon难句：Telecommunicationcanmakeinformationfromaroundtheworldavailabletousequicklyandeasily,but...makesth.availablesth.是宾语；available这个adj,是sth.的宾语补足语电信可以使全世界的信息使用起来又便捷又容易。Contact为不可数名词，可以用much来修饰，表示许多联系。翻译：Itisimportanttorealizethatthesametechnologythathelpsusmayalsoharmus.意识到一项科技既能帮助我们又会伤害到我们，这很重要。TextB WhatpeopleDon7KnowaboutAir搭配：Beimportanttosb.对某人来说很重要/形容词词组Inordertodosth.为了做某事/表示目的的动词不定式短语Asweknowit正如我们所知道的那样/状语Beforcedtodosth.被迫做某事，不得不做某事/动词词组.Seekshelterfrom远离，躲避/动词词组Protectsb.fromsth./doingsth.保护某人不受/动词词组Restupon依赖，落在什么上/动词词组Gazeatsth./sb.盯着某人或某物看/动词词组Inwonder惊讶地/副词词组Inthemeantime与此同时/副词短语Payattentiontosth./doingsth.注意某事/动词词组Addsth.tosth.添加/动词词组语言点：虚拟语气：Withoutair,wecouldnotexist.Withoutair,therewouldbenofire.Withoutair,therewouldbenowindorclouds.结论：介词withoul+名词或代词，主语+coukl/would+动词原型。表示对现在进行虚拟。Ifwedidnothaveair,therewouldbenosound.Ifwedidnothaveatmosphericpressure,wecouldnothaveautomobiletires.Thetireswouldburstiftheydidnothavethepressureoftheatmosphereagainsttheirsurfaces.结论：从句用动词的过去式，主句用could/would+动词原型。表示对现在进行虚拟。时态题：Soundtravelsthroughair.用现在时的原因表客观事实。翻译：Wherethereisnoair,出ereisnosound.没有空气的地方就没有声音。Deadly(adj.)致命的，e.g.deadlyrays致命的射线Butourbodiesarebuiltinsuchawaythatthisweightdoesnotcrushus.翻译：Electricalenergyiscollectedintheatmosphereaswateriscollectedandstoredinadam.电能被储臧在大气层里就宛益水被汇集并储藏在大坝里一样。Butathoroughstudyofelectricityintheatmospherewasnotpossibleuntilthedevelopmentofradioandradar.Not...until…直至lj什么时候...才Largeamountsof+不可数名词，表示大量的Unendingadj.无穷无尽的Unit9TextA LearnedWordsandPopularWords搭配：Make叩构成/动词词组Becomefamiliarwithsth./becomefamiliartosb.对某人/某事很熟悉/形容词词组Stockintrade库存或常用手段/名词词组Belongto属于/动词词组Atlarge逍遥地；一般地/副词词组Thecriminalsatlarge逍遥法外的罪犯Englishmenatlargeliketohavetheafternoontea.英国人一般喜欢喝下午茶。Beknowntosb.为某人所知/动词词组Acquaintancewithsb./sth.了解某人或某事/名词词组In...style以某种方式/介词词组Describesb./sth.as把什么看作是，把某人描绘成/动词词组Inthefirstcase首先/副词词组Applysth.tosth.把什么应用到什么上去；applyforsth.申请什么/动词词组Stockofwords词汇量/名词词组Asto至于，有关于，就什么而言/介词词组Bedueto因为/形容词词组语言点：Cultivatedlanguage文雅的语言；limitedclass有限的阶级：learnedwords书卷词汇Alargenumberof+可数名词复数，表示大量的Relalive（adj.相关的）=relatively（adv.相关地）Educate”.教育）一educated（adj.有修养的）；elevate”.升高）~~elevated（adj.高贵的、尊严的）High（adj.adv.高的.指某物的具体高度如：楼的高度）一highly（adv.高度的评价，属于抽象概念）Be（适当形式）+of4"importance/value/use/help=important/valuable/usable/helpfulThedifferencebetweenpopularandlearnedwordsmaybeeasilyseeninafewexamples.Musthavedonesth.表示对过去的事情进行推测。E.g.Wemusthavepassedseveralyearsofourlivesbeforelearningtheword加在我们学到vivacious这个单词时，我们有可能已经度过了生命中的好几年了。Popular（adj.流行的）一popularity（n.流行）；sound—（adj.）有道理的Opinionscomeup产生观点ItspresenceintheEnglishvocabularyisduetobooksandthecultivationofliteratureratherthantotheactualneedsofordinaryconversation.书卷词汇在英语词汇中的存在是因为书籍和文学修养的需要，而不是因为普通对话的需要。TextB HowShouldYouBuildUpYourVocabulary?搭配：Comeacross偶然遇到，碰到/动词词组Lookup查找/动词词组Attopspeed快速的/介词词组Dependonsb./sth.依赖某人或某事Afterall毕竟/副词词组Beginwith开始于什么/动词词组Makesense有意义/动词词组Haveapreferenceforsth./doingsth.偏爱，优先选择/动词词组Lookfor寻找/动词词组Gothrough经历/动词词组Comeupwith想到（如：某个想法/主意）/动词词组Sparkainterestinsth.激发做某事的某种兴趣/动词词组Beinvolvedinsth.参与某事/动词词组Leadto导致/动词词组Developahabit养成习惯/动词词组Providesb.withsth.为某人提供某事/动词词组Sharpensb.'sawarenessofsth.提高某人的什么意识/动词词组语言点：A.Whenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbedonewhentheycameacrossanewwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,“Lookitupinthedictionary.”Supposesomeoneasksyouwhattheword"fast"means.Makeone'seffortsmostproductive宾补；使你的努力变得有成效。Readingtravelbooksapparentlycomes"before”otherkindsofreading.动名词做主语语法:4111ywhenyougothroughthementalexercisestocomeupwithatentativedefinitionshouldyouopenthedictionarytoseeifyou'reright.倒装句型Only+状语+助动词+主语+动词的适当形式+其他e.g.Onlyinthatwaycouldwesolvetheproblem.OnlywhenheleftdidIfeellonely.Heighten（v.提高、升高）heightened（adj.提高的）；increase”.提高）increased（adj.提高的）Unit10TextA ScientificAttitudes搭配：Seekanswerstoquestions寻找什么问题的答案（seek的过去式：sought）/动词词组layaside搁置（lay的过去式：Laid）/动词词组Becuriousabout对什么好奇/形容词词组Takeapart（e.g.awatch）拆散/动词词组Combinesth.withsth.把什么和什么结合在一起/动词词组Carryouttheexperiment完成试验/动词词组Beliefinsth./sb.相信某人或某事/名词词组（thereis）anexplanationforsth.解释某事/名词性词组Thereisagoodreasonwhy+句子这就是为什么的原因Notatall一点也不/副此词组Regardlessof不管；无论/形容词词组Succeedinsth./doingsth.成工作某事/动词词组Thesolutionstoproblems问题的解决办法/名词的解决方法Inadvance提前/副词词组Adaptsth.tosth.使什么适应什么/动词词组Makeupone'smind下定决心/动词词组Onceandforall一劳永逸地/副词词组Changeinthinking思想的转变/名词词组Makesth.necessary事某事很必要/动词词组Inthelightofsth.根据，参照，考虑到/介词词组Respectforsth.对什么的尊敬/名词词组，动词词组Thedifficultycomesup.问题产生了Baseonsth.根据什么/动词词组Itmaytaketimeforsth./sb.todosth.做某事花某人多长时间Conditionsforsth.什么的条件/名词词组语言点：Belief的复数形式为beliefsWell-known/著名的Curious（adj.好奇的）--curiosity（u.好奇）；imagine”想象）—imagination8.想象力）Scientificallymindedpeople有科学头脑的人Incaseswheretheexplanationisunknownthescientificpointofviewisthatthereisareasonifitcanonlybediscovered.在对于现象还无法解释的时候，科学的观点是有理由相信迟早这种解释是可以被发现的。Thismeanstheabilityto（做什么的能力）facethefactsastheyare（实事求是）regardlessofwhatonehaspreviouslythought.Agree（v.同意）—disagreeable（adj.令人讨厌的）Theworkerinsciencemustfacefactswhethertheyarepleasantorunpleasant.Ididn'tknowwhethertolaughortocrywhenIheardthenews.是...还是...Whetherhesucceedsorfails,hehastodohisbest.Hedoesn'tknowwhethersheisinBritainorshehasgonetoFrance.ThomasEdisonfailedthousandsoftimesbeforehesucceededinproducingthefirstelectriclamp.Accept（v.接受）一acceptable（adj.可接受的）Scientifictruthoffersanexplanationthatisacceptableonlyinthelightofwhatis knownataparticulartime.Newideasarefrequentlyveryslowtobeaccepted.Continuedprogress继续的发展时态题：Thereisanexperimentonthesproutingofseedswhichhasbeenrunningformorethan50years.TextBSolvingProblemsScientificallyTextB搭配：Arouseone'scuriosity引起某人的注意/动词词组Resultfrom=arisefrom由于/动词词组；resultin导致/动词词组Givecluefordoingsth.为做某事提供线索/动词词组Buildafirmfoundationfordoingsth.为做某事打下坚实的基础/动词词组.Makeaninference做推论/动词词组Turnouttobe 结果是/动词词组Checkwith与什么相符/动词词组语言点：Once是连接词，表示一旦。Athoroughlyunderstoodproblemiswellstartedtowardsolution.Bewellstartedtoward是什么的良好开端。•Thedevelopmentofindustryhasalsobroughtaboutlargenumbersofproblemswhichhavet。besolved.Relatedquestions相关问题；unansweredquestions为回答的问题；controlledconditions被控制的条件.Reliable（adj.可信赖的）一unreliable（adj.不可信赖的）Shouldtheobservationsorpredictionsturnouttobeasexpected,thescientisthasaddedconfidenceintheprobabletruthofhishypothesis.=Iftheobservationsorpredictionsshouldturnouttobeasexpected,thescientisthasaddedconfidenceintheprobabletruthofhishypothesisUnit11TextA TheGreatAmericanGarageSale搭配：Dosomespringhousecleaning大扫除/动词词组Sortthrough分类，整理/动词词组Setout陈列，展示/动词词组Holdgaragesales在车库买旧货/动词词组Beconsideredbysb.assth.被某人认为作为什么/动词词组Sth.ispricedat某物定价在/动词词组Sb.isfedupwithsth./sb.=beturnedoff某人厌倦了某人或某物/动词词组Searchfor寻找/动词词组Spend时间doingsth.花了多少时间做某事/动词词组Runacross偶然遇到/动词词组Beofgreatvalue=valuable很有价值的Separatesth./sb.fromsth./sb.把什么和什么隔开/动词词组Beboundtodosth.一定做某事/动词词组Befacedwith面对/动词词组语言点：Sortingthrough（分词做状语）theirpossessions,theycameupwith（发现）some1500old,unwanteditems—allsortsofthingstheywantedtoridof（摆脱）.TheEricksons定冠词the+姓氏名称+s:表示一家人TheEricksonsdecidedtodowhatalotofotherAmericansaredoingthesedays—havea“garagesale.Needn'thavedonesth.做了一件本不需要做的事Eagerbuyersboughtallbut50oftheitemsinoneweekend,leaving（现分作结果状语）thefamily$442richer.Thevarietyof（大量的）thingsputup（过分作后置定语）for（提供以提供）saleisreallywonderful.Risinglivingcosts（生活费用）areconsideredbyalmosteveryoneasareasonbothforholdingsalesandforattendingthem.Garagesaleshavebecomesuburbansocialevents,drawingpeopleofallages.（划线部分为现在分词作状语，之所以用drawing是因为主语Garagesales可以发出draw吸引的动作）Neighborsenjoymeetingnewpeople.Enjoy这个动词后只能用ving动名词来作宾语。Theyspendtheirweekendsgoingfromsaletosale,hopin-torunacrossarealtreasure（hoping为现在分词作状语，之所以用ving是因为they能发出hope的动词）TextB AmericanStores搭配：awiderangeofsth.很大的范围Beurgedtodosth.被催促作某事/动词词组Sth.isconfusingtosb.什么事情很是令某人迷惑Choosefrom从什么中选取/动词词组Specializein专长于/动词词组Belikelytodosth.很可能作某事/形容词词组Referto指的是/动词词组（to是介词）Agreatquantityofsth.（可数名词）大量的Beknownforsth.以什么而著名/动词词组Majorityofsth.大多数的语言点：IntheUnitedStatesyouwillfindyourselfbeingurged（现在分词作宾语补足语）tobuyallkindsofgoods.Notonly放在句首，需要倒装：NotonlyisthereawideranqcofpricesforgoodsinAmerica,thereisalsoawiderangeinthequalityofgoodsofferedforsale.原句：ThereisnotonlyawiderangeofpricesforgoodsinAmerica,thereisalsoawiderangeinthequalityofgoodsofferedforsale.Notonlyarcyoumyteacher,butalsoyouaremyfriend.原句：Youarenotonlymyteacher,butalsoyouaremyfriend.Americansgenerallypaythepriceofaproductwithoutquestion,insteadoftryingtogetalowerpricebybargain.（介词后面需要有动词的ing形式来作介词的宾语）Lower:可以是adj.的比较级；也可以是v.表示降低ThismayallbeconfusingloIhevisitor.（系动词后是现在分词作表语:之所以用ving是因为我们要考虑这件事情“令人迷惑”）Readtheadvertisementssothatyoucancompareprices.（sothat是因此的意思，表结果状语从句）Theydon'tofferthesamese