年高中英语同步教案modulegreatscientists教案

Module4GreatScientists教案外研版必修四PeriodOneIntroductionandWritingTeachingAims1.Introducesomescientistsandsciencetothestudents.2.MakesuretdentscanusesimpleEnglishtointroduceafamousscientist.3.Practicethestudents’writingskill.TeachingImportintsEncouragetheSstosayandlearnsomenewwordsaboutscience.TeachingDifficintsHowtowritesomefactsaboutafamousperson.TeachinodsIndividualwork,pairworktogeteverystudenttoparticipateinclass.TeachingAidsMultimediateaching,ablackboardandsomechalks.TeachingProceduresStep1Lead-in(Greeteachotherbetweentheteacherandtheclassasusaul.)T:NowthereomepicturesoffamousfiguresonPage31.Doyouknowthiernames?S1:Madame.Sheisafamousphysicist.ShediscoveredPoloniumandRadiumin1898.ShegottheNobelPrizein1911,andshegottwoNobelPrizes.S2:Albertein.HeinventedtheTheoryofRelativity.HegottheNobelPrizein1921.Andhewasalsoafamousphysicist.Suggestedanswers(Fromthetopleft):1.QianXuesen:”fatherofChina’saerospace”and“kingofrockets”2.MarieCurie:pst;discoveredPoloniumandRadium(1898);NobelPrize:19113.Archimedes:”fatherofintegralcalculus”4.Albestein:mathematicalphysicist;TheoryofRelativity(1916);NobelPrize:1921Step2WordstudyT:lothewordsintheboxinActivity2.Thenmatchthewordsanddefinitions.First,readthewordsaftermeandpayattentiontotheirpronunciationandstress!Pleasematchthemwiththeirdefinitionsquickly.(Afterawhile,checktheanswers.)biochemistrlogybotanychemistrygeneticsphysicszoologySuggestedans Step3WritingsomefactsT:Justnosharesomeinformationaboutsomescientists.Whichscientistsdoyouknowabout?Ss:Edison,Newton,Nobel,...T:Good!Canitedownsomefactsaboutafamousscientist?Thereisanexampleforyou.NewtonwasborninEnglandinthe17thcentury.Hediscoveredthelawsofgravity.Now,workwithyourpartnerandwritedownsomefacts.S1:MarieCasborninPolandin1867.Shediscoveredtworadioactiveelements,PoloniumandRadiumandmadegreatcontributiontophysicsandchemistry.ShegottheNobelPrizetwiceinherlife.Sheisagreatwomanscientistintheworld.T:Excellentjob!Yougiveusagoodexample.Anyoneelse?(Iftimepermvemorestudentsthechancetospeakoutwhattheyhavewrittendown.)Suggestedanswerforreference:FrancisCornin1916)wasaBritishmolecularbiologist.HegraduatedfromCambridgeinphysics,andwasascientistwiththenavyfrom1940-1947.HethenreturnedtoCambridgetoworkonthestructureofmoleculesusingX-raycrystallography.In1951,withtheAmericanhestartedworkontryingtodescribethechemicalstructureofDNA.UsingX-raypicturestheyeventuallydescribeditasadoublehelix.HeandWatsonwereawardedtheNobelPrizein1962.In1977,CrickwenttoworkattheSalkInstituteinSanFrancisco.Step4Readingandwritingp37Readthroughrdsintheboxandhavethestudentsrepeatthem,payingattentiontothewordswherethestressdoesnotfallonthefirstsyllable:cosmology,creation,diagnose,disability,diseasebest-seller(畅销书)cosmology(宇宙论)diagnose(诊断)disability(残疾)motorneuronedisease(运动神经元病)victim(受害者)T:Nowlet’scthefollowingpassage,whichisaboutthefamousscientist,StephenHawking.Thereareparagraphsanddisordered.Readthemandnumbertheminthecorrectorder.Whilereading,trytogetthemainideaofeachparagraph.Activity2Suggestedanswers:231T:Let’scomctivity3.Writethenumberoftheparagraph.Givethestudentstwominutestoprepare,thencollecttheiranswerschorallyandindividually.Suggestedansthirdinthebook.firstinthebook.secondinthebook.T:Somuchfopassage.NowwereadsomefactsaboutAlbertEinstein,anotherfamousscientistintheworld.Therearesomenotesabouthim,readitandwritethereshortparagraphsabouthimusingthenotesgiven.Activity4Suggestedanswers:AlbertEinsteinobablythemostbrilliantscientistofhetwentiethcentury.BorninUlm,Germanyin1879,hedidn’tspeakuntilhewasthree,butthendevelopedastronginterestinmathematicsasachild.Hehadideaforhistheoryofrelativityattheageof16,althoughhedidn’tpublishituntil1905,Hebecameasityteacherin1905,andpublishedthegeneraltheoryofrelativityin1915.In1921hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysics.WhenHitlercpower,EinsteinleftGermanyandwenttoliveandworkintheUSA.Hediedin1955.Step5SummaryandhomeworkT:Todaywelsomefactsaboutsomefamousscientistsandsomenamesofscientificstudies.ThenwereadsomefactsaboutStephenHawking,afamousdisabledscientistandsomefactsaboutthefamousscientistAlbertEinstein.Andpractisewriting.Homeworktodayistowriteshortpassageaboutafamousscientist.Handitintoday.That’sallfortoday.Good-bye,everyone.QianXuesenQianXueseneofthepioneersofChina’sspacescience.Aworld-famousexpertonaerospacerocketsandaerodynamics,Qianhasobtainedgreatattainmentsintheareasofappliedmechanics,engineeringcyberneticsandsystemengineeringandmadedistinguishedcontributionstothefoundationanddevelopmentofChineseaerospaceundertaking.Heplaysaleadingroleintheresearch,manufactureandtestingofcarrierrockets,guidedmissilesandsatellites.DuetoresearchanddevelopmentledbyQian,Chinasuccessfullyexplodeditsfirstatombombin1964,launcheditsfirstman-madesatellitein1970,fireditsfirsttranscontinentalballisticmissiletowardthePacificin1980,andlauncheditsfirstmannedspacecrafton,In1955,sixlaterafterthefoundingofNewChina,QianXuesenreturnedtothemotherland.In1956,Qianputforward“ProposalontheDevelopmentofChina’sAviationIndustryforNationalDefense”andassistedZhouEnlai,thethenpremiere,andMarshalNieRongzhengtopreparetheestablishmentofChina’sfirstmissileandrocketR&Dstructure,theFifthResearchInstituteofStateMinistryofDefense.IntheOctoberof1956,Qianassumedofficeofdirector-generalwiththefifthresearchinstitute.Henceforth,QianhaslongbeeninchargeofthechieftechnologicalofficerwiththeR&DofChina’smissile,rocketandspacecraft,andhascontributedgreattotheestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina’smissile,rocketandspacecraftundertakings.MarieCurieMarieCurie,Pscientist,wasborninWarsaw,onNovember7th,1867,anddiedinFrance,on4thJulysinglenamewasMariaParis,MariegraduatedinMathematicalandPhysicalgotmarriedin1895withtheFrenchphysicist,Pierre1896,suggestedthethemeofherthestudyofnaturalradiationfromuraniumherwork,theCuriecouplediscoveredanewradioactiveelementnamedpoloniuminhonortoMarie’sfewmonthslater,theywereabletodiscoverradiumforthefirstwithBecquerel,sheobtainedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsinfoundedtheRadiumInstituteofParis,andwasthemainresponsibleuntilher1911shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistry.AlbertEinsteinAlbertEnwasborninUlm,Germany,infatherownedafactorythatmadeelectricalmotherenjoyedmusicandparentswereJewishbuttheydidnotobservemanyofthereligion’sachildhealwayslovedmathematics,andhehadhisideaofthetheoryofrelativitywhenhewasonly16yearspublishedhisspecialtheoryofrelativityin1915,heexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity.”Hechangedthewayweunderstandtheuniverse.In1921ntheNobelPrizeinwasgiventohim,notforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectricscientificlawexplainedhowandwhysomemetalsgiveoffelectronsafterlightfallsontheirdiscoveryledtothedevelopmentofmodernelectronics,includingradioandEinsteintaughtinSwitzerlandandleftGermanywhenAdolphHitlercametopowerinmovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisworkedattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,NewbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesinEinsteinopposedhewrotetoPresidentFranklinRooseveltin1939toadvisehimthattheUnitedStatesshoulddevelopanatomicbombbeforeGermanyEinsteindiedinwasseventy-sixyearsold.Archimedes阿基米德(Archimedes7～前212)是古希腊著名的数学家和物理学家。静力学和流体静力学的奠基人。公元前287年诞生于地中海西西里岛的叙拉古城（今意大利锡拉库萨）。他的父亲是古希腊天文学家和数学家。阿基米德从小深受父亲的影响,偏爱数学,很早就学习希腊著名数学家欧几里得（约前330~前275）的《几何学原理》。11岁的时候,阿基米德去当时著名的文化中心——尼罗河畔的亚历山大城学习。学习期间对数学、力学和天文学有浓厚的兴趣。在他学习天文学时,发明了用水力推动的星球仪,并用它模拟太阳、行星和月亮的运行及表演日食和月食现象。为解决用尼罗河水灌溉土地的难题,他发明了圆筒状的螺旋扬水器,后人称它为”阿基米德螺旋”。公元前240年,他学成后回到叙拉古,当了国王亥厄洛的顾问,帮助国王解决生产实践、军事技术和日常生活中的各种科学技术问题。公元前212年,叙拉古城失陷,正在聚精会神地研究科学问题的阿基米德,不幸被蛮横的罗马士兵杀害。袁隆平袁隆平YuanLongping出生于北平,1953年毕业于西南农学院。1964年开始研究杂交水稻,1973年实现三系配套,1974年育成第一个杂交水稻强优组合南优2号,1975年研制成功杂交水稻制种技术,从而为大面积推广杂交水稻奠定了基础。1985年提出杂交水稻育种的战略设想,为杂交水稻的进一步发展指明了方向。1987年任863计划两系杂交稻专题的责任专家,1995年研制成功两系杂交水稻,1997年提出超级杂交稻育种技术路线,2000年实现了农业部制定的中国超级稻育种的第一期目标,2022年提前一年实现了超级稻第二期目标。1995年当选为中国工程院院士。先后获得”国家特等发明奖”“首届最高科学技术奖”等多项国内奖项和联合国”科学奖”“沃尔夫奖”“世界粮食奖”等11项国际大奖。出版中、英文专著6部,发表论文60余篇。1995年当选为中国工程院院士。PeriodTwoVocabularyandReadingTeachingAims1.Learnsomeusordsanexpressionsandtrainthestudents’readingability.2.LearnmationaboutYuanLongpingandlettheSslearnhisspiritsofdiligenceandperseverance.TeachingImportantPoints1.MakethearnthestoryofYuanLongpingandhiscontributiontoChinaaswellastheworld.2.Learnandmastersomeimportantwordsandphrasesinthisperiod.TeachingDifficultPoints1.Howtohelpudentsimprovetheirreadingabilityandunderstandthepassagebetter.2.HowtomastertheimportantLanguagePointsinthispassage.TeachingMethods1.Fastreadingtogetthemainideaofthetext.2.Intensivereadingtounderstandthepassagebetter.3.Discussionlpthestudentsunderstandwhatthey’velearnedbetter.4.ExplanationtohelpthestudentsmastersomeLanguagePoints.TeachingAidsataperecorderamultimedia(ifpossible)TeachingProceduresStep1GreetingsandRevisionT:(Greetoleclassasusual.)Now,let’shaveaquiz.(Showthefollowingonthescreen.)Writethescientistbythestatement.Example:Sdiesthestructureofalllivingthings.Sheisabiologist.studiedactivity. She’saphysicist.worksesearchlaboratorywhichdevelopsnewtypesofplastics.He’sachemist.studiesehaviourofwildpandas. He’sazoologist.discovhelifemolecule(分子)DNA. Theyaregeneticists.akingacompletelistofalltheplantsinthenaturereserve(自然保护区).Theyarebotanists.Step2FastreadingT:OK,somuchforrevision.(Writethetitleontheblackboard—TheStudentWhoAskedQuestions).Thisistheofthereadingpassagewe’lllearntoday.Guesswhatthepassagemightbeabout.Ss:Ibeaboutahard-workingstudent.Ithinkitmaybeaboutafamousperson.T:Yes,maowreadthepassageasquicklyasyoucanandtocheckyourguess.Meanwhile,trytogetthemainideaofeachparagraph.T:Let’sseeifyourpredictionisright.Whatisthetextabout?Ss:Afamousscientist—YuanLongping.T:Yes,yquiteright.Canyougiveusthemainideaofeachparagraph？(Encouragesomestudenttotellabouthisorheridea.)Mainideaofeachparagraph:Paragraph1nLongpingisaleadingfigureontherice-growingworld.ParagraAsaboy,hewascalled“thestudentwhoaskedquestions”.Paragraph3:Asayoungteacher,hebeganexperimentsincropbreeding.Paragraph4:Hediscoveredanewtypeofrice.Paragraph5:Hisdiscoverieshavebroughtingreatprofit.Paragraph6:ThdofthenewhybridriceismuchgreaterthanthatofothertypesofricegrowninPakistan.Step3CarefulreadingT:Readthegeagainandunderlinethenewwords.Afterthat,we’lldosomeotherexercises.LookatthewordsonPage33inActivity3.Matchthewordsintheboxwiththedefinitions.T:SoforActivity3,nowlet’scometoActivity4.We’lldoanotherwordexercise.Choosethecorrectmeaningofthewordsinitalics.T:Evofyoudidagoodjob.Ithinkyouhavehadabetterunderstandingofthepassage,nowwe’lldosomeTrue(T)orFalse(F)questions.Activity2(AsktheSsnkofadifferenttitleforthepassageandwritedowntheirtitlesontheblackboardandasktheSstovoteonwhichonetheythinkisthebest.)Step4ConsolidationT:Nowwehaabetterunderstandingofthetext.Let’sseewhetheryouhavemasterthecontentofthepassage.Trytofillintheblankstofinishthewholepassage.(Showthefollowingonthescreen.)YuanLongping1figureintherice-growingworld.Hewasbornand2inChina.Asaboyhewaseducatedinmanyschoolsandinterestedinplants,sohewasgiventhe3“thestudentwhoasksquestions”.Asayoungteacher,hebeganexperimentsincrop4.Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytohavemorericequickly.Thatwastocrossdifferent5ofriceplant.Thenhebegantosearchforaspecialtypeofriceplant.Finally,anaturally6malericeplantwasdiscoveredin1970.Thiswasa7.Asaresultofhisdiscovery,China’sriceproductionrose8%inthe1990’s.And50thousandsquarekilometresofricefieldswere9togrowingvegetablesandothercashcrops.Followingthis,thenewhybridricewas10toothercountries.Suggestedanswers:upStep5SummaryandhomeworkT:Inthisperihavelearnedthestoryofthefamousscientist—YuanLongping.Hewashard-workingandwascalledastudentwhoaskedquestions.Afteryearsofhardwork,heinventedthehybridrice,makingagreatcontributiontoChinaandtheworld.Wealsolearnedsomevocabularyandtrytokeeptheminmindafterclass.Whilelearningthetext,learnfromthemandtryourbesttodowhatwecantoserveourcountry.Yourhomeworktodayistoreadthetextagainafterclassandtrytomemorizethenewwords,expressionsandsomeimportantstructuresinthisperiod.Meanwhile,findsomemoreknowledgeaboutYuanLongpingontheInternet.Step6LanguagePoints1、figure：n.数字；图表；人物/肖像；身材。vt.计算(在内/出)；估计/有可能，认为/料想。Pleaseaddupthefigures.请把这些数字加起来。Shehasagoodfigure.她身材好。Intheriwingworld,theChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isaleadingfigure.FigurethetotalandI'llpayitwithacheque.请把总数算出来,我用支票支付。Thatfigure!不出所料!publicfigure：名人;知名人士。Heisakeyfigure.他是个关键人物。figureout：出;弄明白。Ican’tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.摸不透他为什要辞掉工作。figureo料;指望。Ifigureongoingovertotowntopayavisit.打算进城去拜访一个人。keepone’sfigure：保持体态苗条。figureup：总计;把…加起来。Itmaytakeseveurstofigureuptheseexpenses.把这些费用加起来也许要用好几个小时。2、bringup：培养；提出。YuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.袁隆平在中国出生并长大。Hewasbroughtupbyhisgrandparentsinthecountry.他由爷爷奶奶在农村抚养长大。Atthemeetingillbringupmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.在会议上他们提出了很多问题,并且一个一个地进行了讨论。bringabout：带来;bringdown：使倒下/使崩溃/降价。bringforth：提出/出示/展示。bringfor前/出。bringin：赚钱;收获；引进/入。bringon：使出现/发展/进步。bringout：取出/使显现出来/说出/出版。Whatbroughtaboutthechangeinhisattitude?是什么使他改变了态度？They’llbringthoftheirmarriageforwardfromthe30thtothe28th.他们将把结婚的日期从30号提前到28号。少收入?Howmucthesidelinebringthefarmerfamilyinlastyear?去年副业使这家农户增加了多Acrisisbringsoutthebestinher.危机促使她表现得更出色。Studyshouldbringonyourmaths.学习会提高你的数学水平。3、by：pr用…,借助于…。IimprovedmyEnglishbyspeakingmore.我通过多说提高了英语。Sheearnedmoneybywriting.她靠写作挣钱。Wewentbyair.我们乘飞机走。byandby不久。cident(chance)偶然。bynomeans绝不,一点也不。byoneself单独;独自的。4、result：n.结果，效果。v.发生；导致。Theresultofthegamewasfive-nothing.比赛结果是五比零。Ifthepoliceleave,disorderwillresult.警察一走,就会大乱。Hissuccessresultsfromworkinghard.他的成功来自勤奋。Theirprofligatelifestyleresultedinbankruptcy.他们挥霍的生活方式导致破产。Asaresult,thoftentroubleinAmericanfamilies.因此,美国家庭中常常会出现麻烦事。asaresultwithoutresult毫无结果resultfrom由…产生;因…而产生resultin导致Theaccidentresultedinhisdeath.这一车祸造成他的死亡。Hisfatherriouslyill;asaresult,hedidnotgowithus.父亲病得厉害,结果没跟我们一块去。Thetrafficaccidentresultedfromthesnow.交通事故是因为下雪。5、convert：vt.使转变；转换…；兑换；使…改变信仰（常与to,into连用）。WeconvertedtoIslamseveralyearsago.我们在几年前皈依伊斯兰教。Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.那座楼房改成学校了。IwanttertsomeHongKongdollarsintoUSdollars.我想把一些港元换成美元。Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。6、replace：;替换;把……放回原处=put...back;taketheplaceof/takeone’splaceNothingcanreplaceamother’sloveandcare.没有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关心。Youneedreplacethebookafteryoufinishreadingit.读完之后,你要把书放回原处。Thenewcitylia,replacedRiodeJaneiroasthecapitalofBrazilin1960.巴西利亚这座新城市于1960年取代了里约热内卢成了巴西的首都。PeriodThreeFunction;Grammar1，2ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims1.Makethetslearntousethemathematicaltermsinacorrectway.2.Makesurstudentscanusethepassivevoiceindifferenttensesandby+-ingformcorrectly.TeachingImportantPoints1.Teachthestudentshowtoreadandwritenumbersinacorrectway.2.Makesuretudentscanusethepassivevoiceandby+-ingformcorrectly.TeachingDifficultPointsTomakethemmastertheusageofthepassivevoiceandby+-ingform.TeachingMeIndividualworkandpairworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.TeachingAidsMultimedia&ablackboardTeachingProceduresStep1Revision(Greetingsasusual)T:Fiet’shaveadictationofthenewwordsandexpressionswelearntlastclass.10.breakthroughuparesultofStep2FunctionT:Functiohismoduleisaboutnumbers.Now,lookatActivity1onPage35.Choosethecorrectwayofsayingthenumbers.000000(a)fivemillion(b)fivemillions2.47.5%tysevenhalfpercent(b)fortysevenpointfivepercent(a)sixhundredandthirtytwo(b)sixhundredthirtytwo5(a)fourfifths(b)fourfiveSuggestedanswers:T:NowletetoActivity2.Readthesentencesaloudandattentively.wasfirstgrownabout5000yearsago.2.Chinaexportsabout%ofitsrice.3.Australiaproducesabout250000tonsofrice.3theworld’spopulationregularlyeatrice.T:7%8400005.$SuggestedansthousandandthirtyfivesevenssixpercentmillghthundredandfortythousandfivepointfivepercentStep3Grammar1T:Noscometorevisionofthepassivevoice.FirststudythesentencesinActivity1onPage33.Suggestedanswers:andcande,becoucaneasilyfindthesubjectoftheactivevoiceafter“by”.T:Fromttencesabove,wecanknowthestructureofthepassivevoice:be+done.Tensesarevedthroughthe“be”verb.Sothestructureofthepassivevoiceinthepresent,thepast,thefuture,andthepresentperfectformsareasfollows:am/is/are+.(thepresentsimple);was/were+.(thepastsimple);willbe+.(thefuturesimple);andhave/hasbeen+.(thepresentperfectform).NowplakethesentencesinActivity2usingthecorrecttenseofthepassivevoice.Example:s/make/inItalyTheseshoesaremadeinItaly.crs/produce/inAmericaThesecomputersareproducedinAmerica.growina/for/thousandsofyearsRicehasbeengrowninChinaforthousandsofyears.electrames/make/inJapanTheseelectronicgamesaremadeinJapan.(“weremade”)newvaofrice/discover/in1970Anewvarietyofricewasdiscoveredin1970.importantdiscoveries/make/since/thebeginningoflastcenturyManyimportantdiscoverieshavebeenmadesincethebeginningoflastcentury.Theadditionality:whatformofthepassivevoicearethesentences?Suggestedanswers:leperfectsimple(pastsimple)simpleperfectT:Nos,Ithinkyouhavemasteredtheuseofthepassivevoice.Let’sdoanothertwoactivitiestoconsolidatewhatwe’velearned.First,completethesentencesusingtheverbsinbracketsinActivity3.Askthestudentstofillintheblanksindividually,thentheteacherletsomevolunteersspeakouttheirclass,theteachershouldencouragethestudentstobeactiveinclass,andgivethestudentsmorechances.(Showthefollowingsentencesonthescreen.)aboyseducated(educate)inmanyschools.wasgiven(give)thenickname,”thestudentwhoasksquestions”.resultsexperimentswerepublished(publish)inChinain1966.,innaturallysterilemakericeplantwasdiscovered(discover).thousandekilometersofricefieldswereconverted(convert)togrowingvegetables.this,YuanLongping’sricewasexported(export)toothercountries.T:Jusyou’vegotthewholesentencescorrectly.Nowlet’sdoafurtherjob.WritequestionsbasedontheinformationinActivity3.Thefirstwordinthesentenceisgiven.We’llhaveapairworkthistime.Discussthesentencewithyourpartner,thengivesusthequestions.Onegivesusthequestion,whilehisorherpartnergivesustheanswer.(Showthefollowingonthescreen.)?Wherewasheeducated(asaboy)??Whatnicknamewashegiven??eretheresultsofhisexperimentspublished(inChina)??nwasanaturallysterilemalericeplantfinallydiscovered?many?nysquarekilometersofricefieldswereconvertedtogrowingvegetables??WherewasYuanLongping’sriceexported?Answers:1.Asaboyhewaseducatedinmanyschools.2.Hewasgiventhenickname,”thestudentwhoasksquestions”.3.TheresultsofhisexperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.4.Finally,in1naturallysterilemakericeplantwasdiscovered.5.50ndsquarekilometersofricefieldswereconvertedtogrowingvegetables.6.FollowingthiLongping’sricewasexportedtoothercountries.Step4Grammar2T:Hereentenceforyoutodecidewhichquestiontheunderlinedphraseanswers.Hethoughtheproducemorericebycrossingdifferentspeciesofplant.couldheproduce?shouldheproducemorerice?couldheproducemorerice?T:OK,class.Whichoneisthecorrectanswers?Ss:.T:That’s.Thisquestioniseasytounderstand.Fromthequestion,weknowgrammarinthispartisby+-ingform.Itusuallyworksasadverbial,andmeans“usingsomeway”.Thisformisnotdifficult.WearesurethatafterthepracticeinActivity2,youcanmasterthisformcorrectly.Now,let’scometoActivity2.Rewritethesentencesbychangingtheunderlinedphraseswithaphrasebeginningwithby+-ing.Examplecangetagoodjobifyoustudyhard.Youcangetagoodjobbystudyinghard.LongpangedagriculturalinChina.Hediscoveredanewtypeofrice.YuanLonchangedagricultureinChinabydiscoveringanewtypeofrice.learnthingswhentheycarryoutexperiments.Researcherslearnthingsbycarryingoutexperiments.changedthedesignandsotheybuiltabetterengine.Bychangingthedesigntheybuiltabetterengine.willbecomeabetterpianistifyoupractiseoften.Youwillbecomeabetterpianistbypracticingoften.youplanforthefuturewecanbehappyinthepresent.Byplanningforthefuturewecanbehappyinthepresent.Step5SummaryandhomeworkT:Throughthiswehavelearnedthecorrectwayofsayingnumbers.Inthepartofgrammar,welearnedthepassivevoiceinthepresentsimple,thepastsimple,thefuturesimpleandthepresentperfecttense,westudiedtheusageofby+-ingformaswell.Homeworktodayistofindmoreexamplestopracticeafterclass.Somuchfortoday.Good-bye,everyone!被动语态1.被动语态的构成英语动词有两种语和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是”助动词be＋过去分词”。注意:”be＋过去一定都是被动语态,有些动词（如be,feel,look,seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如:Theglassisbroken.(杯子破了。)2.主动语态改被动语态的方法(1)将主动语态改为被三方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为”be＋过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(可省略)。(2)含直接宾语和间接态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如:Hegavetheboyple.→Theboywasgivenanapple.（或Anapplewasgiventotheboy.）Herfatherboughtherapresent.→Shewasbopresentbyherfather.（或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather.）(3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如:Theywatchedildrensingthatmorning.→Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.(4)带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾补在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:WecallhimXiaoWang.→HeiscalledXiaoWang.Hecuthishairshort.→Hishairwascutshort.Theytoldhimtohelpme.→Hewastoldtohelpme.(5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:Wemusttadcareoftheyoungtrees.→Theyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof.(6)含有宾语从句的主动结构时,常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句后;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:Peopleethatheisill.→Itisbelievedthatheisill.（或:Heisbelievedtobeill.）3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主语（或按题意要求确定主语）,按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如:Historyismadebythepeople.→Thepeoplemakehistory.4.不能用于被动语态的情况(1)某些表”静态”的及态而非动作,且常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have,fit,suit,hold(容纳),cost,suffer,last(持续)等不能用于被动语态。如:Theyhaveanic他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。Myshoesdon’tfitme.我的鞋不合适。Mybraincan’thmuchinformationatonetime.我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。Howmuch／Whatitcost？这值多少钱？Ourholidaylasts10days.我们的假期有十天。Thisfoodwilllast(them)(for)3days.这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。(2)不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态,否则无被动态。比较:Theyarrivedatadecision.→Adecisionwasarrivedat.他们作出了决定。Theyarrivedatthestation.他们到达车站。（不说Thestationwasarrivedat.）Helookedintothequestion.→Thequestionwaslookedinto.他调查了这个问题。(3)动词leave(离开),enter(进入),join(参加)不可用于被动语态。例如:Thecarlefttheroadandhitatree.车子离开了道路,撞上了树。(4)某些不及物动词用,特别是后加副词(如well,easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write,wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。如:Hisnewnovelllingwell.他的新小说很畅销。Thismaterialwon’twear.这种材料不耐穿。(5)feel,appear,sound,taste,smell等由实义动词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不用被动语态。Tellmeifyoufeelcold.你要是感到冷就告诉我。Thoserosessmellbeautiful.那些玫瑰好闻极了。(6)宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时,不可用于被动语态。Peterhopedtomeether.彼得希望遇见她。enjoyedseeinghisdaughter.史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。(7)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态。如:Shecandressherself.她可以自己穿衣服。Wecouldhardlyseeeachotherinthefog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。(8)宾语是同源宾语时,不可用于被动语态。如Theyliveahappylife.他们过着幸福的生活。5.某些动词的主动形式表被动含义英语中有很多,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw,let,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。另外,像owe,beat,cook,bake,print,build,make等,有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义。如:Thiskindofradiodoesn’tsellwell.这种收音机不太畅销。Theshopopensateighto’clock.这个商店八点开门。Thepipedoesnotdrawwell.这烟斗不太通畅。注意:主动表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。例如:Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon’tbelocked.门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）Hisnovelsselleasily.他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）Hisnovelsaresoldeasily.他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）6.某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义(1)在nant,require,deserve和bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如:Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。(2)形容词worth后跟动名词的主动式表被动含