社会工作专业英语讲义

Chapter1IntroductiontosocialworkandsocialwelfareChapter2SocialworkvaluesandethicsChapter3EmpowermentandhumandiversityChapter4TheprocessofgeneralistpracticeChapter5PracticesettingsChapter6AnoverviewofsocialwelfareandsocialworkhistoryChapter7PolicyandpolicyadvocacyChapter8PovertyproblemsChapter9SocialworkandsocialservicesforchildrenandfamiliesChapter10SocialworkandsocialservicesforolderadultsChapter11SocialworkandsocialservicesforpeoplewithdisabilitiesChapter12SocialworkandsocialservicesinhealthcareChapter13SocialworkandsocialservicesinmentalhealthChapter14Socialworkandsubstanceuse,abuse,anddependenceChapter15SocialworkandsocialservicesforyouthandintheschoolsChapter16SocialworkandsocialservicesinthecriminaljusticesystemChapter1IntroductiontosocialworkandsocialwelfareCaseAKeywords:adopt,familyservice,paperwork,familylifeplanningCaseB:Keywords:groupsessionandgroupwork;mentalhealth;self-helpgroup;mutual-helpgroupCaseC:Keywords:SexualAssault,match,funding-raisingWhatisSocialworkSocialworkistheprofessionalactivityofhelpindividuals,groups,orcommunitiesenhanceorrestoretheircapacityforsocialfunctioningandcreatingsocietalconditionsfavorabletothisgoal.Socialworkpracticeconsistsoftheprofessionalapplicationofsocialworkvalues,principles,andtechniquestooneormoreofthefollowingends:HelpingpeopleobtaintangibleservicesProvidingcounselingandpsychotherapywithindividuals,familiesandgroups.HelpingcommunitiesorgroupsprovideorimprovesocialandhealthservicesParticipatinginrelevantlegislativeprocessesFivethemes:Socialworkconcernshelpingindividuals,groups,orcommunities.Socialworkentailsasolidfoundationofvaluesandprinciples.Afirmbasisoftechniquesandskillsprovidesdirections.Socialworksneedtolinkpeopletorecoursesoradvocateforservicedevelopmentforclients.Socialworkersparticipatelegislativeprocesstopromotepositivesocialchanges.WhatissocialwelfareSocialwelfareisanation'ssystemofprograms,benefits,andservicesthathelppeoplemeetthosesocial,economic,educational,andhealthneedsthatarefundamentaltothemaintenanceofsociety.TwoDimensions:Whatpeoplegetfromsociety(programs,benefitsandservices)Howwelltheirneeds(social,economic,educational,andhealth)arebeingmetHowaresocialwelfareandsocialworkrelatedDebatesonsocialwelfare:Individualresponsibility:yougetyoudeserveSocietyresponsibilityWhoshouldassumeresponsibilityforpeople'ssocialwelfareResidual,institutional,anddevelopmentalperspectivesonsocialwelfare.1.ResidualModelSocialwelfarebenefitandserviceshouldbesuppliedonlywhenpeoplefailtoprovideadequatelyforthemselves.Blamethevictim(faultandfailure)Forinstance:socialassistanceFamiliesinneedreceivelimitedandtemporaryfinancialassistanceuntiltheycangetbackontheirfeet.2.InstitutionalmodelPeoplehavearighttogetbenefitandservice.Forinstance:publiceducation,fireandpoliceprotectionEveryonecangettheseservices.3.DevelopmentalmodelThisapproachseekstoidentifysocialinterventionsthathaveapositiveimpactoneconomicdevelopment.Investineducation,nutritionandhealthcareInvestinphysicalfacilitieshelppeopleinneedengageinproductiveemploymentandself-employment.Politicalideology:conservatives,liberalismandradicalismConservatismisthephilosophythatindividualsareresponsibleforthemselves,governmentshouldprovideminimalinterferenceinpeople'slives,andchangeisgenerallyunnecessary.Liberalismisthephilosophythatgovernmentshouldbeinvolvedinthesocial,politicalandeconomicstructuresothatallpeople'srightsandprivilegesareprotectedinthenameofsocialjustice.Radicalismisthephilosophythatthesocialandpoliticalsystemasitstandsisnotstructurallycapableoftrulyprovidingsocialjustice.Thefundamentalarenecessaryinthebasicsocialandpoliticalstructuretoachievetruly

changesfairandequaltreatment.FieldsofpracticeinsocialworkWorkwithpeopleinneeds(children,youth,oldpeople,thedisableetc.)WorkwithsomeoccupationThecontinuumofsocialworkcareersDegreeinsocialworkBSW:preparefortheentry-levelsocialworkMSW:receivemorespecializedtrainingDSW:teachatthecollegelevelorconductresearchSocialworkbuildsonmanydisciplinespsychologysociologypoliticalscienceeconomicsbiologypsychiatrycouncilculturalanthropologysocialworkSocialworkersdemonstratecompetenciesCompetenciesaremeasurablepracticebehaviorsthatarecomprisedofsufficientknowledge,skills,andvalues"andhavethegoalofpracticingeffectivesocialwork.Competency1:identificationasaprofessionalsocialworkerCompetency2:theapplicationofsocialworkethicalprinciplestoguidepracticeCompetency3:theapplicationofcriticalthinkingtoinformprofessionaljudgmentsCompetency4:engagementofdiversityinpracticeCompetency5:theadvancementofhumanrightsandsocialeconomicjustice.Competency6:engagementinresearch-informedpracticeEvidence-basedpracticeCompetency7:applicationofknowledgeofhumanbehaviorandthesocialCompetency8:engagementinpolicyproactivetoadvancesocialwell-being

environmentandeconomicCompetency9:responsivenesstocontextsthatshapepracticeCompetency10:engagement,assessment,intervention,andevaluationwithindividuals,families,groups,organizations,andcommunities.Chapter2socialworkvaluesandethics1.ValueandethicsSocialworkerisvalue-basedprofession.WhatisvalueValueinvolveswhatyoudoanddonotconsiderimportantandworthwhile,andalsoinvolvejudgmentsanddecisionsaboutrelativeworth.WhatisEthicsEthicsinvolveprinciplesthatspecifywhatisgoodandwhatisbad.TheyclarifywhatshouldandshouldnotbedoneDifferencebetweenvalueandethics:Valuedeterminewhatbeliefsareappropriate.Ethicsaddresswhattodowithorhowtoapplythosebeliefstodotherightthing.Theimportanceofethics2.ValueandethicsforsocialworkersSixcorevaluesforsocialworkers:(1)Service(2)Socialjustice(3)Dignityandworthoftheperson(4)Importanceofhumanrelationships(5)Integrity(6)CompetenceSocialworkers'ethicalresponsibilitiestoclients:(1)Self-determinationPractitionersshouldnurtureandsupportclientself-extermination：eachindividual'srighttomakehisorherowndecisions.(2)Privacyandconfidentiality(3)ConflictofinterestandDualrelationshipsTheclients'bestinterestsmustbeprotectedtothemaximumextentpossible.(4)SexualrelationshipSocialworkers’EthicalresponsibilitiestocolleaguesRespectReferralforservicesSocialWorkers’EthicalresponsibilitiesinPracticesettingsSocialworkers'ethicalresponsibilitiesasprofessionalscompetenceagainstdiscriminationhonestnotsolicitclientsforthepurposeofpersonalgainsAdvocateforpeople'swelfareEnsurefairandequalaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Respectculturaldiversity.PreventdiscriminationagainstorexploitingpeopleTranslationexercisesSocialworkersmustupholdclientprivacyandconfidentiality.Privacyistheconditionofbeingfreefromunauthorizedobservationorintrusion.Wehaveestablishedthatconfidentialityistheethicalprinciplethatworkersshouldnotshareinformationprovidedbyaclientoraboutaclientunlesstheyhavetheclient'sexplicitpermissiontodoso.Thereismoretoconfidentialitythanmaybeimmediatelyapparent.Confidentialitymeansmorethatnotrevealinginformationaboutclientstoothers.Italsoinvolvesnotaskingformoreinformationthanisnecessary,aswellasinformingclientsaboutthelimitationsofconfidentialitywithintheagencysetting.Chapter3EmpowermentandHumanDiversityStereotype!WomenaretooemotionaltomakegoodsupervisorsElderlypeoplecan'tthinkwell.Gayandlesbianpeoplereallywanttobeoppositegender.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesareunemployable.Discrimination,oppression,marginalization,alienation,stereotypes,andprejudiceDiscriminationistheactoftreatingpeopledifferentlybasedonthefactthattheybelongtosomegroupratherthanonmerit.Oppressioninvolvesputtingextremelimitationsandconstraintsonsomeperson,group,orlargersystem.Marginalizationistheconditionofhavinglesspowerandbeingviewedaslessimportantthanothersinthesocietybecauseofbelongingtosomegrouporhavingsomecharacteristic.Alienation,relatedtomarginalization,isthefeelingthatyoudon'tfitinoraren'ttreatedaswellasothersinthemainstreamofsociety.?Astereotypeisafixedmentalpictureofmemberofsomespecifiedgroupbasedonsomeattributeorattributesthatreflectanoverlysimplifiedviewofthatgroup,withoutconsiderationorappreciationofindividualdifferences.?Prejudiceisanopinionorprejudgmentaboutanindividual,group,orissuethatisnotbasedonfact.Amajorsocialworkvalueinvolvestheimportanceofpeoplebeingtreatedfairlyandequally.Populations-at-riskandsocialeconomicjustice?Diversityemphasizesthesimilarityanddissimilaritybetweennumerousgroupsinsocietythathavedistinguishingcharacteristics.Populations-at-riskarepeopleatgreaterriskofdeprivationandunfairtreatmentbecausetheysharesomeidentifiablecharacteristicthatplacesthemindiversegroup.Factors:gender,age,religion,culture,disability,class,immigrationstatusSocialandeconomicjusticeEmpowermentandaStrengthsperspectiveEmpowermentistheprocessofincreasingpersonal,interpersonal,orpoliticalpowersothatindividualscantakeactiontoimprovetheirlifesituations.Astrengthsperspective:Everyindividual,group,familyandcommunityhasstrengths.Traumaandabuse,illnessandstrugglemaybeinjuriousbuttheymayalsobesourcesofchallengeandopportunity.3.Socialworkersshouldassumethattheydonotknowtheupperlimitsofthecapacitytogrowandchangeandtakeindividual,group,andcommunityaspirationsseriously.Socialworkersbestserveclientsbycollaboratingwithwhen.Everyenvironmentisfullofresources.Resiliency:seekingstrengthamidadversityTheabilityofanindividual,family,group,community,ororganizationtorecoverfromadversityandresumefunctioningevenwhensufferingserioustrouble,confusion,orhardship.Resiliencyinvolvestwodimensions:riskfactorsandprotectivefactors.Riskfactorsinvolvestressfullifeeventsoradverseenvironmentalconditionsthatincreasethevulnerabilityofindividualsorothersystems.Protectivefactorsinvolvebuffer,moderate,andprotectagainstthosevulnerabilities.HumanDiversityRaceandEthnicityRaceimpliesagreatergeneticdeterminant,whereasethnicityoftenrelatestoculturalornationalheritage.CultureandculturalcompetenceCultureisthesumtotaloflifepatternspassedonfromgenerationtogenerationwithinagroupofpeopleandincludesinstitutions,language,religiousideals,habitsofthinking,andpatternsofsocialandinterpersonalrelationships.Socialworkersneedtohaveculturalcompetencetoaddresstheculturalneedsofindividuals,families,groups,andcommunities.NationalOriginandimmigrationstatusFourexperienceswhichnewcomerfaced:SocialisolationCulturalshockCulturalchangeGoal-strivingclassorsocialclasspoliticalideologygender,genderidentity,andgenderexpressionSexualorientationHomosexualorheterosexual(bisexual)AgeDisabilityReligionandspiritualityChapter4:GeneralistpracticeConceptsinthedefinitionofgeneralistpracticeAcquiringaneclecticknowledgebaseA.systemstheoryB.ecologicalperspectiveC.CurriculumcontentareasValuesandethicsDiversitypopulations-at-riskandsocialandeconomicjusticeHumanbehaviorandthesocialenvironmentSocialwelfarepolicyandservicesSocialworkpracticeResearchFieldeducationEmphasizingclientempowermentUsingprofessionalvaluesA.socialworkscodeofethicsB.applicationofprofessionalvaluestosolveethicaldilemmaApplyingawiderangeofskillsA.microB.mezzoC.macroTargetinganysizesystemmicromezzoMarcoWorkinginanorganizationalstructureUsingsupervisionappropriatelyAssumingawiderangeofprofessionalrolesFollowingtheprinciplesofevidence-basedpracticeEmployingcriticalthinkingskillsUsingaplanned-changeprocessengagementassessmentplanningimplementationevaluationterminationfollow-upWorkinginanorganizationalstructureundersupervisionWhatisorganizationalstructureOrganizationalstructureistheformalorinformalmannerinresponsibilities,linesofauthority,channelsofcommunication,

whichtasksanddimensions

andofpowerareestablishedandcoordinatedwithinanorganization.WhatissupervisionSupervisionistheprocessbywhichadesignatedsupervisorwatchesoveraworkers’performance.Awiderangeofrolescounseloreducatorbrokercasemanagermobilizermediatorfacilitatoradvocatesupervisorsmanagers3skills(technical,peopleandconceptual)Evidence-basedpracticeEvidence-basedpracticeisaprocessinwhichpractitionersmakepracticedecisionsinlightofthebestresearchevidenceavailable.Tools,models,methodsandpoliciesmustbevalidatedbyresearchandconsequenceevaluationalsoshouldusescientificresearchmethodsCriticalthinkingskillsAvoidingthefallacytrapRelyingoncaseexamplesbeingvagueBeingbiasedornotobjective4.Believingthatifit’swrittendownitmustberightaskingquestionsassessingfactassertingaconclusionPlanned-changeprocessPlannedchangeandproblem-solvingStep1engagementStep2assessmentStep3planningStep4implementationStep5evaluationStep6termination?Engagement:socialworkersbegintoestablishcommunicationandarelationshipwithothersandorientthemselvestotheproblems.skillsVerbalcommunicationandnonverbalcommunication(culturalvariations)Conveyingwarmth,empathy,andgenuinenessAlleviatinginitialclientanxietyandintroducingtheworker'spurposeandroleAssessment:gatherandanalyzeinformationtoprovideaconcisepictureoftheclientandhisorherneedsandstrengths.skillsLookingbeyondindividualandexamineotherfactorsintheirenvironmentFindingstrengthsPayingattentionhumandiversityPlanning:whatshouldbedoneAlternativesandconsequencesimplementation:followingtheplanstoachievethegoalsEvaluation:determinewhetheragivenchangeeffortwasworthwhile.termination:theendoftheprofessionalsocialwork-clientrelationshiptypes:Natural,forced,andunplannedskillsAppropriatetimingChapter5:PracticeSettingSettinginSocialWorkPractice:OrganizationsandCommunitiesOrganizationsareentitiesmadeupofpeoplethathaverulesandstructuretoachievespecifiedgoals.Socialservicesinthecontextofsocialagencies.Socialservicesincludethewiderangeofactivitiesthatsocialworkersperformtohelppeoplesolveproblemsandimprovetheirpersonalwell-being.Asocialagencyisanorganizationprovidingsocialservicesthattypicallyemployssocialworkersinadditiontoofficestaff,andsometimesvolunteers.Forms:Publicorprivate;Nonprofitorproprietary(forprofit)SocialworkpracticeinthecontextofcommunitiesAcommunityis“anumberofpeoplewhohavesomethinginsummonwithoneanotherthatconnectstheminsomewayandthatdistinguishesthemfromothers.Somemutualcharacteristic,suchas"location,interest,identification,culture,andactivities"Types:Locality-basedcommunity;NongeographiccommunityThespecialcircumstancesofsocialworkpracticeinruralcommunities.LowpopulationdensitySocialproblemsfacedbyruralresidents:poverty,lackoftransportation,inadequatechildcare,unemployment,substandardhousing,andinsufficienthealthcareandsoon.Fourspecialissuesforruralsocialworkers:(1)truegenelists(workwithdifferentlevelcasesystemsanduseawideofskills)(2)Interagencycooperation.(3)Theimportanceofunderstandingthecommunity,knowingitsvaluesanddevelopingrelationshipswithruralresidents(informalrelationship)Emphasizingstrengthsinherentinruralcommunities.(Informalsupportingsystem)UrbansocialworkUrbansocialworkispracticewithinthecontextoflargecities,withtheirvastarrayofsocialproblems,exceptionaldiversity,andpotential

rangeof

resources.Fiveproblemsinurbanareas:(1)Socialproblemsoccurwithgreaterfrequencyandthereforearemorevisibleincities.Widespreadoccurrenceofdiscriminatorybehavior.Migrationproblems.Financialshortfallsorunavailabilityofresources.(5)GreateramountofpsychologicalstressSkillsnecessaryforurbansocialworkPayingattentiontohumandiversityUnderstandingtheiragencyenvironmentSeekingresourcesintheexternalurbanenvironmentUsingadvocacyMicropractice:socialworkwithindividualscounseloreducatorbrokerfacilitatoradvocateMicro/mezzopractice:socialworkwithfamiliesTheprimarypurposeoffamilysocialworkistohelpfamilieslearntofunctionmorecompetentlywhilemeetingthedevelopmentandemotionalneedsofallmembers.Thetaskoffamilysocialworkers(1)Beresponsivetothestylesandvaluesoffamiliesfrompopulations.

other

specialBreakcomplextasksintosmallerspecificsteps.Assessthekeyskillsneededforlessstressfulfamilyinteraction.Explainandmodelappropriateskills.AssessindividuallearningstylesandwaystoteachadultsandchildrenEstablishhomeworkandothermeansofensuringgeneralizationofskillsfromonesettingtoanother.Promoteandrewardskillacquisition.Emphasizestrategiesthathelpdevelopthestrengthsoffamilymembers(9)Motivatethefamilytostayinvolvedevenwhenfacedwithchallengesandsetback.Theimportanceofsocialnetworksforfamilies.Socialnetwork:thestructureandnumberofpeopleandgroupswithwhomyouhavecontactorconsideryourselftobeincontact.Emotionalsupport,instrumentalsupport,informationalsupportandappraisalsupportMezzopractice:socialworkwithgroupTreatmentgroupTaskgroupMacropractice:socialworkwithorganizationsandcommunitiessocialactionsocialplanninglocalitydevelopmentMacroskillsAgencyorpublicsocialpoliciesmayrequirechange.EntailinitiatingandconductingprojectswithinagencyorcommunitycontextsPlanningandimplementingnewsocialserviceprogramswithinanagencyorcommunity.Chapter6:AnoverviewofsocialwelfareandsocialworkhistoryEarlyEuropeanApproachestoSocialWelfareFeudalismLandsownervs.landlessserfMedievalhospitalChurchPeoplehavelittlemobility,freechoice,potentialforchange.Judeo-Christianthought:"Gooddeeds,loveofone'senemies,andentryintoheaventhroughmercyandcharity".Englandafterfeudalism'sdemisePeoplegainedmobilityandindependencebutlostmuchofthesafetyandsecuritytheoldfeudalsystemhadprovided.Governmentregainssocialcontrolbypassingsomestatute,suchas:Keepingpeoplefrommoving;Forbiddingable-bodiedpeoplefrombegging.TheEnglishElizabethanPoorLawof1601Recipientsarecategorizedinto:DependentchildrenImpotentpoorTheable-bodiedpoor1662Lawofsettlementestablishedanewprincipleofsocialwelfareprovision:residencyrequirement.TheSpeenhamlandSystemThefirstMinimumincomemaintenancesystemTheEnglishPoorLawreformsof1834Governmentwouldnotprovideoutdoorreliefforable-bodiedpeople.BlamethevictimU.S.SocialwelfareHistory:EarlyColonizationtothemid-1800sServicesreflectedamixofpublicandprivatecollaboration.Governmentassumedresponsibilityofadministrationaidbutoftencalleduponlocalchurchesforhelp.Residencyrequirementwasestablished.FocusonMentalHealthandMentalillnessMoraltreatment:humanetreatmentinstructuredinstitutionalsettingsTheCivilWarEraFreemanBureau:thefirstfederalwelfareagency1870-1900Twotrends:Industrialization;UrbanizationFocusonchildren:earlypoliciesInstitutionalcare:almshouseandorphanageFostercare?Settlement

House,Charity

Organization

Societies,

andGeneralist

social

work?SettlementHousewereplaceswhereministers,students,orhumanitarians'settle'tointeractwithpoorslumdwellerswiththepurposeoftheconditionofcapitalism.

alleviatingCharactersSettlehouseapproachaddresstheproblemsinthecontextofenvironment.EmphasizeonadvocacyEmphasizeonempowermentofpeopleCharityOrganizationSocietiesFriendlyvisitorEstablishabaseofscientificknowledgeandapplyittothehelpingprocessFocusoncuringindividualTheProgressiveperiod:1900to1930TheGreatDepressionandthe1930sTheGreatDepressionandNewDealCashreliefShort-termworkrelief,ExpansionofemploymentTheSocialSecurityActof1935Socialinsurance(foroldage,disability,deathofabreadwinner,unemployment,andwork-relatedinjuryandsickness)PublicAssistance(oldpeople,childrenandblindpeople)The1960sandtheWaronPovertyMorepeopleofcolorareinpovertythanwhitepeople.Publicassistancerollwereescalatingevenunemploymentdecreased.thepublicwelfareamendmentsof1962WaronpovertyAReturntoConservatisminthe1970sConservativeextremesinthe1980sandearly1990s.Translation?SocialWorkershavedifficultieswithempowermentstrategiesbecausetheiragenciesarepartofasocialsystemwhichroutinelydevaluescertainminoritygroups.Makingequalresponsestoallpeoplewhocometoanagencymayreducediscrimination.Sincenegativevaluationsaresowidespread,agenciesmayunthinkinglyimplementthem.Consequently,wediscouragepotentialclientsfromusingtheagencyandtheydonotreceivetheequaltreatmentavailable.Chapter7:Policy,PolicyAnalysis,PolicyPractice,andPolicyAdvocacySocialwelfarepolicy?Policy:rulesthatgovernpeople'slivesanddictateexpectationsforbehavior.?SocialWelfarePolicy:Lawsandregulationsthatgovernwhichsocialwelfareprogramsexist,whatcategoriesofclientsareserved,andwhoqualifiesforagivenprogram.?AgencyPolicy:standardsadoptedbyorganizationsandprogramsthatprovideservices.SocialWelfarePolicyDevelopmentphase1Recognizingsociety'svaluesaboutwhatisconsideredimportantorworthwhile.Phase2Phase3Identificationofpublicopinionaboutanidentifiedproblemandpeople'srelatedneeds.Normativeorientationphase4Legislatorsconfrontedwithaproblemorneedandswampedwithpublicopinionundertakethecomplicatedformulationofsocialwelfarepolicytoaddresstheissues.Phase5Phase6Socialservicesaredeliveredbysocialworkersandotherstaffinthecontextofsocialservicesagencies.StructuralcomponentsofsocialwelfareprogramsWhatarepeople'sneedsandprogramgoals.thefoodstampprogramWhatkindsofbenefitsareprovidedWhataretheeligibilitycriteriafortheprogramMeanstestWhopaysfortheprogramsHowistheprogramadministeredandrunNational,state,orlocalValueperspectivesandpoliticalideology:effectsonsocialresponsibilityandsocialwelfareprogramdevelopmentTheconservative-liberalcontinuumradicalism?residualandinstitutionalperspectivesdevelopment

onsocial

welfare

policy

andprogramuniversalversusselectiveserviceprovisionValueorientationConservativeliberalviewofresponsibilityindividualsociety'sresponsibilityresponsibilityconceptionofwhereproblemspessimistic:peopleareoptimistic:peoplewillandneedsliebasicallylazythriveifgivensupportperspectiveongovernmentalgovernmentshouldnotit'sgovernment'sinterventioninterfereresponsibilitytohelpsocialorientation

welfare

programresidualreactive

institutionalsupportive/ongoingbenefitavailabilityselectiveuniversalPolicyanalysisFive-EApproach?Howeffectiveisthepolicy?Howefficientisthepolicy?Isthepolicyethicallysound?Whatdoesevaluationofpotentialalternativepoliciesreveal?WhatrecommendationscanbeestablishedforpositivechangesPolicyPracticeandPolicyAdvocacyChapter8:SocialworkandservicesinhealthcareHealthproblemsFactorscausinghealthproblems:UnhealthfullifestylesPhysicalinjuredEnviromentalfactorsPovertyContagiousSocialWorkRolesinHealthCare：medicalsocialworkerSocialworkrolesindirecthealthcarepractice1.Hospital,medicalclinicsandsoonHelppatientsunderstandandinterprettechnicalmedicaljargonOfferemotionalsupport(3)Helpterminallyillpeopledealwiththeirfeelingsandmakeend-of-lifeplans.(4)Helppatient’sadjusttheirlivesandlifestylestoaccommodatetonewconditionswhentheyreturnhomeaftermedicaltreatmentHelpparentsofchildrenwhohaveseriousillnessesordisabilitiescopewiththeseconditionsandrespondtochildren'sneeds.Serveasbrokerswholinkpatientswithnecessarysupportiveresourcesandservicesafterleavingthemedicalfacility.Helppatientsmakefinancialarrangementstopayhospitalandothermedicalbills.(8)Providehealtheducationaimedatestablishingahealthfullifestyleandpreventingillness.PublicHealthDepartmentsandotherhealthcarecontexts(1)Preventingdiseases(2)Prolonginglife(3)PromotinghealthandefficiencythroughorganizedcommunityeffortManagedcaresettingsTraditionalhealthyinsurance(fee-for-servicebasis)Assessmenttodeterminewhetherpatientsareeligibleforbenefitsandwhicharemostappropriate.MacroPracticeinHealthcare:seekingempowermentAdvocatingforhealthcoverageandhealthcarelegislation,policiesandresourcesHealthCarepolicyandproblemsinthemacroenvironmentTheescalatingcostofhealthcareTherapidaccelerationoftechnologicaladvanceshasincreasedthetypesofservices,drugs,andtestingavailable.Thepopulationisaging.UnequalaccesstohealthcareNationalhealthinsurancevs.contribution-basedhealthinsuranceProblemsinmanagedcareCapitationCostandhealth-careoutcomeCulturalcompetenceAPIcultural:FilialpietyCollectiveversusindividualdecisionmakingEmphasisonHarmonyversusconflictNonverbalcommunicationsFatalismShameataskingforhelpInternationalperspectives:AIDS-AGlobalCrisisAIDS:acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromeHIV:humanimmunodeficiencyvirusEmpowermentforpeoplelivingwithAIDSvictimsvs.PeoplelivingwithAIDSSocialworkrolesandempowermentforpeoplelivingwithAIDSCounseling;Educator;Crisisintervention;Empowermentandreconnection(supportsystem);Familycounseling;Broker;Referralandsupportgroup;CasemanagementTranslationToputtheproblemsomewhatdifferentlyonemightsaythatsocialadministrationhastendedtooperatewithtwobasicmodelsofsocialpolicy-residual

(conservative)andinstitutional(liberal/socialdemocratic)-almosttotallyignoringathirdmodelofwelfarewhichmightbecalled'structural'.Thisisaview

of

welfare

basedonMarxistanalysisofthecapitalistsystemandofitseventualsupersessionbysocialism.Briefly,itproposedtheinstitutionalizationofwelfareasacentralsocialvalue,butfranklyadmitsthatthiscannotbeachievedwithintheconfinesofcapitalism.Chapter9:SocialWorkandServicesinMentalHealthMentalHealth,Mentalillness,andsocialworkroles1.MentalHealthisthestateofrelativepsychologicalandemotionalwell-beinginwhichanindividualcanmakeacceptablyrationaldecisions,copeadequatelywithpersonalandexternalstresses,andmaintainsatisfactoryadjustmenttosociety2.Mentalillness(mentaldisorder)isanyofawiderangeofpsychological,emotional,orcognitivedisordersthatimpairaperson'sabilitytofunctioneffectively.EmploymentsettingsinmentalhealthforsocialworkersTheLeastrestrictivesettingonacontinuumofcare:empoweringclientsThemostrestrictivesettingvs.Theleastrestrictivesetting1.InpatientmentalandpsychiatrichospitalsInpatientmeansthatclientsresideinthefacilityforsomeperiod.2.ResidentialtreatmentcentersforchildrenandadolescentsAnareainwhichchildwelfareandmentalhealthoverlapisresidentialtreatmentcentersandgrouphomeforchildren.Technical:positivereinforcement,empathy,feedback,tokenandpointsystemGrouphomesmallerandlessrestrictivethanRTC.Psychiatricunitsingeneralhospitals:Offeremergencypsychiatriccareonatemporaryinpatientbasisforpeopleincrisis5.Outpatienttreatmentagencies:Provideindividual,group,andfamilycounselingforawiderangeofmentalhealthandsubstanceabuseproblems.Clinicsocialworkers6.Employeeassistanceprogram(EAS):Serviceprovidedbyorganizationsthatfocusonworkers'mentalhealthandonadjustmentproblemsthatinterferewiththeirworkperformance.Occupationalsocialwork:canprovidegriefcounseling,stressandtimemanagement,maritalproblems,childcareneed,financialissues,retirementplanning,andcrisisintervention.Communitymentalhealthcenters:amacroresponsetoindividualneeds(1)Casemanagement(2)Childandadolescentservices(3)Informationandeducationprograms(4)Long-termcommunityprograms(5)Daytreatmentprogram(6)AlcoholandotherdrugtreatmentprogramsClientswithmentalhealthproblemsDementiaAlzheimerdiseaseSchizophreniaandotherpsychoticdisorderslossofcontactwithrealityMooddisordersDepressivedisorderBipolardisorders(manic-depressiveillness)AnxietydisordersDissociativedisordersMultiplepersonalitydisorders6.EatingdisordersAnorexiaNervosaBulimiaNervosa7.ImpulsecontroldisorderPathologicalgambling8.PersonalitydisordersParanoidAntisocialAvoidantDependentObsessive-composiveWhatsocialworkersdoinmentalhealth1.CasemanagementinmicropracticeMicropractice:psychotherapySuchas:cognitivetherapy,psychoanalysis,focus-solutiontherapyMezzoPractice:runningtreatmentgroupsTherapy,support,education,growthandsocializationMezzopractice:treatingfamiliesMacropracticeandpolicypracticeinmentalhealth5.Evidence-basedpracticeinmentalhealthComprehensivecommunitysupportFamilyeducationandsupportWorkencouragementandassistanceCoordinatedtreatmentforconcurrentsubstanceabuseissuesEducationalandcopingskilldevelopmentgroupsChapter10:SocialworkandservicesforyouthsandintheschoolsSchoolsocialworkSchoolsocialworktakesplaceinschoolsettings,wherepractitionersworkwithstudents,families,otherschoolpersonnel,andcommunitiestoprovidethebesteducationpossiblefortoday'syouth.ConsultantCounselorFacilitatorEducatorAdvocateBrokerCasemanagerCommunityinterventioncollaboratorPolicyinitiatoranddeveloperGayandLesbian