考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学翰林学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学翰林学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ingenious意为“精巧的，巧妙的，机敏的”；ambitious意为“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”。

句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。

2.翻译题

I’vecometoappreciatethatlifehasitsowntimetable.Ittakesninemonthstomakeababy,2lyearstomakeanadult.Ittakesalongtimetobecomeagoodviolinistordownhillskier.Italsotakestimetobecomeasuccess—andevenmoretimetobecomeasuccessasaperson.

Perhapsthelastthingforcontrollingimpatienceistoexamineyourowncontributiontoit.Areyouunwillingtograntchildrentimetolearn,orslowpeopletimetoaccomplishatask?Ifimpatienceisonlyoccasional,yourannoyancewillpass.Butifyou’realmostalwaysirritableandabrupt,youmaywellfeelthatyou’rejusttooimportanttoeverbekeptwaitingforanyoneoranything.

You’renot,ofcourse;noneofusare.Ifwecanacceptthattheworldisourstoenjoybutnotmadeforourconvenience,we’llbebetterabletomovethroughitequably,morepatientwiththeordinaryvicissitudesoflifeandagoodcompaniontoourfellowhumanbeings—andtoourselves.

【答案】我已经开始欣赏生活有它自己的时间表。9个月就能生个孩子，21年就能长大成人。要成为一名优秀的小提琴家或滑降选手需要很长时间。成功也需要时间，甚至要花费更多的时间来成为一个成功的人。

也许控制不耐烦的最后一件事是检查你自己对它的贡献。你是不愿意给孩子学习的时间，还是不愿意给慢吞吞的人完成任务的时间？如果只是偶尔不耐烦，那么你的烦恼就会过去。但如果你几乎总是易怒和唐突，那么你很可能会觉得自己太重要，以至于不应该等待任何人或任何事。

当然，你不是最重要的，我们都不是最重要的。如果我们能接受这个世界是我们享受的，而不是为我们的便利而创造的，我们就能更好地平静度过，对普通的生活变迁更有耐心，并成为我们人类同胞和我们自己的好伴侣。

3.单选题

ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.

Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’，togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.

SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.

HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.

StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.

1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga（）.

2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris（）.

3.SteveGonzalez（）.

4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto（）.

5.StoneBrewingis（）.

问题1选项

A.recycledwaterbeer

B.sewagewaterbeer

C.toiletwaterbeer

D.tapwaterbeer

问题2选项

A.doubtful

B.passive

C.positive

D.curious

问题3选项

A.madethreebeerswiththreemaltsandthreehops.

B.saidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.

C.presentedthebrewtocuriouscustomersinSanDiego.

D.madethebrewthoughdoubtfulatfirst.

问题4选项

A.treatallwaterby2021

B.recycleathirdofwaterby2021

C.purifyitwaterby2021

D.makeathirdofwaterby2021

问题5选项

A.goodatusingdifferentwatersources.

B.positiveinusingdifferentwatersources.

C.recyclingdifferentwatersources.

D.usedtousingdifferentwatersources.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater(南加州的一家啤酒厂用处理过的污水成功地测试了一种啤酒)，第二段还指出:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewater(这种新的麦芽酒是用经过循环处理的污水制成的)。因此，A项“循环水啤酒”正确。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive(一些人称之为“马桶到水龙头”的啤酒反响似乎还不错)，因此C项“积极的，肯定的”正确。

3.细节事实题。第三段指出:StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew(斯通酿酒公司负责酿造和创新的高级经理史蒂夫冈萨雷斯（SteveGonzalez）创造了这款啤酒，并表示他一开始很怀疑。但当他试着冲泡时，所有的疑虑都消除了)。因此D项“一开始对这款啤酒心存怀疑”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“PureWaterSanDiego”定位至第二段:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021(这款新啤酒用的是处理过的回收污水，是圣地亚哥市“净水圣地亚哥”计划的一部分，目标是在2021年前实现三分之一的用水为回收水)。因此，B项“到2021年，回收三分之一的水”正确。

5.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions(加州极度缺水，因此酿酒厂常使用不同的水源，而这些水质也相应地有区别)。因此选D项“常使用不同水源”。

4.单选题

Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”

Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.

From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.

DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”

DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.

Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.

Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.

ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.

DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.

1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly（

）.

2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.

3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat（

）.

4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto（

）.

5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,

6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.

7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?

8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated（

）.

9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto（

）.

10.Thisarticle（

）.

11.Giventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgeronto---istheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor（

）.

12.Thewordchallenginginline7means（

）.

13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is（

）.

14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is（

）.

15.Thewordpromisinginline52means（

）.

问题1选项

A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.

B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces

C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled

D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty

E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty

问题2选项

A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed

B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife

C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary

D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon

E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings

问题3选项

A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical

B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen

C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath

D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen

E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen

问题4选项

A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage

B.usenumbersandreadtimetables

C.readtimetablesandusemaps

D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables

E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers

问题5选项

A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly

B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss

C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation

E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

问题6选项

A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases

B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked

C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder

D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby

问题7选项

A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper

B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth

C.Yourmother’sname

D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”

E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle

问题8选项

A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware

B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors

C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs

D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople

E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs

问题9选项

A.marrysomeonequietanddependable

B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage

C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious

D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations

E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel

问题10选项

A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch

B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly

C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities

D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly

E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged

问题11选项

A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield

B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople

C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch

D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology

E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder

问题12选项

A.supporting

B.supplyingevidencefor

C.disproving

D.bringingintodoubt

E.suspicious

问题13选项

A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging

B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain

C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize

D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging

E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition

问题14选项

A.easy

B.bending

C.difficult

D.strong

E.rigid

问题15选项

A.indicatingadefiniteresult

B.productive

C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults

D.guaranteeingcertainresults

E.guaranteedbytheevidence

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:E

第15题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers（发现自己很难记起曾经的同事的名字）。干扰项为C:很难记起一些自己的同事的名字。此处“一些”与原文不符。因此A项“很难记起自己的同事是谁”正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些专家说,某些艺术家和知识分子晚年的智力和创造性生产力，与其说是一种理想，不如说是一种例外)。由此可知E项“不认为这类人可以被当成普通人的模范”正确。

3.细节事实题。题干问的是DrSchaie的研究发现,据此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降体现在基本的数学运算能力上。到80岁末的时候，男女的基本数学运算能力仅大约是其50岁时的一半)。故E项“男女计算能力的丧失都很严重”正确。B项“在计算能力丧失方面，女人比男人更严重”与第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A项“男女智力下降的模式几乎是一致的”及D项“在归纳推理能力丧失方面，男女老年人大约是一致的”不正确。C项“在老年妇女中，归纳推理与基本数学能力因年龄增长而丧失的程度是一样”,文中没有提及。

4.细节事实题。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最严重智力下降之一被证明是在语言理解能力上，它在女人迈入70岁时下降的相对较少，但等他们到80岁的时，它就会很快下降差不多25%)及第三题的分析“85岁女人的数学运算能力也会大大降低”得知正确答案为A“使用数字及理解语言”。

5.细节事实题。第四段第三句说DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年学研究领域的前沿专家)。第四句说:DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe领导一个受MacArthur基金赞助的有关成功老龄化的研究网络)。由此可知C项“是一个协调紧密的研究协会的领导，该协会研究如何保持老年健康”正确。

6.语义题。题干意思为:在老年人中，人与人之间的差异都很大：一组人的年龄越大，组员之间的差异就更大。因此E项“人类群体中成员间的整体相似性随年龄的増加而减少”正确。

7.推理判断题。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固态记忆指经年累积的词汇或其它知识，其能很好地保持到年老时)。因此A项“上周报纸的一个标题”不属于固态记忆。

8.推理判断题。DrSchaie的研究发现:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究发现:differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同类型的记忆在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(设计了一个关于长期和短期记忆、注意力、推理和计算等心理技能的计算机测试);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(将一个人的分数与其他同龄人、中年人和其他专业人士的标准进行比较)。因此可知这些人的研究方向是有重叠的，故C项“将有可能证实DrSchaie的一些发现，却会让DrMons的发现失效”正确。

9.推理判断题。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement（一份成功的事业或生活中的其它活动，退休后保持强烈的精神情趣）及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces（容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方）,这些都被DrSchaie认为是在年老时精神功能良好的预示，研究也发现仅仅与具有这些特点的人生活都是受益的（Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial）,并且DrSchaie说“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse（有一个高功能的配偶是有帮助的）。因此如果向DrSchaie征求关于寻找伴侣的意见,他更会建议“与一个充满活力与好奇心的人结婚”。

10.主旨大意题。文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系知C项“概述了在了解年龄增长与智力活动之间的关系方面取得的最新进展”正确。

11.主旨大意题。题干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希腊语的词根，意思是“老人”（见第22行），我们可以合理地推断这篇文章针对的人群是。该文章主要讲老年人的智力变化与其年龄增长的关系,而且专业性不是很强。因此D项“接受过大学教育并对老年学研究进展感兴趣的的读者”正确。

12.词义题。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(这些发现对一些基本假设提出了挑战，比如认为这种下降是衰老过程的自然组成部分，与一般健康状况无关),因此这里的challenging为动词,因此D项“质疑”正确。

13.词义题。cognitive（认知的，认识的）本身是形容词，可以直接排除B项(动词,表示…),C项与E项(名词,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多岁自愿参加认知测试的人中，有20%到30%的人表现出色，30多岁和40多岁的人也表现出色，他们大概处于精神发育的最佳时期)。因此A项“与认识与判断行为相关的一个形容词”正确。

14.词义题。对aflexibleattitude的解释为:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易适应变化，喜欢学习新东西与去新的地方)。故flexible的意思为“灵活多变”。其反义词为E项“僵硬的，死板的”。

15.词义题。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年时态度灵活也是一个很有前途的指标)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故选C“有力地暗示可能结果”。

5.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

66.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

67.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”_______inAmericansociety.

68.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

69.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”,thismeans______.

70.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis______.

问题1选项

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

问题2选项

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

问题3选项

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

问题4选项

A.thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”,fatis“lazy”

C.thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”

问题5选项

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】66.推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中我们可以推断禁忌是……”。根据第二段第一句Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也许关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社会中随着时间的推移而改变的，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度是如何在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的）可知，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的，那么可以推断禁忌是不可以被接受的一种行为，所以C项“被社会认为是不可接受的行为”正确。A项“想要做一些奇怪或可怕的事情的强烈欲望”是干扰项，在第一段中有原话Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.（在你生命中的某些时候，你可能有强烈的欲望去做一些奇怪或可怕的事情），这是为了引出禁忌行为这个话题，不是禁忌的推断结果，所以A项不选；B项“冲动而犯的罪行”，文中没有提到罪行；D项“给别人留下不好的印象”太广泛，不能准确表述禁忌的含义。因此，该题选择C项正确。

67.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章中提出的观点，我们可以得出推断‘变得肥胖’在美国社会是……”。第二段第一句指出Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也许关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社会中随着时间的推移而改变的，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度是如何在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的），可知禁忌行为在某一天可以变得能够接受；接着第三段讨论到了美国社会的肥胖问题，根据第三段第三句It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.（谈论肥胖并不是禁忌，变得肥胖才是禁忌）可知变得肥胖在美国社会是一个禁忌，那么根据这两处可以推断，变得肥胖在美国社会中虽然是一个不可接受的禁忌行为，但是在某个时间点可能会变得可以接受，所以D项“在将来某一天可能不再是一个禁忌”符合题意。A项“将永远是一个禁忌”不符合原文；第三段第一句提到OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.（关于肥胖的话题是美国社会最新的禁忌之一），B项“不被大多数人认为是禁忌”表述错误；C项“长期以来一直是禁忌”错误，文中提到肥胖是美国社会最新的禁忌，所以不可能长期以来都是。因此，该题选择D项正确。

68.细节事实题。题干意思是“关于肥胖的话题与许多其他禁忌话题相比，是……”。第三段第二句提到Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.（不像其他的禁忌，肥胖是美国人经常谈论的话题）可知，肥胖的话题不同于其他禁忌话题，所以B项“不同的”正确。A项“一样的”和D项“不常被讨论的”表述与原文相反；C项“更受欢迎的”为干扰项，文中指出禁忌是人们不能接受的行为，所以不可能会受到欢迎。因此，该题选择B项正确。

69.推理判断题。题干意思是“在美国，瘦是‘in’，胖是‘out’，这句话的意思是……”。根据第三段第五句Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.（在工作中，大多数公司更喜欢年轻、苗条的主管来向公众推销自己的形象和产品）和最后一句Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.（在像美国这样注重形象的社会里，瘦是“in”，胖是“out”）可知，在注重形象的美国社会，瘦的人才可以向大众推销形象和产品，那么可以推断瘦在美国代表时髦，而胖则是过时，所以D项“瘦是‘时尚’，胖是‘不时尚’”正确。A项“瘦是‘内’，胖是‘外’”不符合原文意思；B项“瘦是‘勤奋’，胖是‘懒惰’”文中没有提到瘦是勤奋；C项“瘦是‘年轻’，胖是‘无精打采’”为干扰项，第三段虽然提到Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.（瘦削的外表与年轻、活力和成功联系在一起。另一方面，胖人被认为懒惰、缺乏活力、自律和自尊。），但是C项表述比较片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

70.细节事实题。题干意思是“除了对健康和锻炼之间的关系有了新的理解，这篇文章给出的为什么这么多美国人经常锻炼的主要原因是……”。在文章最后两句提到Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiesc