考研考博-英语-常州大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-常州大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theuniversity（）fiveschoolsandtwenty-fivedepartments.

问题1选项

A.beconsistedof

B.consistsof

C.beconsistedby

D.beconsistedin

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词用法。动词consist表示“由组成”，为不及物动词，无被动式。词组consistof表示“（整体）由（部分）组成”。句意：这所大学由4个学院和25个部门组成。因此，本题正确答案为B项。

2.单选题

问题1选项

A.Seriousofhighbloodpressure.

B.Medicationofhighbloodpressure.

C.Quantityofmedicationforhighbloodpressure.

D.Complaintaboutthemedicationforhighbloodpressure.

问题2选项

A.Toincreasedosage.

B.Tocutdosage.

C.Tochangeintoanothermedication.

D.Toaddanothermedication.

问题3选项

A.Taketwomedicationseveryday.

B.Toreducethedosage.

C.Toconsiderthemedicationsherecommended.

D.Tocheckthemedicationoutoninternet.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】第1题:在对话中反复出现了“medication”这个词，且一开始这个男性就说到“bloodpressure”的问题，因此他们谈论的就是“治疗高血压的药物”。B选项正确。

第2题:对话中男性说到“AndIwanttoaddanotherdrugtorelieveyoursymptom”，说明是要再增加一种药物，以缓解高血压药的副作用。D选项正确。

第3题:最后，这个女性说到“Whataboutthismedication?”以及说到自己朋友用过，且说效果好，自己也查过。说明她想要医生考虑她推荐的药物。C选项正确。

3.单选题

Ifacompanyisalreadyeffectively（

）itscompetitorsbecauseitprovidesservicethatavoidsadamagingreputationandkeepscustomers（

）leavingatanunacceptablerate,theninvestmentinhigherservicelevelsmaybewasted,sinceserviceisadecidingfactorforcustomersonlyinextremesituation.

问题1选项

A.inparwith...from

B.inaparwith...in

C.onparwith...outof

D.onaparwith...from

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。第一空的固定搭配是onaparwith“与……同等；和……一样”；第二个空格处的搭配是“keepsb.fromdoingsth.”。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Thegreatestsocialchangehasbeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawoman’slifespentincaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthenineteenthcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.D.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,opportunityandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetapaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawoman’syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandcanbeexpectedtoliveanotherthirty-fiveyearsandsheislikelytotakepaidjobsuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesandconvenientfoods.

Thisimportantchangeinwomen’slife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen’seconomicposition.Evenafewyearagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.B.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen.Manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob.B.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylife,andwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestofeachofthem.

1.Accordingthepassage,thewomanoftodayusually

.

2.Onereasonwhythewomanoftodaymaytakeajobisthatshe

.

3.Manygirlsthepassageclaimsarenowlikelyto

.

4.Accordingtothepassage,itisnowquiteusuallyforwomento

.

5.Nowadays,ahusbandtendsto

.

问题1选项

A.getsmarriedinsteadofgettingpaidwork

B.marriesbeforesheistwenty-five

C.hasmorechildrenunderfifteen

D.hasfewerchildren

问题2选项

A.isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves

B.doesnotlikechildrenherself

C.doesnotneedtoworryaboutfoodforherchildren

D.canretirefromfamilyresponsibilitieswhenshereachessixty

问题3选项

A.giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried

B.leaveschoolassoonastheycan

C.marrysothattheycangetajob

D.continueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohavebabies

问题4选项

A.stayathomeafterleavingschool

B.marrymenyoungerthanthemselves

C.startworkingagainlaterinlife

D.marrywhilestillatschool

问题5选项

A.sharemorefamilyduties

B.helphiswifebydoingmostofthehouseholdwork

C.feeldissatisfiedwithhisroleinthefamily

D.takeapart-timejobsothathecanhelpinthehome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到现在的女性通常结婚早，孩子生得少（Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren），因此选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以当她最小的孩子15岁的时候（可以照顾自己），她已经50多岁了；而现在的女性当孩子15岁的时候，她45岁，还可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn可知选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章第二段提到虽然很多女性结婚更早，但是直到生第一个孩子之前她们还在工作，并且她们中很多人会继续回来工作或者做兼职工作（Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesand

satisfactions…可知选项A符合题意。

5.翻译题

很多已经发表的科学论文都有错误，各种因素导致了这个问题。统计错误比比皆是。在杂志决定刊载论文之前，审读论文的同行审读人（peerreviewers）在发现错误方面比杂志或其他人更差；职业的压力、竞争和进取心驱使科学家们更快地发表文章而失去了理智。更糟的是，科学家职业体系强调发表大量论文。“不发表论文就灭亡”的压力已经逐步地统治学术生活。

【答案】Therearemistakesinmanyscientificpapersalreadypublished.Variousfactorscontributetothisproblem.Statisticalerrorsmeettheeyeeverywhere.Beforejournalsdecidetopublishpapers,peerreviewersareinferiortojournalsorotherpeopleinfindingmistakes.Professionalpressure,competitionandenterprisepromptscientiststopublishpapersmorequicklybuttolosetheirsense.Worsestill,scientists’professionalsystememphasizesthepublicationofalargenumberofpapers.Thepressureofpublishingpapersorperishingisdominatingacademiclifegradually.

6.单选题

Hewasverypluckyindealingwiththeintruders.

问题1选项

A.timid

B.brave

C.shy

D.nervous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项timid“胆小的，羞怯的”，B项brave“勇敢的，无畏的，表现勇敢的”，C项shy“害羞的，畏缩的”，D项nervous“神经的，紧张不安的”。句意：他在对付闯入者时非常勇敢。根据句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，该题选择B项。

7.单选题

Thefillingstation（）becausethereweretoomanyothersonthestreet.

问题1选项

A.wentunder

B.wentthrough

C.fellout

D.fellthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项gounder“破产，屈服”；B选项gothrough“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fellout“争吵”；D选项fellthrough“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith________.

问题1选项

A.forlong

B.inandout

C.onceforall

D.bynature

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“长久”；B选项“来龙去脉”；C选项“彻底地，一劳永逸地”；D选项“天生地，自然地”。句意：期待任何社会能够（）解决其面对的所有社会问题是幼稚的。根据句意我们可以排除A，B。

9.单选题

ForumfortheFuture,workingwithTescoandUnilever,reckonthatby2022whatwebuy,howwebuyitandwhofromwillhavechangedradically.Intheirreport,RetailFutures,theylookahead15yearstoseewhatliesinstoreforshoppersandtheretailgroups.Theyseenotonlyneworbiggerstorechains,moresprawlingretailparks,andmorepoultryproductsandpastasauces.Theirvisionsrangefrommulti-storeycarparksconvertedintocitycentreallotmentsor"verticalfarms"withproducemarketswheretheparkingpaymentboothsoncewere.toanationofstay-at-homeshopperswholettheirfingersdothewalkingtoorderinalmosteverythingtheyneedorlettheirrefrigeratorsdothetalking,withautomatic,direct-to-storereorderingandhomedeliveryeverytimeyoghurt,saladorbeerstocksrunlow.

ForumfortheFuture,asustainabledevelopmentcharityfoundedbyveteranenvironmentalistSirJonathonPorrittandwhichnowadvisesmorethan100organizationsinthepublicandprivatesector,saystherealityof2022isprobablysomewherebetweenthetwoextremes."Itwillbeamixture,"saidTomBerry,theForum'smainsustainabilityadviser.

Thehighstreetisvitaltotheeconomyandtheenvironment：nearlythreemillionpeopleworkinretailwhichgenerates6%ofUKGDP—and2.5%ofthecountry'scarbondioxideemissions.TheForumsaysstoresandretailgroupshave"adisproportionateinfluenceoversociety"asaresultofmarketingcampaignsanddailydealingswithconsumers.

TheForum'sresearchersidentifiedarangeoffactorswhichwillaffectwhatwebuy,howwebuyandwhowewillbuyfrominthenext15years.Theyinclude:climatechange,whichislikelytoaffectagriculturalproduction;higherorloweroilprices;newtechnology;advancesinenergyproduction;moreglobalizationanddemographicchangesthatwillmeanmoreimmigrantlaborandmoreelderlyandsinglepersonhouseholds.

Theycouldpromptnewshoppingformats,saystheForum,like"TescoSilver"outletswithcustomizedproductsforretiredbabyboomers.Theyalsoreckonthebellcouldbetollingforendlessaislesofutilityproductsliketoiletpaperandbinliners,whichmightonlybesoldonline,orfromautilitysectionatthebackofastore,alongsidevastvatsofliquidslikefabricconditioner,whereshopperscouldfillreusablecontainers.Thelongqueueatthecheckoutcouldalsobehistorywhenbarcodesarereadforpricesimmediatelyanitemisdroppedintoatrolley.

Theonlinerevolution,saystheForum,hasonlyjuststarted:"Wecananticipateinnovationssuchasenteringyourpostcodeforhyper-localsourcing."Consumers,however,mightalsousetheinternettocutoutthemiddlemanandsourcedirectfromfarmsandmanufacturers,soposingathreattomajorretailers".

TheexplosioninthenumberofTVchannelsandtheriseoftheinternettodownloadentertainmentmeansstorechainswillhavetoworkfarhardertobuild,andkeep,consumers'trust.Oneretailertoldtheresearchers:"Wewon'tbeabletorelyonhittingmillionsofpeopleat7:45p.m.onaWednesdaynightwithaCoronationStreetadvertisingslot."

TheForumcameupwithfourdifferentvisionsofthefuturedependingonhighorloweconomicgrowthandchangingconsumeroutlooks;whethershopperswantmoreconvenienceortodomoreforthemselves;perhapsbuyingmorelocallysourcedproductswithmoreinformationaboutwhattheirfamiliesareeatingandwearing.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

2.WhichofthefollowingbehaviorshasbeencarriedoutbyForumfortheFutureaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothereport,theshoppingscenarioforshoppersandretailersin15yearstimewillincludethefollowings,except（）

.

4.Whichofthefollowingaspectshasinfluenceonpeople'sshoppingbehaviorsaccordingtotheresearchers?

5.WhentheForumadvancesfourkindsoffutureconsumption,theconditionnottakenintoconsiderationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Thebigretailersandexpertshaveforecastanindividualistic,optimisticsocietywheretechnologyisheldinveryhighregards.

B.Thebigretailersandexpertshavegazedintothefutureandseenanewworldofshopping.

C.Thebigretailersandexpertshaverecognizedthattheeconomyisbuoyantandbigbusinesswillmetshoppers'demands.

D.Thebigretailersandexpertshavepredictedthatconsumerconfidencewillbelowandpeoplerelyonbigbusinessforsecurity.

问题2选项

A.Itprovidesmethodsforconsumerstomeasuretheirenergyuseandcarbonemission.

B.Itpromotescampaignsforthebigretailerstobuildupconsumerconfidence.

C.Itprovidescounselsforsomepublicandprivateorganizations.

D.Itpredictsthatthebigretailerswouldbecomemorepowerfulin2022.

问题3选项

A.verticalfarms

B.ordersfromhomerefrigerators

C.homedelivery

D.fingersdoingthewalking

问题4选项

A.Thechangesofthepopulation.

B.Theemissionofthecountry'scarbondioxide.

C.Theemergingofthebabyboomers.

D.Therearrangementatthebackofthestores.

问题5选项

A.smartpackageproducts

B.purchasingmorelocalproducts

C.economicgrowth

D.consumersperspectives

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,本文主要通过未来论坛来讲述零售商和专家对未来商品销售的展望和未来购物的全新方式。所以,选项B正确。

2.根据第二段的第一句"...whichnowadvisesmorethan100organizationsinthepublicandprivatesector,""未来论坛"是由资深环保人士JonathonPorritt爵士创立的一个可持续发展的慈善机构,目前为100多个公共和私营部门的组织提供咨询服务。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知,消费者和零售商在未来15年的购物情景包括在家购物,家用冰箱直接下单以及送货上门。只有选项A"垂直农场"不是未来的趋势,而是现在已经存在的。

4.根据第四段的内容可知,在未来的15年影响人们的购物行为的因素包括气候的变化,石油价格,新科技,能源的生产与发展,全球化的加大和人口变化。四个选项中只有选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知,论坛提出了四种不同的未来愿景,这些愿景取决于经济增长的快慢和消费者观念的变化;消费者是想要更多的便利,还是想为自己做更多的事;又或者是购买更多适合家人饮食习惯的当地特产。只有选项A没有提及,所以本题选A。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

10.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate-asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.PeopleofFilipinoorigin

C.TheKaLahuigroup

D.Peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

D.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

B.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

问题4选项

A.TheKaLahuigroup

B.TheHawaiiannatives

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs

D.AmericanIndiannatives

问题5选项

A.greaterautonomywithinthestate

B.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

C.morebackrentonthecrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.夏威夷本土少数民族要求更多处理本地事物的自主权。”和第二段“ThisislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.1898年美国吞并夏威夷岛后，夏威夷岛的原住民情况比其他种族的情况变得更糟糕。”故由此推断这里的本土少数民族是指夏威夷岛原住民，正确答案选A。

2.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上，失业率更高，他们的寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年。他们是唯一没有一定程度自治权的美国主要土著群体。”选项A、B和C描述均过于绝对，故正确答案选D。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.但是，夏威夷第一任本土出生的州长约翰怀希，设立主权咨询委员会，极大地促进了夏威夷原住民的发展事业，以此建议夏威夷原住民自己决定是否建立一个主权独立的夏威夷国家。”由此可知选项B文章中没有提到，故正确答案选B。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.这一工作得到夏威夷事务办公室的支持，此机构1978年成立是为原住民服务，现在成了本土主权运动的温和派”，由此可知夏威夷事务办公室在自主权问题上态度温和而不激进。正确答案选C。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段末“MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.”1987年夏威夷原住民中的一个比较激进的种族宣布脱离美国管辖，成立独立王国。故正确答案应该为C。

11.不定项选择题

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATprepcoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.AdegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.IfAaronandNicoledon’tgetin,they’reforeverdoomed.Gosh,we’redelusional.

I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.It’sone-upmanshipamongparents.Weseeourkids’collegepedigreesastrophiesattestingtohowwell-orhowpoorly-we’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Admissionsanxietyafflictsonlyaminorityofparents.It’struethatgettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.From1994to2006,theincreaseis2.8percent.Still,64percentoffreshmenattendschoolswhereacceptanceratesexceed70percent,andtheapplicationsurgeateliteschoolsdwarfspopulationgrowth.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughtrophiestogoaround.Fearfulparentsprodtheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.“Theepicentersofparentalanxietyusedtobeonthecoasts:Boston,NewYork,Washington,LosAngeles,saysTomParker,Amherst’sadmissionsdean.“Butit’sradiatedthroughoutthecountry.”

Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthat’splausible-andmostlywrong.“Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters,”saysErnestT.PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co-authorofHowCollegeAffectsStudents,an827evaluationofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools,accordingtoastudybyPascarellaandGeorgeKuhofIndianaUniversity.Somedo;somedon’t.Ontwomeasures-professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams-selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2percentto4percentforevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudybyPrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerandStacyBergDaleofMathematicaPolicyResearchexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.

Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarket,graduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.KruegerstudiedadmissionstoonelopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGraduateRecordExamhelpedexplainwhogotin;IvyLeaguedegreesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyofstudents20yearsoutfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

Whatfiresparents’fanaticismistheirself-servingdesiretoannouncetheirownsuccess?ManySuccumb;Ididn’tlocatedmyidealschoolformydaughter.Shegotinandwentelsewhere.Takethat,Dad.Ilocatedtheidealschoolformyson.Heck,hewouldn’tevenvisittheplace.Pow,Dad.Theybothlovetheirschoolsandseemamplystimulated.FoolishDad.

6.Theword“gladiators”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）

7.Theauthor’sattitudetotheparents’claim“ourmotivesareselflessandsensible”isoneof（）

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（）

9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutselectiveschoolsisTRUE?

10.Theauthorsuggeststhatparentsnotimposetheirambitionontheirchildrenbecause（）

问题1选项

A.colossus

B.commanders.

C.warriors.

D.gluttons.

问题2选项

A.antipathy.

B.apathy.

C.ambivalence.

D.dissent.

问题3选项

A.Americanyouthhavefewerchoicesbuttogotoeliteschools.

B.thecompetitionforeliteschoolsisfiercerintheUnitedStates.

C.theparentsshouldnotputtoomuchpressureontheirchildren.

D.thechildren’sfuturewillbebleakwithoutgoingtoeliteschools.

问题4选项

A.Selectiveschoolsofferbetterinstructionalapproachestotheirstudents.

B.Therearemoreassayexamsinselectiveschoolsthanotherschools.

C.Theirnewteachingmethodssecuretheirgraduates’highsalaries.

D.Theydon’toutperformotherschoolsintermsofprofessors’feedback.

问题5选项

A.toomuchpressuremightleadtounsatisfactoryresults.

B.theirownambitionshouldn’tberealizedbytheirchildren.

C.theirchildrenmightpracticejob-hoppingfrequently.

D.theirchildrenmightnotsharesimilarinterestswiththem.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】6.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruegladiators.（在大学入学的战争中，我们父母是真正的角斗士）。C选项“战士”与“角斗士”的意思相近，因此C选项正确。A选项“巨人”，不符合文章内容。B选项“指挥官”，不符合文章内容。选项D“贪吃的人”不符合词义，可排除。因此C选项正确。

7.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段倒数第三句Wesayourmotivesareselflessandsensible.（我们说我们的动机是无私和理智的。）D选项“不同意的”正确，根据下文内容可推测，父母宣称是无私的和明智的是虚假的，因此作者不同意这个观点。A选项“反感的”，可排除。B选项“冷漠的”，作者态度并不是冷漠的，可排除。C选项“矛盾”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

8.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段（我们有一种全面的威望恐慌；我们担心没有足够的奖杯。恐惧的父母催促他们的孩子申请比以往更多的学校。阿默斯特学院招生主任汤姆•帕克（TomParker）说，过去，父母焦虑的中心集中在沿海地区：波士顿、纽约、华盛顿和洛杉矶）。选项C“父母不应该给孩子太多的压力”，文中所说父母催促孩子申请比以往更多的学校，因此可推测，父母给孩子的压力过大，C选项正确。选项A“美国年轻人的选择很少，只能去精英学校”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项B“在美国，精英学校的竞争更加激烈”，不符合文章内容，可排除，选项D“如果不上精英学校，孩子们的未来将是暗淡的”，没有必然的关系。因此C选项正确。

9.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第六段中最后一句Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.（他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多）。D选项“在教授反馈方面，他们的表现并不优于其他学校”，由挣钱这一点反映，他们的表现并不优于其他学校，D选项正确。A选项“重点学校为学生提供更好的教学方法。”文章第五段提到“名校并不比非名校系统地采用更好的教学方法”，因此A选项可排除。B选项“重点学校的考试比其他学校多。”第五段最后一句提到“教授的反馈和论文考试的数量——重点学校的表现略差”，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的新教学方法确保了毕业生的高薪”，文中第六段提到“他们挣的钱和那些地位较高的学校的毕业生一样多”，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者意图题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.（我们强加给孩子们的雄心壮志可能会让一些孩子进入哈佛，但也可能会让他们失望）。由此可知选项A“太多的压力可能会导致不满意的结果”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们自己的抱负不应该由他们的孩子来实现”，文章没有提到父母的抱负让孩子实现，B选项可排除。C选项“他们的孩子可能经常跳槽”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“他们的孩子可能和他们没有共同的兴趣爱好”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Thepresidentialcandidate（）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

问题1选项

A.enforced

B.enriched

C.intensified

D.consolidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enforce“实施，执行，强制”，B项enrich“使充实，使肥沃”，C项intensify“增加，强化”，D项consolidate“巩固，加强”。根据后面的hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections（通过赢得几次初选而获得职位）可知，空格部分表示“巩固”。句意：这位总统候选人通过赢得几次初选巩固了自己的地位。故该题选择D项正确。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.

Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek'ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworrytriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】一个人，为了活的真正开心和踏实，至少要培养两到三项兴趣。而且必须是真正的兴趣。到了晚年才说:“我对这感兴趣，对那也感兴趣”，已经没有什么必要了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人也许在其非工作领域也同样是学富五车，但是，也很难从中得到什么益处或慰藉。

做你喜欢的事一般没有什么用;要学会热爱自己的职业。泛泛讲来，人可以划分为三类:劳累至死的人;忧虑至死的人;厌烦至死的人。让一个体力劳动者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球来放松是毫无意义的，因为一周的辛劳已经令他们精疲力竭了。让那些为大事持续操劳或费心了六天的政界人士、专业人员或商界人士，在周日，继续为鸡毛蒜皮的小事劳神，这也同样也是于事无补的。

14.单选题

He______youunlessyouhadspokenslowly.

问题1选项

A.didn’tunderstand

B.wouldn’tunderstand

C.wouldn’thaveunderstood

D.hadn’t