考研考博-英语-七台河职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-七台河职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ittakesayearfortheearthtomakeeach（）,orrevolution,aroundthesun.

问题1选项

A.tour

B.travel

C.visit

D.trip

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项tour“旅行，旅游”，B项travel“长途旅行”，C项visit“访问，逗留”，D项trip“（尤指短程往返的）旅行，（赛跑等）赛程”。根据关键词earth（地球）和aroundthesun（围绕太阳）可推测，空格处表示“旅程”，而根据语境，四个选项中能够与make搭配的只有trip。句意：地球每绕太阳一周需要一年的时间。因此，该题D项正确。

2.单选题

OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboHingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101°Caccordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

问题1选项

A.surfaceoftheplanet

B.nearlyatthe

C.boHingpoint

D.fromtheorbitingsatellite

E.没有问题

【答案】E

3.单选题

Themostfrustratingperiodsofanydietaretheinevitable_______,whenweightloss_______ifnotstops.

问题1选项

A.moods...accelerates

B.feasts…halts

C.holidays...contracts

D.plateaus...slows

【答案】D

【解析】moods...accelerates情绪加速;feasts...halts宴会停止;holidays...contracts假日收缩;plateaus...slows停滞时期减慢。句意：任何节食计划中最令人沮丧的阶段都是不可避免的停滞期,减肥的速度即使没有停止也会减慢。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（

）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。damage损害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使气馁。

句意：调查发现，80%的观众会被电影中的暴力镜头所触怒。beoffendedby意为“被...触怒”，选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Every___hasbeentakentoevacuatethestrandedsailorsfromHurricaneBetty.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.measure

C.pressure

D.leisure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pleasure“快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事”；B选项measure“测量；措施；程度；尺寸”；C选项pressure“压力；压迫，[物]压强”；D选项leisure“闲暇；空闲；安逸”。句意：已采取一切___疏散贝蒂飓风中搁浅的水手。本句表达“采取措施疏散水手”。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thesoldierwas（）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

问题1选项

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项scolded“责骂；叱骂”，B选项charged“指责；控诉”，C选项accused“控告；指控”，D选项punished“惩罚”；beaccusedof“被指控；被控告犯有……”，其他的选项是没有这个搭配的，因此C选项符合题意。句意为：这名士兵被指控在敌人进攻时逃跑。

7.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"daunting"inthethirdparagraphmeans（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

问题1选项

A.Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment

问题2选项

A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.

C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.

D.Developmentofmodernmeansoftransportation.

问题3选项

A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftime

B.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructed

C.inpre-industrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomen

D.someofthechangesinworkpatternsthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed

问题4选项

A.shocking

B.interesting

C.confusing

D.stimulating

问题5选项

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A项“就业在17和18世纪变得广泛。”，B项“失业仍将是工业化国家的一个主要问题。”，C项“工业时代可能即将结束。”，这三个选项均为文章中所阐述的一个细节，而非主旨；D项“应该做出一些努力、提供一些资源，帮助更多的人处理失业问题”，文章最后一段提到“Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.现在当然是时候把一些努力和资源从为所有人创造就业机会的理想目标上转移到帮助许多没有全职工作的人也能生活的紧急实用任务上来”可推断D项符合题意，故选D。

2.事实细节题。A项“十七和十八世纪的圈地”，文章第四段第一句有提到，B项“工厂的发展”，D项“现代交通工具的发展”，文章第四段第二、三句有提到这两个选项；C项“妇女家务活减少”在原文中没有提及，故选C项。

3.事实细节题。A项“大多数接受调查的人认为，失业问题可能不会在短时间内得到解决”，文章第一段提到“Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.“民意调查现在开始显示，不管是谁，不管从现在开始发生什么，高失业率可能会继续存在。”可推断A项正确。B项“许多农民在修建新铁路和工厂时失去了土地”，文章第四段第一句提到“很多人在17至18世纪的圈地运动时失去土地”，故B不正确；C项“在前工业化时期，家务和社区服务主要由妇女进行”，文章倒数第三段第二句提到“Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.在前工业化时期，男人和女人分担家庭和农村公社的生产工作”可推断“mainlycarriedoutbywomen”与原文不符；D项“工业时代带来的工作模式的一些变化已经逆转”，文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断D项中“havebeenreversed已经被倒过来”不正确，故选A。

4.词汇题。A项“可怕的”；B项“有趣的”；C项“令人困惑的”；D项“刺激的”。文章第三段提到“Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.工业时代现在可能即将结束，它所带来的一些工作模式的变化不得不被倒过来”可推断“Thisseemsadauntingthought.这似乎是一个…想法”daunting为“这种想法是令人害怕或生畏的”最符合题意，故选A。

5.事实细节题。A项“创造为自己工作的条件”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?我们难道不应该创造条件让我们中的很多人为自己工作而不是为雇主吗？”可知A项有被建议。C项“努力恢复以家庭和邻里为生产中心的模式”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?我们难道不应该把家庭、社区、工厂和办公室作为生产和工作的中心来振兴吗？”可知C项有被建议；D项“鼓励人们在正常工作条件以外的情况下工作”，文章第二段提到“Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?我们难道不应该支持很多方式让有自尊心的人去工作吗？”可知D项有被建议；B项“视就业为常态”，文章第二段中“Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?我们应该继续将就业当成惯例？”从作者的语气中可推断“将就业当成常态”没有被建议，故选B。

8.单选题

Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.

问题1选项

A.touch

B.reach

C.relate

D.connect

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。touch“感动”;reach“取得联系，到达”relate“有关联”;connect“连接”句意：她正在试着打电话和他获得联系，因为她有重要的消息告诉他。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.Thiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperience.ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.

SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.

Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.

Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.

WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomen?Marriage.Ason.Twodaughters.Breakfast.Ironing.Lunch.Bowling,maybeagardencluboffortheverydaring,non-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife?”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.

Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.

1.Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical?

3.Whatdoestheword“militant”mean?

4.Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale?

问题1选项

A.TheSecondWaveofFeminist.

B.Women’sIndependentSpirits.

C.TheUnityofWomen.

D.TheActionofUnion.

问题2选项

A.Hesupporteditwholeheartedly.

B.Heopposeditstrongly.

C.Hedisapprovedtosomeextent.

D.Heignoreditcompletely.

问题3选项

A.Aggressive.

B.Ambitions.

C.Progressive.

D.Independent.

问题4选项

A.Womenwereexploitedbythemale.

B.Womenwereindependentofthemale.

C.Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.

D.Themaleweretheircommonenemy.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段举了一个具体的例子，第二段指明SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.（她是我所说的第二次女权主义浪潮的象征。她就是现代女性的代表。），接下来全文围绕女权运动展开论述。因此A选项“第二次女权主义浪潮。”最符合文章主旨。B选项“女性的独立精神”和C选项“女性的团结”只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章主旨，所以B，C错误。D选项“工会的行动”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

2.观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段中Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.（许多女权主义组织的迅速发展证明了这样一个事实，即这些激进的女权主义者已经触动了一些重要的神经。《女士》杂志就在《生活》杂志停刊那年诞生。可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这些活动的目的。性别歧视常常颠倒过来，鼓励憎恨男人。许多人都曾是大男子主义者。），表明了作者对激进分子有点批评、不满的态度。接下来最后一段又说到Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.（因此，不难发现一种温和的趋势。提高觉悟越来越被认为是独立和实现的手段，而不是实现本身的仪式。真正的独立可以通过能力，通过寻找事业，通过教育来实现。），说明了作者的观点：独立是靠踏实工作，提高妇女自身的能力来实现的。因此C选项“在某种程度上不赞成。”最能说明作者对激进分子的态度。A选项“全心全意地支持”，B选项“强烈反对”，D选项“完全忽视”的说法都过于绝对，所以A，B，D错误。

3.词义推测题。由题干关键词“militant”可以定位到文章第四段第三句Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.（在过去的五年里，女权主义的首要方面经常以这种激进的、阶级斗争的调子出现。），说明过去五年的女权运动斗争性很强。因此A选项“好斗的”符合题意。B选项“雄心壮志的”，C选项“进步的”，D选项“独立的”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“radicalfeminist”可以定位到第四段第一、二句Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.（激进的女权主义者在紧密团结中找到了力量。第一次她们认识了自己，她们可以探索自我，意识到她们的力量，把男人及其制度视为她们共同的敌人。），说明激进女权主义者对男性的看法是把他们视作共同的敌人。因此D选项“男性是她们共同的敌人。”正确。A选项“女性被男性剥削”，B选项“女性独立于男性”，C选项“女性的生活被男性剥夺”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。

10.翻译题

要想在这个高速发展的社会立足，你必须学会如何处理压力问题。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如时装或者新车的奢侈品吗？如果你学会了对现有的生活满足，你也许就不会想要再找份工作或者不会在办公室度过周末。其次，定期锻炼身体有益于减压。不管你多忙，都要找时间锻炼，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你应该学会放松。如果你停下去闻闻路边的玫瑰花香，世界不会因此而停止转动。

【答案】Youhavetolearnhowtodealwithstressforpossessingafootholdinasocietywithrapiddevelopment.Firstly,youshouldreadjustdemandforlife.Doyoureallyneedluxurygoodssuchasfashionabledressandnewcar?Ifyoulearntobesatisfiedwithcurrentlife,maybeyoudonotwanttogetanotherjoborspendyourweekendsintheoffice.Next,regularexerciseisbeneficialtorelaxingthepressure.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldtaketimetoexercise,preferablywithyourfamilyandchildren.Thirdly,youshouldlearntorelax.Ifyoustopyoursteptoenjoythesmellofrosesbythesideoftheroad,theworldwon’tstopturning.

11.单选题

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后，这对老夫妇现在仍然哀悼他。

考查动词辨析。cherish珍爱;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，执行；mourn哀悼，忧伤，服丧。根据句意“在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

12.单选题

Wepreferthattheplan（

）beforebeingputintoexecution.

问题1选项

A.befullydiscussed

B.mustbefullydiscussed

C.willbefullydiscussed

D.isfullydiscussed

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。prefer后面接that引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。所以选项A为省略了should的正确答案。

13.单选题

ThispairofbootscostmuchlessthanyoursforIboughtthemwhenthedepartmentstoremadea（

）ofthestoredgoods.

问题1选项

A.clearance

B.reduction

C.fortune

D.deal

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Clearance“清理”；reduction“减少”；fortune“财富，运气”；deal“交易”。句意：我这双靴子没有花你那么多钱，因为我买它的时候商场正好降价销售存货。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

问题1选项

A.Theprevalenceoftele-medicineservicesamongUScompanies

B.Theadvocacyoftele-medicineservicesinUS

C.Theacceptanceoftele-medicineservicesinUS

D.Thedisadvantagesoftele-medicineservicesinUS

问题2选项

A.Theyarelackoftrustintele-medicineservices

B.Theyarenotadeptatinternetcommunication

C.Theyfeelimpolitewithoutshakinghandswithdoctors

D.Theyareafraidofexposureofpersonalinformation

问题3选项

A.Itensurepeoplemoreleisuretime

B.Itdon'thavetopayforthedoctorvisit

C.ltcanprovidemorepersonalenvironment

D.ltdoeslittleinfluenceonworktime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】第1题:对于主旨的把握，可以通过短文首尾来解决。文章一开头说到美国的很多大中型企业为员工提供了远程医疗服务，但采用的很少。结尾处说到对于年轻人来说，远程医疗可能是一个好的选择。可知本文的主要讲述对象就是远程医疗，因此C选项正确。

第2题:文中提到老年人不原因在网上看医生的原因是“olderpeopledon'thavetrustintelemedicineandservices（他们不信任远程医疗服务）”，因此A选项正确。

第3题:远程医疗对年轻人来说是个更好的选择，原因在于“Itcancutdownonthetimeawayfromwork（它可以减少人们离开工作的时间）”，说明对工作时间影响不大。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

问题1选项

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项fillinfor“代替，占据别人位置”；B选项filefor“申请”，主要用于申请事业单位工作；C选项suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出诉讼；D选项applyfor“申请，提出申请”。由关键词“divorce离婚”，可知空格部分意思可能为“提出控告，控诉”，句意为：最后艾米丽提出离婚诉讼，称她的丈夫对她在身体上和心理上实施家庭暴力。选项C与其意思接近。

16.单选题

Oneofthegreatthingsaboutcoveringtechnologyisthatifyouhangaroundlongenough,yougettowritethesamestoriesalloveragain.In1987,whenIfirststartedonthetechbeat,desktopPCswereabigdeal.Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.Watchingthisnewmarketunfoldisabitlikeseeingoneofthosemovieswherethey'vetakenanoldclassicandremadeitwithnewstarsbutthesamescript.

Now,asthen,asmallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone.Now,asthen,theplatformremainssomewhatprimitivebutisevolvingrapidly,Hardwaremakersaretryingtofigureoutwhichuserinterfaceworksbest.Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.Now,asthen,anewecosystemisarising,withdisruptivetechnologycreatingnewpowerhousesandthreateningthesurvivalofmarketleaders.

ThemoststrikingGroundhogDaymomentformeinvolvesApple.Backin1984,AppleleaptwayaheadinthePCmarketwhenitreleasedtheoriginalMacintosh,thefirstpopularcomputertoemployagraphicaluserinterface.IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.Sixyears!Forallthattime,Applehadthemarkettoitself.Nevertheless,Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.

Cuttothemobilephonemarket,today.InJune2007,AppleintroducedtheiPhone,adevicethatwassofarbeyondeverythingelseinthemarketthatevennow,twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.Tobesure,NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.

Thequestionis,willAppledowiththeiPhonewhatitdidwiththeMac?Willitleapouttoatechnologicalleadandthenfindawaytoclutchdefeatfromthejawsofvictory?OrhasApplelearnedfromitspreviousexperienceandfiguredoutawaytoturnitssuperiordesignandwonderfultechnologyintomarketdomination?

ProbablyApple'sbiggestblunderwiththeMacwasrefusingtoletothercompanieslicenseitssoftware.Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.

Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.Butitsdecisionledtogreaterdiversityofmachines,andlowerprices.Formostoftheworld,cheapmachinesthatwere"goodenough"trumpedApple'sprices,perfectionist,andcontrol-freakapproach.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthecoveringtechnologymarket?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoriginalMacintosh（）.

3.Astothemobilephonemarkettoday,（）.

4.AppleCEOSteveJobsholdstheideathat（）.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromMicrosoft'sapproach?

问题1选项

A.DesktopPCsaredominatingthemainstream.

B.Thereexistsintensetechnologicalcompetition.

C.Softwaremakershavereplacedthehardwaremakers.

D.Marketleadersarereluctanttothemarketevolvement.

问题2选项

A.wasintheformofWindows3.0

B.wasareplacementofWindows3.0

C.haslostitspopularitytoWindows

D.isthemostpopularcomputerbynow

问题3选项

A.AppleiPhoneholdsthemostshare

B.iPhone'ssoftwareplatformisobsolete

C.NokiaisexceedingAppleinplatform

D.iPhonestillkeepstheleadinsoftware

问题4选项

A.thereleaseofMacwasatotalfailure

B.softwareandhardwaremustbebound

C.othercompaniescanlicenseitssoftware

D.Microsofthasnoguaranteetocustomers

问题5选项

A.TheWindowsoperatingsystemisfreeforall.

B.Ithasnoconsiderationonuser'sexperience.

C.IthaswonavictoryoverApple'sapproach.

D.Itledtolowerprofitsandfiercecompetition.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“台式电脑占据主流”，文章第一段提到“Todaytheexcitementhasmovedtomobiledevices,alsoknownassmartphones.今天，这种兴奋已经转移到移动设备上，也被称为智能手机。”可推断A不正确；C项“软件制造商已经取代了硬件制造商”文章第二段提到“Softwaremakersaredreamingupnewwaystousemachinesthateventheircreatorscouldnothaveimagined.软件制造商正在想出新的方法来使用机器，即使是他们的创造者也无法想象。”可推断软件制造商并非取代硬件制造商，故C不正确；D项“市场领导者不愿意市场演变”文中并未提及；B项“存在着激烈的技术竞争”，文章第二段中列举的“smallerdeviceisdisplacingabiggerone。更小的设备正在取代更大的设备”及文中提到“苹果电脑的失败”可推断市场存在激烈的技术竞争”，故此处选B项。

2.事实细节题。A项“采用Windows3.0系统”，B项“是Windows3.0的替代品”，文章第三段提到“IttookMicrosoftsixyearstocomeupwithsomethingthatcouldcomparetotheMac,intheformofWindows3.0.微软花了六年时间才研发出与Mac相比Windows3.0系统”可推断先有Mac后有Windows3.0，故A项和B项不正确；D项“是现在最流行的电脑系统”，文章第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占据了全球90%以上的市场份额，而苹果在全球市场的份额不到5%。”可推断Mac并非目前最受欢迎的电脑系统，同时可推断C项“不如Windows系统受欢迎”符合题意，故选C。

3.事实细节题。A项“苹果手机占有最大的份额”，B项“iPhone的软件平台已经过时了”，C项“诺基亚在平台上超过苹果”，D项“iPhone仍然在软件上保持领先”。文章第四段提到“...twoandahalfyearslater,nothingcanbeatit.两年半后，没有其他东西能打败它（即苹果手机）”，“NokiaandResearchinMotionstillholdagreatershareofthesmartphonemarketthanAppledoes,buttheiragingsoftwareplatformslookobsoletenexttoApple's.诺基亚和黑莓手机公司仍比苹果公司拥有更多的智能手机市场份额，尽管它们老化的软件平台看起来比苹果过时。”可推断D项正确，其他三项均不正确，故选D。

4.事实细节题。A项“Mac的发布完全失败了”，在文中并未提及；C项“其他公司可以授权其软件”，这是微软公司的方式；D项“微软对客户没有保证”，文章倒数第二段提到“Inhismind,thisistheonlywaytoguaranteethatyou'llgivecustomersaterrificexperience.在史蒂夫•乔布斯的心中，软件与硬件的结合是保证给消费者极好体验的唯一方法”，并未提及微软，此项是对该句的曲解，故不正确；B项“软件和硬件必须结合在一起”，文章倒数第二段提到“Thethingis,AppleCEOSteveJobsisacontrolfreakwhobelievesinkeepingthesoftwaretightlycoupledtothehardware.…苹果首席执行官史蒂夫•乔布斯是一个控制狂，他认为软件与硬件要紧密结合”可推断B项符合题意，故选B。

5.判断推理题。A项“Windows操作系统是免费的”，文章最后一段提到“Microsofttooktheoppositeapproach,lettinganyPCmakerlicensetheWindowsoperatingsystem.微软采取了相反的方法，即通过许可允许任何PC制造商使用Windows操作系统”中“许可”一般会产生费用，故A不正确；B项“不考虑用户的体验”，文章最后一段提到“There'satradeoffhereMicrosoftcouldn'tcontroltheuser'sexperience.微软无法控制用户的体验，这是一种权衡”，该选项是对本句的曲解，故不正确。D项“导致利润降低和激烈竞争”，其中“lowerprofits”在文中并未提及，故不正确；C项“它（即微软公司通过许可允许其他公司使用自己软件的方法）战胜了苹果公司的方法”文中第三段提到“Windowstookovertheworldandnowholdsmorethan90percentmarketshare,whileApplesqueaksbywithlessthan5percentworldwide.Windows占据了全球90%以上的市场份额，而苹果在全球市场的份额不到5%”可推断C项正确，故选C。

17.单选题

AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswhoallegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhadalreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnotauthorizedforuseinCanada.

Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemaybetoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttoldherhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn’ttellheristhatitisn'tapprovedforuseinCanada.“Ididn'tknowwhatliquidsiliconewasandhejustcalleditliquidgold,Barbieroremembers.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.SheldonPollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.Expertssaysiliconecanmigratethroughthebody,andcauseinflammationanddeformities.

“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns”，Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheading（带头）alawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjectedwiththesamematerial.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstaturewoulduseanunauthorizedproductonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing.”sayslawyerDouglasElliott.

Ontario’sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsisalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollacktoseeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewroteinpatientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inalettertotheCollege,Dr.PollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarviero’scase,“atthetimeofherfirstvisit,priortohereverreceivingIGLStreatment,IspecificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanadabytheHealthProtectionBranchandthatIdidreceivethematerialfromoutsidethecountryIwouldliketoemphasizethat,asisevidentonMs.Barbiero’schart,IdrewaspecificdiagramonthechartwhichIcarefullydiscussedwithandexplainedtoMs.BarbieroasIdidwitheveryotherpatienttoexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequencesofthosepossiblecomplications.”

Dr.PollackdeclinetospeaktoCTVNews,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.Noneoftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecauseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityofgoverningbodiestomonitordoctors.“There’salargemessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,It'sincumbent（负有义务的）onconsumerstodotheirresearch.”

1.DoctorSheldonPollackwaschargedthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheword"dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2)mean?

3.TheinvestigationofOntario'sCollegeofPhysiciansandSu