考研考博-英语-广西中远职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西中远职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

问题1选项

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”，指一般的搬运，多指用人力；B选项fetch“（去）拿来，（去）请来”，指说话人离开说话处，去别处把某人或某物带来；C选项bring“带来，引来”，从别处拿某物到说话人处，由远及近；D选项reach“到达”。根据选项的意思及句意可知选B。句意：当她看到了乌云的时候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨伞。

2.翻译题

直到不久前，韩国以外还很少有人知道“江南”这个位于首尔东南部的一个上流社区，这里的居民数量约占首尔人口总数的5%。然后，朴载相横空出世。更具体地说，应该是这位韩国流行歌手的单曲《江南Style》横空出世。这首歌今年夏季在YouTube上红透半边天。整个互联网到处都是模仿它的视频，从澳大利亚到秘鲁都有以《江南Style》为主题的快闪活动；喝着烧酒签下美国唱片合约，占据美国电视黄金时段；甚至还有人深入分析骑马舞。但对于很多人来说，那个老问题仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么样的？江南区不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小众的精品时装店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街区。在这里你会找到前卫的国际品牌概念商店，还有本土时装大牌。这里的商店都价格不菲，但要像朴载相所说的那样“穿得优雅、舞得奔放”，就得花这个代价。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首尔江南区修道山上，是韩国历史最悠久的寺庙之一。尽管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超过了佛教，但在16世纪中叶，在普雨(Bowoo)大禅师的指导下，奉恩寺作为韩国主要的禅宗佛教中心开始兴旺起来。如果你想获得一些点化，可以参加一个为期两天的住寺活动，主要是一些修身养性的活动，比如斋饭、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

3.单选题

“Twohundredeightmillion,twohundredninemillion,twohundredtenmillion...”ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStatesin1996.Solidwastesarematerialsthatarediscardedorthrownawayafterusebyconsumersandbusinesses.Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.Duringthatyear,Americansthrewaway210milliontons(about43pounds/20kilogramsperpersondaily)ofgarbage.Wethrowaway12.4milliontonsofglassandabout80milliontonsofpaperproducts.Americaalsothrowsawaylargeamounts(intons)offoodscraps,yardwastes,plastics,sludgefromsewagetreatmentplants,andothermaterials.Thatisalmostamountainofgarbage.

Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste,theamountofwastekeepsincreasingeachyear.Ourbiggestproblemiswheretoputthesolidwasteandhowtokeepitfrompollutingourenvironment.Ifsolidwasteisdisposedofincorrectly,itcancontaminateoursurfaceandundergroundwatersupplies.Currently,ourmunicipalwasteorwastecollectedbyourcitiesandtowns,goestolandfills.Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.Thiswastemustbetreatedtokeeprats,fliesandotheranimalsfrombuildingtheirhomeinthelandfills.Thetreatalsopreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandotherorganismthatcarrydiseases.So,howdowehandlethismountainofgarbage?Scientistshavecomeupwithdifferentmethodsforhandlingourwasteproblem.

OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia,in1937.Insanitarylandfill,thesolidwasteisspreadinthinlayersthatcompactedandcoveredwithalayerofearth.Thisisamoreexpensivemethod,butittakesawaythehazardsthatarecausedbylandfills.Italsoallowedthelandtobeusedforbuildingorrecreation.Thenegativeofthelandfillsisthatit’stoughtofindopenlandandthisprocessisveryexpensive.Thelandalsoneedsitswatersourcesprotectedsothatthewaterwillnotpollutethewatersupply.Landfill(waterdumps)andsanitarylandfillsrelyonthenaturalbiodegradabilityofthesolidwastes.Solidwastearebiodegradableiftheycandecayorbreakdownthroughtheactionoflivingorganismsandreturntotheearth.Howevercertainmaterialstakelongertodecaythanothers,andsomematerialsdonotdecayordecomposeatall.Scientistsneedtofindothermethodsofwastedisposal.Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.

1.Thispassageisaboutdisposalproblemofsolidwaste（）.

2.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,about（）isdumpedtolandfills.

4.Theword“recycle”(Line1,Paragraph2)means（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.byconsumers

B.inCalifornia

C.bymunicipalgovernment

D.inAmerica

问题2选项

A.treatmentofthesolidisahardnuttocrack

B.solutionforproperdisposalwillbefoundsoon

C.Californiasetagoodexampleinsolidwastein1930s

D.thegovernmentremainsconfidentaboutthesolidwaste

问题3选项

A.12.4milliontonsofgarbage

B.80milliontonsofgarbage

C.85%ofthegarbage

D.92.4tonsofgarbage

问题4选项

A.tosendsomethingfaraway

B.tothrowsomethingawaytotherightplace

C.toconvertwasteintoreusablematerial

D.toturnintofertilizers

问题5选项

A.Solidwastedoesnotincludefluidmaterials.

B.SanitarylandfillisatypeofwastedisposalmethodonceusedinCalifornia.

C.Burningisnotamethodthatisusedtoday.

D.Compostingisstilloneofthewaystohandlethemountainofgarbage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStates.”可知，本文主要讲的是全美国的固体垃圾处理问题，所以选项D正确。

2.信息归纳题。根据原文可知，尽管我们一直在为处理固体垃圾不断努力，但每年废弃物的数量都在不断增加，由此可知，这是一个棘手的难题，选项A正确；焚烧和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科学家需要找到其他废物处理方法，由此可知这是一个漫长的过程，所以选项B不正确；根据最后一段，加州虽然首次使用了卫生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以选项C不正确；选项D在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段“Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.”大约85%的垃圾进入了垃圾填埋场或垃圾场。选项C符合原文。

4.词义推断题。“recycle”指循环利用。选项C将废物转化为可重复使用的材料，正确。

5.是非判断题。根据第一段“Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段第一句“OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia.”可知选项B正确;根据最后一段最后一句“Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段第一句“Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste”可知选项D正确。所以本题选C。

4.单选题

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

问题1选项

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

问题2选项

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

问题3选项

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

问题4选项

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

问题5选项

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

问题6选项

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

问题7选项

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

问题8选项

A.constrain

B.harness

C.foster

D.extinguish

问题9选项

A.presented

B.conducted

C.portrayed

D.utilized

问题10选项

A.meaning

B.contribution

C.application

D.relevance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。assess“评估”;discern“辨别”;ensure“确保”;anticipate“预期”。句意：我们不能阻止科学和技术改变我们的世界，我们至少可以努力确保这些改变是正确的。选项C符合题意。

（2）逻辑推理。根据文意，在民主社会中，公民需要对科学有一个基本的了解，以便于他们可以自己做出明智的决定。选项B符合题意。

（3）动词词义辨析。clutch“抓住”;leave“留给”;fabricate“编造”;nurture“养育”。句意：人们可以做出明智的决定，而不会把问题都留在专家手中。选项B符合题意。

（4）短语搭配。attitudetowards“对……的态度”，选项D符合题意。

（5）短语搭配。根据文意，人们想要提高生活水平，故“standardofliving”生活水平符合题意。选项A符合题意。

（6）根据文意，人们对科学的不信任，体现在动画中塑造的那些科学家卡通人物，他们在实验室制造科学怪人。选项D符合题意。

（7）名词词义辨析。role“角色，任务”；concept“概念，想法”；element“要素”；index“指数”。句意：这个在支持绿党中发挥着重要作用。选项A符合题意。

（8）动词词义辨析。constrain“强迫”；harness“利用”；foster“培养”；extinguish“熄灭”。句意：为了让公众们做出明智的决定，我们应该怎么做去培养他们的兴趣以及给他们提供科学背景呢？选项C符合题意。

（9）动词词义辨析。present“提出”；conduct“指挥，管理”，portray“描绘”；utilize“利用”。句意：但是在学校，科学往往是以一种枯燥无味的方式描绘出来的。选项C符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。meaning“含义”；contribution“贡献”；application“应用”；relevance“相关性”根据文意，孩子们学习科学只是为了通过考试，不了解科学对他们周围的世界带来的好处。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity“罕见，珍贵”；preliminary“初步行动；准备工作”；inefficiency“效率低；无效率”；invalidity“无效，无价值。”“被暴风雨袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺，因此选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项takeup“占据”；B选项takein“吸收，领会”；C选项takeoff“脱下，起飞”；D选项takeon“承担，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人，从来不拒绝（）他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的，因而答案选D最为合适。

7.单选题

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.beingcreate

B.havingcreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.creating

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项havingbeencreated符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Youmustremembernotto（

）fromthepointwhenyouwriteanessay.

问题1选项

A.goastray

B.wander

C.diverge

D.gooff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。goastray“走入歧途；迷路”；wander“徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge“分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；gooff“离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（闪电）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（树液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

问题1选项

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

问题2选项

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

问题3选项

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

问题4选项

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

问题5选项

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段首句提及“还有什么比夏天下午的闪电更可怕的呢?”接着后面主要描述闪电是如何让人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句说到“难怪古人认为闪电是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人们认为闪电来自于神是由于它让人感到害怕，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.这是如此之快，以至于我们无法看到闪电实际上是从地面飞到云层上的。”由此可知，选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容“闪电有很多缺点。它每年引发数百万起森林火灾，毁坏价值数百万美元的财产。它还是电力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威胁是人类的生命。闪电通过电锤使人的心脏停止跳动或呼吸停止，许多人因此丧命。”由此可知，选项A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有选项D不是文章中的观点，所以本题选D。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容“尽管每秒钟有一百个闪电震动地球，也就是一天八百万次，但是没有人找到使用所有这些电能的方法。”也就是没有有效的办法收集电能，所以选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬间，电流将周围的空气加热到太阳表面温度的五倍。”也就是比太阳表面的温度还要高，所以选项B正确。

10.单选题

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

问题1选项

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Toomuch“太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；muchtoo“太······，非常······”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；somuch“这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mushso这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies—fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn-fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers."

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney."Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia，ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperindescribingSherlockHolmes?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?

3.ConanDoylefelt（）abouthisfirstvisittoLondon.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory"AScandalinBohemia"turnedouttobe（）atlast.

问题1选项

A.Sociable

B.Rational

C.Cunning

D.Intelligent

问题2选项

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

问题3选项

A.awful

B.pleasant

C.memorable

D.horrible

问题4选项

A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

D.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

问题5选项

A.ridiculous

B.powerful

C.successful

D.frustrating

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项不适合描述夏洛克•福尔摩斯？根据原文第一段第二句“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks”可知，福尔摩斯的形象是：有着弯曲烟斗和喜好可卡因的绅士，善于演绎推理和精心伪装的大师，并且在犯罪文学、电影、电视、漫画和漫画书中都留下了印记。由此可知，B、C、D选项均属于对福尔摩斯人物的描述，但原文并未提及他的社交方面，由此可判断B选项错误。故本题正确答案为A选项。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列对柯南道尔和他的家庭描述中哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，柯南道尔出生于爱丁堡一个中产阶级家庭，生活并不轻松，钱总是不够用，还得经常搬家。他的父亲是个公务员兼插画家，还是个酒鬼，不得不送去了收容机构。由此可判断A、C、D选项描述均正确。在原文中并没有过多提到福尔摩斯的母亲，只提到他早期给母亲写过信，因此无从判断他母亲接受教育的情况。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。题干询问：柯南道尔对第一次伦敦之行感到……。根据题干关键信息“hisfirstvisittoLondon”可定位到原文第三段最后一句，作者用到了“unforgettable”来描述，由此可知这段旅行应该是“难忘的”。故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：由文章最后一段可推断得出……。原文最后一段讲述的是柯南道尔经历了种种失败和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判断D选项表述正确。由原文最后一段第二句“ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession…”可知，老茧的位置可以揭示一个人的职业，但并不表示老茧越多，他就越专业，可判断A选项表述错误。原文只是提到柯南道尔的其中一部文学作品是以Bell医生为原型，但无法得出作家经常以个人经历作为写作基础，可排除B选项。C选项“灵感对于个人创作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推断得出，也可排除。故本题正确答案为D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：柯南•道尔的短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》最终被证明是（）。根据题干关键信息定位到原文最后一段最后两句。由原文信息可知，1888年，福尔摩斯在Strand杂志上刊登了短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》，这篇小说的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也因此发生了变化。由此可以判断，柯南道尔的小说最后大获成功。本题正确答案为C选项

12.单选题

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac（囊）,oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛细血管）arebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale（吸入）,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen（氮）.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)Aboutonefifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,

（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

问题1选项

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

问题2选项

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

问题3选项

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

问题4选项

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

问题5选项

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章提到气囊中二氧化碳过多会迫使人进行呼吸，而不是说它们为呼吸产生能力，因此选项A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易从血液中扩散到气囊中”（whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs），由此可知二氧化碳是扩散到气囊而不是到血液中，所有选项B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话的前半部分提到“所以氧气可以很轻易地通过气囊壁从气囊扩散到血液中”（sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood），所以选项C“它们都是很慢地渗透到气囊中”说法错误，排除。因此，选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“当血液被心脏送到肺里的时候，它是从身上其他细胞里流回来的，所以流入气囊壁的血液带有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空气”（Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen），所以这个时候血液里的二氧化碳含量会增加，选项B符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“由胸部的运动而产生的呼吸，促进了废气从气囊中排除，为肺部带来新鲜的空气”（Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair），选项A“帮助肺部的氧气和二氧化碳进行交换”符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第四段提到“空气是气体混合而成,其中氮气含量最高，这种气体我们人体不需要，所以当我们吸气和呼气时这种其他的含量是不会变的”（Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout），选项C“与吸入时一样”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句提到气道和气囊中的水分会一直蒸发直到空气几乎饱和的时候（Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated），选项B“通过水分的蒸发”符合题意。

13.单选题

Thefiremen（

）theabandonedwarehouseforpotentialfirehazards.

问题1选项

A.scanned

B.inspected

C.scrutinized

D.audited

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。scan“浏览，扫视”；inspect“检查，仔细挑剔”；scrutinize“细看，仔细阅读，仔细挑剔地检查”；audit“审计，查账”。句意：消防员检查了废弃仓库是否存在潜在的火灾隐患。B项符合题意。

14.单选题

Julieisoneofthosewomenwhoalways（

）thelatestfashions.

问题1选项

A.lookafter

B.keepupwith

C.runfor

D.getonwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。lookafter意为“照顾”；keepupwith意为“跟上，对……消息灵通，保持接触”；runfor意为“竞选，赶快去请”；getonwith意为“继续（干某事）”。

句意：朱莉是那些总是追求时髦的女性之一。

15.单选题

IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.

Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.

Secretaries,mechanics,andbarberscantakeclassestoimprovetheirworkskills.Nursescantakeclassestoincreasetheirknowledgeofnursing.Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.

Continuingeducationclassesgivesomeadultsthechancetolearnnewskills.Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom,typing,foreigncooking,photography,autorepair,furniture