考研考博-英语-天水师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天水师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

问题1选项

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项chair“椅子；讲座；主席位；大学教授的职位”；B选项pole“杆；极点；电极”；C选项soap“肥皂；将肥皂涂在……上；对……拍马屁”；D选项floor“地板，地面；楼层；基底；议员席”。poleposition指的是方程式赛车中的“竿位”，即决赛中排在第一位出发的选手。“竿位”由决赛前排位赛中成绩最好的车手获得。此外，poleposition还可表示“跑道内圈；有利位置”。句意：这家德国公司在激素研究方面保持着有利地位。因此B选项正确。

2.写作题

Asmostpeoplespendamajorpartoftheiradultlifeatwork,jobsatisfactionisanimportantelementofindividualwell-being.Whatarethefactorsthatcontributetojobsatisfaction?Howrealisticistheexpectationofjobsatisfactionforallworkers.

【答案】略

3.单选题

Weareinthemidstofagreatinvestigationofthoseenvironmentalquestions.WedotheEarthandourselvesthegreatest（

）inimaginingthataddressingthemliesoutsideourlivesandchoices.

问题1选项

A.gratitude

B.benefits

C.disservice

D.favor

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。gratitude“感激”；benefits“利益，好处”；disservice“伤害，帮倒忙”；favor“喜爱，赞赏”。句意：我们正在对那些环境问题展开全面的调查。我们想到地球，确实会发现我们对它和环境带来了巨大的伤害。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Thetemperature（

）greatly;thedayswereveryhotwhilethenightswereverycold.

问题1选项

A.changed

B.altered

C.varied

D.reflected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。change意为“改变，变化”，指完全改变；alter意为“改变”，指部分改变；vary意为“变化”，指多变；reflect意为“反射，反应”。

句意：气温变化很大，白天很热，夜晚很冷。

5.单选题

Sheweptinreliefwhenthetumourturnedouttobebenign.

问题1选项

A.notvicious

B.dangerous

C.unpleasant

D.beneficent

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.notvicious不邪恶的；不危险的B.dangerous危险的

C.unpleasant不愉快的D.beneficent有裨益的；行善的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息Sheweptinrelief（她如释重负地哭了），结合关键词tumour（肿瘤）可推断，benign表示“良性的”，即肿瘤不是危险的，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】当肿瘤被证实为良性时，她如释重负地哭了。

6.单选题

Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemical,reactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels;theyhavehitherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.VehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheEngineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause:（

）.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichoftheFollowingaboutairpollution?

4.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas（

）.

问题1选项

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

问题2选项

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions.

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.

问题3选项

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutionsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

问题4选项

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem

C.Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

问题5选项

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何来减少机动车尾气排放。所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions提到大分子的燃烧有着更复杂的反映，选项B符合题意。

3.题干中出现了airpollution,因此可以将重点放在第一段。第一段主要提及了尽管污染减少，但还是需要有效的方法来改善环境。第一段最后一句话可以推出选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段最后一句Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特点就是会大幅度减少臭氧水平。选项D符合题意。

5.根据文章第四段第二句Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol可知选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

PopularintheUKaretheolderruinsatthecastle’sedge,knownas“theabbey”:Twosmallcells,（）withivy,crumblingandopentothesky.

问题1选项

A.strewn

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.crammed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项strewn“撒满的，散播的”；B选项loaded“载着重物的”；C选项permeated“弥漫的，遍布的”，多指气味弥漫或液体渗透；D选项crammed“挤满的”。句意：在英国很受欢迎的是城堡边缘的古老废墟，被称为“修道院”：两个小隔间，散布着常春藤，摇摇欲坠，朝向天空。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are（）someprivilegesinmanycountries.

问题1选项

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.entitled

D.enabled

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enforce“实施，执行，强制”，B项engage“从事，参与”，C项entitle“给某人权利、资格”，D项enable“使能够，使成为可能”。根据后面的privilege（特权）可知，空格部分应该表示“获得，具有”。句意：老年人，特别是70岁以上的老年人，在许多国家享有某些特权。故该题选择C项正确。

9.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’sclassmate.

B.Thewoman’sboyfriend.

C.Thewoman’sbrother.

D.Thewoman’steacher.

【答案】B

【解析】M:IheardallthetimethatJohnisdatingseveralgirls.

W:Butit’snottrue,hehasexplainedeverythingtome.

M:Doyoureallybelievewhathesaid?

W:Yeah,Ibelieveinourfeelingsforeachother.

Q:WhoisJohn?

【解析】推断题。根据对话推断John是对话中女士的男友。

10.单选题

Mutualrespectforterritorial______isoneofthebasesuponwhichourtwocountriesdeveloprelationships.

问题1选项

A.unity

B.integrity

C.entirely

D.reliability

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。unity“统一”；integrity“完整，正直”;entirely“完全地”；reliability“可靠性”。句意：对领土完整的相互尊重是两国关系发展的基础之一。选项B符合题意。

11.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Ineveryphilosophicalproblem,ourinvestigationstartsfromwhatmaybecalled“data”,（1）

bywhichImeanmattersofcommonknowledge,vague,complex,inexact,ascommonknowledgealwaysis,butyetsomehowcommandingourassentasonthewholeandinsomeinterpretationprettycertainlytrue.Intheeaseofourpresentproblem,thecommonknowledgeinvolvedisofvariouskinds.Thereisfirstouracquaintancewithparticularobjectsofdailylife—furniture,houses,towns,otherpeople,andsoon.Thenthereistheextensionofsuchparticularknowledgetoparticularthingsoutsideourpersonalexperiencethroughhistoryandgeography,newspapers,etc.Andlastly,thereisthesystematizationofallthisknowledgeofparticularsbymeansofphysicalscience,whichderivesimmensepersuasiveforcefromitsastonishingpowerofforetellingthefuture.Wearequitewillingtoadmitthattheremaybeerrorsofdetailinthisknowledge,（2）

butwebelievethemtobediscoverableandcorrigiblebythemethodswhichhavegivenrisetoourbeliefs,andwedonot,aspracticalmen,entertainforamomentthehypothesisthatthewholeedificemaybebuiltoninsecurefoundations.Inthemain,therefore,andwithoutabsolutedogmatismastothisorthatspecialportion,wemayacceptthismassofcommonknowledgeasaffordingdataforourphilosophicalanalysis.

Thefirstthingthatappearswhenwebegintoanalyseourcommonknowledgeisthatsomeofitisderivative,whilesomeisprimitive;（3）

thatistosay,thereissomethatweonlybelievebecauseofsomethingelsefromwhichithasbeeninferredinsomesense,thoughnotnecessarilyinastrictlogicalsense,whileotherpartsarebelievedontheirownaccount,withoutthesupportofanyoutsideevidence.Itisobviousthatthesensesgiveknowledgeofthelatterkind:theimmediatefactsperceivedbysightortouchorhearingdonotneedtobeprovedbyargument,butarecompletelyself-evident.（4）

Psychologists,however,havemadeusawarethatwhatisactuallygiveninsenseismuchlessthanmostpeoplewouldnaturallysuppose,andthatmuchofwhatatfirstsightseemstobegivenisreallyinferred.Thisappliesespeciallyinregardtoourspace-perceptions.Forinstance,weinstinctivelyinferthe“real”sizeandshapeofavisibleobjectfromitsapparentsizeandshape,accordingtoitsdistanceandourpointofview.Whenwehearapersonspeaking,ouractualsensationsusuallymissagreatdealofwhathesaysandwesupplyitsplacebyunconsciousinference;inaforeignlanguage,wherethisprocessismoredifficult,wefindourselvesapparentlygrowndear;requiring,forexample,tobemuchnearerthestageatatheaterthanwouldbenecessaryinourowncountry.Thusthefirststepintheanalysisofdata,namely,thediscoveryofwhatisreallygiveninsense,isfullofdifficulty.Wewill,however,notlingeronthispoint;solongasexistenceisrealized,theexactoutcomedoesnotmakeanyverygreatdifferenceinourmainproblem.

Thenextstepinouranalysismustbetheconsiderationofhowthederivativepartsofourcommonknowledgearise.Herewebecomeinvolvedinasomewhatpuzzlingentanglementoflogicandpsychology.（5）Psychologically,abeliefmaybecalledderivativewheneveritiscausedbyoneormoreotherbeliefs,orbysomefactofsensewhichisnotsimplywhatthebeliefasserts.Derivativebeliefsinthissenseconstantlyarisewithoutanyprocessoflogicalinference,merelybyassociationofideasorsomeequallyextra-logicalprocess.Fromtheexpressionofaman’sfacewejudgeastowhatheisfeeling:wesayweseethatheisangry,wheninfactweonlyseeafrown.Wedonotjudgeastohisstateofmindbyanylogicalprocess:thejudgmentgrowsup,oftenwithoutourbeingabletosaywhatphysicalmarkofemotionweactuallysaw.Insuchacase,theknowledgeisderivativepsychologically;butlogicallyitisinasenseprimitive,sinceitisnottheresultofanylogicaldeduction.Theremayormaynotbeapossibledeductionleadingtothesameresult,butwhetherthereisornot,wecertainlydonotemployit.Ifwecallabelief“logicallyprimitive”whenitisnotactuallyarrivedatbyalogicalinference,theninnumerablebeliefsarelogicallyprimitivewhichpsychologicallyarederivative.

【答案】1.我说的资料是指常识性的东西，它们像常识一样模糊、复杂、不精确，然而就其整体和在某种意义上而言却又值得我们认可为确定无疑的真理。

2.但是，我们相信可以通过曾经使我们产生信念的那些方法来发现并改正它们。而且，作为注重实际的人，我们绝对不能假设整个知识大厦可以建筑在不牢靠的基础上，即使是片刻也不可以。

3.也就是说，我们只相信某些知识，是因为它们在某种意义上是从某种别的知识推论出来的，虽然未必是精确的逻辑推论；而另外那部分知识之所以被相信是由于其自身的原因，无须任何外部证据的支持。

4.不过，心理学家使我们认识到，感觉实际给予的东西比大多数人会自然设想的要少得多；而且，初看似乎是给予了很多东西，实际上多数是推论出来的。这尤其适用于我们的空间知觉。

5.在心理学上，一种信念无论是由另一种或更多的其他信念引起的，还是由某种感觉的事实（这不仅仅是信念所坚称的东西）引导的，都可以被称为派生的。

12.单选题

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

问题2选项

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

问题3选项

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

问题4选项

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

问题5选项

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者认为______。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊区并不是理想环境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能会被郊区所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太拥挤了，无法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.历史上美国人经常搬家

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】原文在第一段描述了一对夫妇搬家，经过多番寻找，最终还是决定留在市区。事实上，还有许多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接着提到了市区重建，以前人们都向郊区迁移，但现在大家厌倦了长时间的通勤，开始怀念城市生活，这也是市区重建的原因。实际上从侧面表明郊区已经无法给人们带来理想的生活环境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊区扩张并不能满足人类创造理想生活和工作环境的需要”，所以A项“搬到郊区并不是理想环境的答案”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B项“城市可能会被郊区所取代”，最后一段提到向郊区迁移的趋势很可能已经达到了顶峰，所以人们可能将返回城市，因此城市不可能会被郊区取代，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“市中心太拥挤了，无法居住”根据第三段第一句“美国城市居民为了寻找新鲜的空气、舒适的空间和隐私，开始大规模迁往郊区”可知，人们迁往郊区的原因是寻找新鲜空气和舒适的空间与隐私，该项属于曲解原文；

D项“历史上美国人经常搬家”并没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空间

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活动的空间

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密闭房间

【答案】B

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“20世纪40年代，美国城市居民开始大规模迁移到郊区，寻找新鲜空气、elbowroom和私人空间”，由此可知，elbowroom应该与新鲜空气、私人空间一样，都是城区没有而郊区所拥有的东西，而elbow本身的含义是“肘部”，综合理解可以推测，elbowroom指的是“能够活动的空间”，所以B项“自由活动的空间”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“私人空间”与原文中的privacy重复，曲解原文；

C项“和平的地方”不是郊区所独有的，也属于曲解原文；

D项“有限的空间”显然不是郊区的特点，所以不符合题干，属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一个陈述是正确的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和穷人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊区的迁移开始减少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未来一定会消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊区一定会取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第一句“但这种向郊区迁移的趋势很可能已经达到了顶峰”可知，搬到郊区的这种迁移活动到达顶峰，也就是说这种活动开始要下降了，B项“向郊区的迁移开始减少”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“城市里只剩下老人和穷人”，根据第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太穷而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和穷人，而该项中的just表述太绝对，属于曲解原文；

C项“市中心在未来一定会消失”根据第二段第四句“乔治亚州旧港口城市萨凡纳的修复，很好地证明了市区不需要消亡”可知，该项属于反向干扰；

D项“郊区一定会取代城市”根据最后一段第一句“但这种向郊区迁移的趋势很可能已经达到了顶峰”和倒数第二句“也许泰勒的决定是一个信号，人们将返回城市，并开始重建它们”可知，该项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.为什么企业纷纷迁往郊区？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因为郊区的环境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因为郊区发展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因为富人都搬到郊区去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因为很多人在城市工作，住在郊区。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段前两句“许多市区仅仅为了商业而存在。白天，房子里挤满了办公的人，到了晚上，里面就空无一人了。”可知，这两句说明人们白天在市区工作，晚上就回到了郊区生活。考虑到这些情况，企业把办公室搬到了郊区，这样就可以在同一个地区生活和工作了。D项“因为很多人在城市工作，住在郊区”就是企业迁移到郊区的原因，符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“因为郊区的环境很宜人”是人们迁往郊区的原因，并不是企业搬到郊区的原因，该项张冠李戴；

B项“因为郊区发展迅速”和C项“因为富人都搬到郊区去了”没有提及，属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世纪40年代，许多城市开始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建设成本继续上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.许多人搬离了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和穷人

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段三四五句“由于大多数搬来的人都是中产阶级，他们带走了城市维持他们曾经居住的社区所需的税收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太穷而不能搬家的人。因此，许多城市开始年久失修。”可知，中产阶级的人们搬到郊区的同时，带走了城市用来维持社区的税收，也就是说没有钱来支撑城市社区的维护，所以城市开始年久失修。所以C项“许多人搬离了城市”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“住房建设成本继续上升”和B项“房屋被放任自流”是人们迁往郊区给城市带来的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，属于出处错位；

D项“城市里只剩下老人和穷人”表述太绝对，该项曲解原文。

13.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Formanyyears,Wisconsinhadoneofthefinestpublic-universitysystemsinthecountry.(46)Itwasbuiltonanidea:thattheuniversity’sinfluenceshouldnotendatthecampus’sborders.Thatprofessors—andthestudentstheytaught—should“searchfortruth”tohelpstatelegislatorswritelaws,aidthecommunitywithtechnicalskills,andgenerallyimprovethequalityoflifeacrossthestate.

ManypeopleattributetheWisconsinIdea,asitisknown,toCharlesVanHise,thepresidentoftheUniversityofWisconsinfrom1903to1918.(47)“IshallneverbecontentuntilthebeneficentinfluenceoftheUniversityreacheseveryfamilyofthestate,”Hisesaidinanaddressin1905.“Ifourbelovedinstitutionreachesthisidealitwillbethefirstperfectstateuniversity.”Hisideawaswrittenintothemissionofthestate’suniversitysystem,andovertimethatsystembecameamodelforwhatpublichighereducationcouldbe.

(48)Butthebackboneoftheideaalmostwentawayin2015,whenGovernorScottWalkerreleasedhisadministration’sbudgetproposalwhichincludedachangetotheuniversity’smission.TheWisconsinIdeawouldbetweaked.The“searchfortruth”wouldbecutinfavorofachargeto“meetthestate’sworkforceneeds.”

TothoseoutsideWisconsin,theproposedchangemighthaveseemedsmall.Afterall,what’ssobadaboutaneducationalsystemthatpropelspeopleintoahigh-techeconomy?(49)ButtomanyWisconsinites,thechangestruckattheheartofthestate’sidentity.Theyarguedthattheidea—withitcoretenetsoftruth,publicservice,and“improvingthehumancondition”—iswhatmakesWisconsin,Wisconsin.

(50)WalkerultimatelyscrappedhisattempttoaltertheWisconsinIdea,claimingthathisadministrationhadn’tmeanttochangeit,thatitwasjusta“draftingerror.”AndsotheWisconsinIdeawaspreserved—atleastinanofficialsense.

Butthoughthewordssurvivedintact,manyWisconsinitesbelievethatintheyearssince,thechangeWalkerhadproposedhastakenplacenevertheless.Andoneofthestate’sinstitutions,theUniversityofWisconsinatStevensPoint,istheepicenterofthatchange.

Inmid-November,theuniversityannounceditsplanstostopofferingsixliberal-artsmajors,includinggeography,geology,French,German,two-andthree-dimensionalart,andhistory.Theplanstunnedobservers,manyofwhomarguedthatatatimewhenNazismisresurgent,societyneedsforpeopletoknowhistory,eveniftheeconomymightnot...

【答案】【参考译文】

46.它建立在这样一个理念之上：大学的影响力不应止于校园边界。教授们和他们教的学生们应该“寻找真相”，帮助州立法人员制定法律，用技术技能帮助社区，并总体上改善整个州的生活质量。

47.希斯在1905年的一次演讲中说：“除非大学的成就能惠及州内的每一个家庭，否则我是永远不会满足的。”

48.但在2015年，当州长斯科特•沃克公布了他的政府的预算提案，其中包括改变大学的使命，这一思想的支柱几乎消失了。

49.但对许多威斯康辛人来说，这一变化是该州身份认同的核心。

50.沃克最终放弃了改变威斯康辛思想的尝试，并声称他的政府没有想要改变它，它只是一个“起草错误”。

14.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是thegrowth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics_____inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.fromwhich

B.ofwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。fromwhich引导定语从句修饰medievalversionofpolitics;evolvefrom“由……进化，从……产生出”，正常语句为thepoliticsofourmodernworldevolvedfromwhich…

16.单选题

Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.

Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmericaownedbyPepsiCo,andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.

Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthatconsumers-especiallyyoungpeopleseeaspartofamodem,innovative（创新的）worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.

Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo（标识