考研考博-英语-四川传媒学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川传媒学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ThistraditionalentertainmentforchildreninAmericahasnever,（

）Iknow,becomepopularinChina.

问题1选项

A.asfaras

B.asmuch

C.totheextentthat

D.solongas

【答案】A

【解析】句意:据我所知，美国小孩的这种传统娱乐方式在中国并不流行。

固定搭配。asfarasIknow据我所知。

2.单选题

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项putoff“推迟；扔掉；阻止”；B选项turnoff“关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向；使失去兴趣”；C选项keepoff“让开；不接近”；D选项writeoff“注销；取消；勾销；报废”。句意：毫无疑问，如果当地政府在绿化环境方面投入更多的资金，洪水本可以被阻断。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Wedon’tbelieveher______aboutthewonderfulthingsthathappenedtoher.

问题1选项

A.miniatures

B.romances

C.consensus

D.chaos

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项miniature“缩图，微型画”，B项romance“传奇，浪漫史，风流韵事，虚构”，C项consensus“一致，舆论，合意”，D项chaos“混沌，混乱”。根据句子意思“关于发生在她身上的奇妙的事情，我们不相信她的……”可知，空格处表示“夸张，虚构”符合语境。句意：我们不相信她对发生在她身上的美妙事情的虚构。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

Gender-basedviolencebothreflectsandreinforcesinequitiesbetweenmenandwomenand（

）thehealth,dignity,securityandautonomyofitsvictims.

问题1选项

A.concedes

B.compromises

C.proliferates

D.augments

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；B选项compromise“连累，使陷入危险；妥协；和解”；C选项proliferate“增殖；扩散”；D选项augment“增加；增大”。句意：基于性别的暴力既反映也加强了男女之间的不平等，也……受害者的健康、尊严、安全和自主权。联系句意可知本题选择B选项。

5.单选题

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（错综复杂的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生联谊会）andsororities（女生联谊会）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.

1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat（）

3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat（）.

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat（）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems（）.

问题1选项

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease

问题2选项

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

问题3选项

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

问题4选项

A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision

问题5选项

A.regretful

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问：作者根据“提前申请”原则申请学校主要是因为什么？根据原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知，我提前申请宾夕法尼亚大学主要是因为有两种强烈的情感驱使我这么做：雄心和恐惧。因此，B项“梦想与恐惧”符合原文表述，故本题正确答案为B选项。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问：从原文可以推断出“提前申请”的主要优势是什么？根据原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知，提前申请政策能大大提高被录取的几率，因此D选项“你更可能被录取”符合原文内容，而其他三项在原文中均未提及，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问：作者在第二段中的情感描述是为了说明什么？首先，作者在第二段第二句讲到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”，说明作者在得知提前申请通过时，他很兴奋也感到释然”，而根据第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知，作者在看到其他同学因为申请其他学校或喜或忧的时候，他并没觉得自己提前申请成功是什么高兴的事，而当他看到班上有很多同学考上了布朗大学时，他又想知道如果自己也报考的话，能不能也考得上。由此可见，他对自己提前申请学校产生了怀疑。所以，综合对比四个选项，只有D选项“他对自己的决定既开心又怀疑”最能概述原文信息，故本题正确答案为D选项。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从文中总结出什么内容？原文首先讲述了作者依据“提前申请”政策选择了宾夕法尼亚大学，但在看到别人还在费尽心思通过学校申请时，他又产生了动摇，而在真正进入学校之后他发现自己不适合这所学校，所以最后又费劲转学。作者通过自己的申请经验得出结论：并不是每个人都适合提前申请学校。作者建议高三学生要思考一下自己想要什么，是不是真正适合提前申请学校，同时也不要轻易被他人的思想左右。因此，A选项“在申请之前，需要充分考虑”最符合原文内容表述；B选项“学生应该避免捷径”表述错误，作者只是希望学生们可以多思考一下以免将来后悔自己的决定，并非不能通过这种方式进入大学；C选项“匆忙做决定无益”不可由文章总结得出，作者只是希望学生能从多方面考量之后再提前申请学校；D选项“作者不应该提前申请学校”与原文内容不符，作者只是没有考虑好自己的意向学校，并非不能申请。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题干询问：从文中我们可以明白，作者似乎是……。A选项regretful表示“遗憾的，后悔的”；B选项optimistic表示“乐观的”；C选项gloomy表示“忧郁的”；D选项sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通过自己提前申请学校后又对学校不满意进而转学的经验指出，大家在提前申请学校时一定要考虑好自己想要什么，不要轻易受别人影响。由此可见，作者对于自己的这次申请经验比较遗憾，因此本题正确答案为A选项。

6.单选题

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

问题1选项

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句句首的It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引导的主语从句采用了虚拟语气，其完整的形式为Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句从句中的should。虚拟语气与不定式同时出现时，在Itisnecessary+that...的结构中，that引导的主语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容词的主语的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D选项正确。

7.翻译题

中国有关管理部门规定，现役运动员在备战北京奥运会期间，不得参加任何形式的社会活动。

“生活质量”这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。

亚运会，是一个在来自亚洲各地的运动员中举办的多项目体育赛事，每4年一届。该运动会受亚洲奥林匹克理事会(OCA)根据国际奥委会(IOC)的监督。

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

一场球赛由两个各出五人的球队组成，篮球运动既可在室内也可在室外的长方形场地上进行。运动员可以通过运球在场地上移动，或者是边跑边传球，把球投进橘黄色的篮筐得分。

【答案】Chineseauthoritieshasbanneditsactiveathletesfromtakingpartinanyformofsocialactivitiesintherun-uptoBeijingOlympics.

Theterm“qualityoflife”ishardtodefine.Itcoversaverywiderangesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,education,materialwealth,leisureandentertainment,andsoon.

TheAsianGamesisamulti-sporteventwhichholdseveryfouryearsamongathletesfromalloverAsia.ThegamesaresupervisedbytheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA)undertheregulationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).

Parents,teachersinschools,fellowworkersandmassmediacommunicatorsareallcapableofstimulatingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytohaveanimpactontheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.

Abasketballgame,whichcanbeholdinanoblongfieldeitherindoororoutdoor,usuallyconsistsoftwoteamsof5playersineach.Whenrunninginthefield,playerscancarryorpasstheball.Whentheballisthrewintotheorangebasket,playerscangetpoints.

8.单选题

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

问题2选项

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

问题3选项

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

问题4选项

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

问题5选项

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲对有权势的女性穿着所出现的挑剔报道。选项A正确。

2.根据一二段的内容可知,选项A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正确,只有选项D错误。

3.根据第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."几乎无一例外地,很少有人去细究男政治家们的服装选择。所以,选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."当媒体强调女性的外貌时,这会在更大范围内使贬低和限制女性的态度持久化。选项C符合原文。

5.根据关键词"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它强调的是她的能力而不是一种娱乐。你理所当然地认为这不再值得评论。选项A符合原文。

9.单选题

Theairportpolicewho（）thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。interrogate“询问”；shroud“遮蔽”；ratify“批准”；muffle“使声音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：机场警察询问了那个女孩，认为她是无辜的，她对毒品一无所知。选项A符合题意。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。

【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.

11.单选题

Manypeople,ifnotmost,____literarytasteasanelegantaccomplishment,byacquiringwhichtheywillcompletethemselves,andmakethemselvesfinallyfitasmembersofacorrectsociety.

问题1选项

A.lookon

B.lookdown

C.lookin

D.lookinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析与上下文语义。A选项lookon“观看；看待”；B选项lookdown“俯视；瞧不起”；C选项lookin“往里看；（~on顺道拜访）”；D选项lookinto“调查；窥视”。句意：许多人，即使不是大多数，____把文学品味作为一种高雅的修养……根据句意，此处表达的是把文学品味看作一种高雅的修养，A选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

12.单选题

Wehadthoughttheexamwouldbedifficult,butit（

）easy.

问题1选项

A.turned

B.came

C.appeared

D.proved

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项turn“转弯；转变”；B选项come“做；假装；来”；C选项appear“出现；显得”；D选项prove“证明；结果表明”。句意：我们原以为考试会很难，但……它很容易。appear后接形容词表示“结果表明……”时应用“appeartobe……”结构。只有prove后面接形容词有此用法且符合语境。因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis____.

问题1选项

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析与上下文语义。A选项luxury“奢侈；奢侈品”；B选项accommodation“住处；膳宿”；C选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣”；D选项refreshment“起提神作用的东西”。句意：在这个贫穷的国家里，生存是最大的事，其他的一切都是奢侈的事情。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

14.单选题

Aremarkmaybecompletely（

）whenitispassedonthroughdifferentmouths.

问题1选项

A.distorted

B.restored

C.recovered

D.misled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distort“歪曲，扭曲”；restore“修复，恢复”；recover“恢复，重新获得”；mislead“误导”。句意：当一种说法被不同人讲述后会完全被扭曲。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Ourassociation,whichhasconsistentlypressedforgreateremploymentopportunitiesforthedisabled,willpublish,（）proposalsinthenearfuture.

问题1选项

A.their

B.our

C.his

D.its

【答案】D

【解析】考查代词的用法。从association后的定语从句可以看出，这里的association是作为一个整体概念出现的，因此谓语用单数形式haspressed，那么后面对应的形容词性物主代词也应该表示单数概念，A选项their“他们的”，B选项our“我们的”是复数概念，排除A，B。association是物不是人，C选项his“他的”用来指人，D选项its“它的”用来指物。因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

WhatdoyouthinkofTom’sproposalthat______putontheplayattonight’sceremony?

问题1选项

A.wewillnot

B.wenot

C.wehadn’t

D.wewouldn’t

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order,command）、三个建议（advise,suggest,propose）、四个要求（demand,require,request,ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项wenot符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Specialsoftwarehasbeenusedtoenablepassengerstocallataxiatalowprice,payment（

）bydirectdebitoftheircreditcards.

问题1选项

A.making

B.ismade

C.beingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句子结构，paymentbydirectdebitoftheircreditcards是独立主格表伴随，由于payment和后面动词make是被动关系，故现在分词被动式beingmade最合适，句意为：专业的软件被用来让乘客能低价叫出租车，费用直接从他们的信用卡中扣除。答案选C。

18.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对”；B选项standinfor“代替”；C选项standupfor“拥护；坚持”；D选项standinwith“与……联合；同……分担”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有显著优势，因为她们需要更少的食物和更少的氧气，而且她们更能_______辐射。根据语境，standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“辐射”比较合理，意指女性更能承受辐射。因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

问题1选项

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项philosophical“哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项literal“文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项invalid“无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。

20.单选题

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofIhevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means（）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause（）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis（）.

问题1选项

A.culturalgroupsthatarcformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

C.thescientificcommunity.

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

问题2选项

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

问题3选项

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

问题4选项

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

问题5选项

A.abookreview,

B.theprefaceofabook.

C.thepostscriptofabook.

D.theconcludingpartofabook.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推断题。根据关键词“scientificsubculture”可定位到第三段的内容“我们试图在这本书中呈现一个准确和最新的有关科学社区和居住在其中的人们的图片。近年来，这一群体中的女性越来越多。女性在科学亚文化中的这种日益增加的作用不是一个独特的事件……”由此可以看出，科学亚文化就是科学社区，所以选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.由于它几乎涉及我们生活的方方面面，受过教育的人至少需要对它的结构和运作有所了解。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;……这本书是为那些对科学了解不多的聪明学生或非专业人士而写的。”选项A是对原文的同义表达，所以正确。

4.判断推理题。选项A“英语是一门具有性别歧视的语言”不正确，性别歧视的语言指的是用男性名词或代词来指代未指明的个体，并不是英语这一门语言；选项B“只有在科学界，女性的作用在迅速增加”表达过于绝对；选项C“女性为消除我们语言的不足做出了重大贡献”不正确，原文说的是越来越多的女性进入了传统上由男子主导的领域并作出了重大贡献，并不是消除语言的不足；选项D“男性名词或代词不能用来指科学家”符合原文，应该尽可能使用复数名词和代词，必要时，他和她交替使用。所以本题选D。

5.判断推理题。A选项abookreview“书评”；B选项theprefaceofabook“前言，序言”；C选项thepostscriptofabook“附录，后记”；D选项theconcludingpartofabook“结尾语”。原文提及这本书是为那些对科学了解不多的聪明学生或非专业人士而写，试图呈现的是一个准确和最新的有关科学社区以及居住在其中的人们的图片，并且努力使这本书既具有知识性又具有娱乐性，这些都是在对这本书的性质和内容进行大致的讲解，一般放在书的前言部分，所以选项B正确。

21.单选题

Sheopenedthepacketandemptiedthe（）intoasaucepan.

问题1选项

A.fullness

B.container

C.refills

D.contents

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fullness“充满，丰富”；B选项container“容器”；C选项refills“再装满”；D选项contents“内容”。根据句意“她打开袋子，把里面的东西倒进了锅里。”只有选项D最符合语境。

22.单选题

Becauseofitsfavorableclimate,itseasyaccesstotheprincipalsilkandteaproducingarea,andits（）tothemaininteriortraderoutes,ShanghaiattractedmoreforeignattentionthananyotherportinChina.

问题1选项

A.distance

B.intheneighborhood

C.proximity

D.intheneighborhoodof

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义短语搭配辨析。A选项distance“距离”；B选项intheneighborhood“在附近”；C选项proximity“接近”；D选项intheneighborhoodof“在……附近”。proximityto邻近某段，为固定搭配。句意：宜人的气候，进入丝绸茶叶的主产地的便利以及……国内主要的商业圈，让上海比中国其他地区更能引起外国的注意。因此C选项正确。

23.单选题

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose（）.

问题1选项

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情”；B选项contamination“污染”；C选项scrutiny“详细审查，细看”；D选项symmetry“对称”。句意：尽管这个模型表面上看起来还不错，但它经不起细看。选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源；出身；开端”；B选项generation“一代；产生”；C选项descent“下降；血统；