考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东莞理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstarted___hewasactuallykilled.

问题1选项

A.beforelong

B.longbefore

C.solong

D.goalong

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.beforelong没过多久B.longbefore很早以前

C.solong这么长时间D.goalong进行；支持；赞同

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】“刺杀计划”（Theplottoassassinate）和空白处后“他真的被杀了”的逻辑可知：刺杀计划在他真正死后之前就开始了。同时，空白处之前的时态为过去完成时，空白处后的时态为过去时。这也说明了两者之间的先后关系。综上所述，B选项longbefore“很早以前”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“之前”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】

A选项beforelong意为“不久以后”；longbefore是“很久以前”。Beforelong用作时间状语，常与将来时、过去时态连用；longbefore体现过去时态，常用于过去时或过去完成时；

C、D选项不符合句子结构，无法与句子结合。

【句意】刺杀马丁•路德•金的计划在实施前酝酿已久。

2.单选题

Wedon't（

）anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinourbudget.

问题1选项

A.foresee

B.fabricate

C.infer

D.inhibit

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项foresee“预见；预知”；B选项fabricate“制造；伪造；装配”；C选项infer“推断；推论”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。句意：只要我们不超出预算，我们就无法……完成这个项目就没有什么困难。完成项目的困难在于预算不够，不超预算则不应有困难，也就是现在“看不到有什么困难”，因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Mycenaestrandsonahillskirtedbytwodeepravines.Thesiteisanaturalstrongpoint,dominatingtheplainofArgos.Itwasfirstoccupiedabout3000B.C.,andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.,twogravecircleshavebeenfound,oneinsidethelaterwallsandcontainingsixshaftgraves,excavatedbySchliemanninthe1870’s,theotherratherearlierindate,outsidethewalls,discoveredin1950.Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt.

ThepowerandwealthofMycenaeincreasedrapidly.TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.From1500B.C.,thekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethewalls,ofwhichthelargest,theso-calledTreasuryofAtreus,isamagnificentarchitecturalachievement.About1450B.C.theAchaeans,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied.SucceedingtoandmadesettlementsontheislandsandinAsiaMinor.ThezenithofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywasintheearlythirteenthcentury;inthisperiodwerebuiltthewalls,someofwhichstillstand,andtheliongate.Byabout1250B.C.,whenthedefenseswererenewedandimproved,thereisevidenceofdestructionoutsidethewalls.Tradedeclined;aperiodofupheavalanddeteriorationhadbegun.TheTrojanWaristhoughttohaveoccurredaboutthistime.ThetraditionaldateforthefallofTroyis1184B.C.,buttheAmericanarchaeologistBlegen,whomadethemostcompleterecentexcavationsandfoundclearevidenceofaprolongedsiege,datethedestructionofTroytoabout1240BC.ItlooksasthoughtheTrojanexpeditionwasthelastunitedeffortoftheAchaeans.

Mycenaewassubjectedtothreesuccessiveattacksinthefollowingyears.Inthefirst,thehousesoutsidethewallsweredestroyed;inthesecond,thecitadelwassacked;inthethird,itwasfinallydestroyedandnotreoccupied.Theothermainlandpalaceswereallsackedaround1200B.C.,presumablybybandsofinvadingDorian.

1.WhenisitbelievedthatthefirstGreekspeakersfirstoccupiedMycenae,andhowlongdidittakebeforetherewasclearevidenceofprosperity?

2.Whomadethemostcompleteexcavationsofthesite,andwhatdidhe/theyfind?

3.WhoweretheAchaeans,andwhatdidtheydointhelasthalfofthe14thcenturyBC.?

4.Accordingtothepassage,didtheMycenaeansengageininternationaltrade?Ifyes,withwhom?

5.Accordingtothepassage,werethepeopleinmainlandGreeceunited,andifso,wherewastheseatofpowerlocated?

问题1选项

A.3000B.C.and500years

B.2000B.C.and400years

C.1184B.C.and300years

D.1240B.C.and600years

问题2选项

A.Schleimann,andhefoundsixgraveshaftscontaininggold.

B.Blegen,andhefoundevidenceofaprolongedsiege.

C.Americanarchaeologists,andtheyfoundthattheheightofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywereintheearlythirteenthcenturyB.C.

D.AteamofGermanarchaeologists,andtheyfoundthatthekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethecitywalls.

问题3选项

A.TheywereDoriansthatinvadedMycenaeandsackedmostofthemainlandpalacesbutnotKnossos.

B.TheyweretheinhabitantsofTroy,andtheywithstoodalongsiegeintheircity,accordingtotheworkofanAmericanarchaeologist.

C.TheyweresettlersinAsiaMinor,andtheyexpandedintotheseatrade.

D.TheywereGreeksintheMycenaeanPeriod,andtheyinvadedCrete,destroyingallthepalacesthereexceptKnossos,whichtheyinhabited.

问题4选项

A.No,theMycenaeansweremainlyengagesintheconquestofstateswithinthePeloponnesusandsurroundingislands.

B.Yes,theywere.TherewasevidenceofinternationaltradesinceamonggravegoodstherewerefoundimportsfrombothCreteandNorthAfrica.

C.No,althoughtherewasagreatdealofgoldfoundintheshaftgravesatMycenaeinthe1870’sandlaterinthe1950’s,therewasnoevidencethatinternationaltradehadoccurred.

D.BothAandC.

问题5选项

A.No,theyweren’t.Greecewasacollectionofkingdomwithvariousadministrativecenters,butitwouldappearthatMycenaewasadominateandperhapsaleadingkingdom.

B.Yes,theywereunitedunderMycenae.

C.Yes,althoughtherewereanumberofadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,MycenaewastheleaderinmainlandGreece.

D.BothBandC.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到“andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.”，讲希腊语的希腊人在公元前2000年来到希腊，在公元前1600年，这一个新辟地兴旺繁荣起来。因此B选项符合时间描述。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第二段提到“…buttheAmericanarchaeologistBlegen,whomadethemostcompleterecentexcavationsandfoundclearevidenceofaprolongedsiege…”，可知是Blegen完成了最完整的、最近的一次考古挖掘，挖掘了长时间围攻的证据。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到文章第二段“About1450B.C.theAchaens,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied”，Achaens就是迈锡尼时代的希腊人，他们在公元前14世纪入侵了克里特岛，毁坏了米诺斯供电，除了他们已经占领的克诺索斯。因此D选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章虽没有直接提及贸易往来，但在第一段最后一句说到“Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt”可知，墓葬中有大量来自克里特岛和埃及的进口物品。因此可推测迈锡尼人与克里特岛和埃及有贸易往来，B选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。第二段中提到“TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.”，可知希腊大陆当时很快形成了统一的文化，且是由各个独立的王国组成。迈锡尼可能是当时居于首位的王国。C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

I'dliketotakethisopportunityto（）myheart-feltgratitudetothehost.

问题1选项

A.increase

B.prolong

C.intensify

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】动词词词义辨析。句意：我想借此机会向东道主表示衷心的感谢。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Animalsthatcouldnot

themselvestothechangedenvironmentperishedandthosethatcouldsurvived.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.adapt

C.modify

D.conform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform“使遵守，使一致”；adapt“适应”；modify“修改”；conform“符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical（）.

问题1选项

A.obligations

B.regulations

C.observations

D.considerations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obligations“义务，债务”；B选项regulations“条例，规程”；C选项observations“观察，观察值”；D选项considerations“考虑，注意事项”。句意：虽然建筑具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实际_____。本句表达的意思是，虽然具有艺术性，但是还是要满足一些重要的实际注意事项。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.

问题1选项

A.dispelled

B.propelled

C.repelled

D.expelled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:保安将两名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驱逐了出去。

考查动词辨析。dispel驱散，消除(尤指感觉或信仰);propel推进，驱使：repel击退，抵制：expel驱逐，开除。根据关键词“大喊大叫的男子”可知D项符合句意。

8.单选题

______thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.

问题1选项

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Presumably大概B.Respectively分别地，各自地

C.Imaginably可想象地D.Plausibly似真地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】由结果状语从句中的wouldbe可知，这里表示推测，所以空格处填入presumably符合语境。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不表示推测，不符合句意。

【句意】大概是恶劣的天气延误了航班，所以他们要等好几个小时才能到达。

9.填空题

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改为bywhich

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句子结尾是修饰means的定语从句，means为事物，引导词用which，结合短语bymeans，确定bywhich正确。

【句意】由于竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要来源，具有竞争力的商业机构受到尊重。竞争不仅本身有好处，它还是一种维护其他美国价值观的方式，如个人自由、机会均等、勤奋工作等。

10.单选题

（

）lightinghasmadeanimportantcontributiontotheculturaldevelopmentofhumanity.

问题1选项

A.synthetic

B.false

C.imitation

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。synthetic意为“人造的；合成的”，强调通过化学作用或化学处理把几种物质复制成与原材料截然不同的新产品；false意为“虚伪的”；imitation意为“仿制品，赝品，模仿”；artificial意为“人工的，人造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西。

句意：人工照明为人类文化发展做出了重要贡献。

11.单选题

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals'seemtobe_______,andtherefore_______externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

问题1选项

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】learned...immuneto学到的不受感染;innate...unaffectedby先天的不受影响;intricate...belongto复杂的属于;specific...confusedwith特定的混淆。句意：某些动物的行为,如交配仪式,似乎是与生俱来的,因此不受外部因素的影响,如气候变化,食物供应,或其他动物相同物种的存在。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

______theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,theelementaryfunctionsoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

问题1选项

A.Whatever

B.Eventhough

C.Inspiteof

D.Regardless

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子逻辑。由题干可知，这里需要的是一个表示转折的连词，A项whatever“无论如何”词性不对；C项inspiteof“尽管，不管”一般是主观上故意去忽视，有时往往是好的条件，因素，或他人的建议，很可能导致不好的结果，和题意不符；D项regardless“不管”必须后面接of才能连接从句；所以选择B项eventhough“即使。句意：历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋，但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。因此，该题正确答案为B。

13.单选题

Competition,manypeoplebelieve,

thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.

问题1选项

A.enforces

B.confirms

C.intensifies

D.strengthens

【答案】D

【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。

14.翻译题

“培根-OfStudy(论读书)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】选自培根《论读书》，王佐良先生译

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

15.单选题

The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

问题1选项

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous极好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：过分强调考试是学校里最糟糕的竞争形式。选项D符合句意。

16.单选题

Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof______andfairnessasareliablefriend.

问题1选项

A.robustness

B.temperament

C.integrity

D.compactness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项robustness“结实，健壮”；B选项temperament“性情，气质”；C选项integrity“诚实，正直”；D选项compactness“紧密，简洁”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此选C。句意：他们一直把正直和公正的人视为可靠的朋友。

17.单选题

Hersmile（）hersecreteventhoughshedidn’tadmitthefact.

问题1选项

A.revealed

B.reversed

C.reviewed

D.responded

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。revealed泄露；reversed使反转，撤销；reviewed评论，检验；responded回答，响应。句意：她的笑容（）了她的秘密，即使她不承认这个事实。因此A选项符合句意。

18.单选题

ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.

Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

问题1选项

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad

问题2选项

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborsformEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

问题3选项

A.settlementsspreadwestward

B.thecoast-to-coastrailroad:avitallink

C.Americanrailroadhistory

D.theimportanceofrailroadsintheAmericaneconomy

问题4选项

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

问题5选项

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到文中第一段最后两句话“Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.（早期的火车都是些不切实际的玩意，在很长一段时间里，铁路公司都遇到了一些机械问题。最严重的问题是建造能承受荷载的轨道，以及开发更安全、更有效的刹车系统。）”，由此可知是火车铁轨质量不好，刹车系统还有待完善。A选项“铁路质量差，刹车系统不可靠”正确；B选项“缺乏对发展的财政支持”；C选项“有限铁路线路”和D选项“缺乏横贯大陆的铁路”文中都没有提到，因此A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文中第三段倒数第二、三句话“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.（1896年，两组人在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。许多游客为了这一盛事来到那里。）”由此可知人们为了看两组工队的相遇来到了施工现场。A选项“导致了西方工业和农业的迅速发展”文中没有提到；B选项“吸引了许多游客到建筑工地”正确；C选项“吸引欧洲的劳动力”和D选项“鼓励人们到全国各地旅游”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。

3.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲述了早期美国铁路遇到的问题，第二段主要讲述了解决这些问题后美国铁路路线变多，第三段主要讲述了美国第一条贯穿大陆的铁路建设，第四段主要讲述该铁路的作用，由此可知本文主要讲述了美国铁路交通的发展。A选项“西方世界殖民扩张”；B选项“海岸到海岸的铁路重要的连接”和D选项“铁路在美国经济中的重要性”都没有C选项“美国的铁路历史”更符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第二句话“In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.（1862年国会授权两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加州往西和加州往东汇合的铁路，以便建成横穿大陆连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。）”和第三段的倒数第三句话“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.（1896年，他们在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。）”，由此可知，该贯穿大陆的铁路从修建到完成共花了7年时间。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段“Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.（这条铁路在鼓励西进运动方面起了非常重要的作用。它还通过运输原材料和将产品迅速分销到遥远的市场，帮助建立了工业和农业。它把城镇和人们联系在一起，帮助统一了美国。）”，由此可推断出该公路是为了在全国各地建立四通八达的铁路网，发展各地经济。A选项“政府支持这样一项任务的可能性”与文章关系不大；B选项“探索犹他州的需要”弱化了该公路的作用；C选项“连接东海岸和西海岸的需要。”正确；D选项“在西部发展铁路工业的需要”文章没有提到，因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Thecomputerdoesn't（）humanthought;itreachesthesameendsbydifferentmeans.

问题1选项

A.flunk

B.renew

C.succumb

D.mimic

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。flunk“失败，放弃，考试不及格”；renew“使更新，使复原，使恢复”；succumb“屈服，屈从，死”；mimic“模仿”。句意：计算机没有模仿人类思维；它依靠不同的方法达到同样的效果。选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

Onenteringtheroom,he（

）hiseyesrounditbutsawnothingstrange.

问题1选项

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项fling“掷，抛”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。选项B，C，D都要投掷的意思，但只有选项D能与后面的round搭配使用，castround意为“寻找”，句意：一进房间，他就环视四周（寻找），但没有发现什么奇怪的东西。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.withwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教学质量应该以学生潜能的开发程度来衡量。横线及其后面部分是修饰degree的定语从句，根据固定搭配tothedegree确定用介词to，D选项towhich符合题意。因此D选项正确。

22.单选题

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

问题1选项

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

问题2选项

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

问题3选项

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

问题4选项

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】75.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半数以上的无父家庭是由离婚、分居、死亡或监禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子现在是由同居的父亲和母亲产生的）可知C选项“在所有无母亲家庭中，只有不到一半是由离婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B选项“近一半的非婚生婴儿现在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（当立法者、政策分析人士和意见领袖讨论家庭变化时，他们通常关注两个问题：非婚生育和无父家庭。在许多情况下，他们讨论这两个问题，仿佛它们是相同的）可知A选项“非婚生育并不是单亲家庭的唯一原因”；结合上文所提到的内容可知D选项“非婚生育和无父家庭是两个独立的问题”符合原文。因此C选项符合题意。

76.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她们还发现长时间工作异常困难，因为她们还要照顾孩子。许多人从缺席的父亲那里得到的子女抚养费非常少，即使是慷慨的子女抚养费也比收入相同的常住父亲通常提供的钱要少。虽然单身母亲有资格获得各种形式的公共援助，但立法者和选民都不想让这种援助慷慨，以免慷慨会鼓励更多的女性独自抚养孩子）有涉及到B选项“低收入母亲”，C选项“缺乏政府的帮助”以及D选项“缺乏来自孩子父亲的支持”，但是结合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，单亲母亲家庭的蔓延对美国贫困的持续存在起到了重要作用）可以推断出贫困才是导致这些问题的回答，A选项“贫困”包括了B，C，D选项在内。因此A选项正确。

77.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（离婚后再婚的母亲在经济上与孩子生父保持婚姻关系的母亲差不多）可知A选项“离婚后再婚的母亲”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（与男友同居的未婚母亲的家庭收入也明显高于独自生活的母亲……）可知C选项“与男朋友同居的未婚母亲”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，当未婚母亲与父母或其他亲戚住在一起时……）可知D选项“和父母住在一起的未婚妈妈”有提及；B选项“与孩子的生父保持婚姻关系的母亲”原文未涉及。因此B选项符合题意。

78.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段划线句子处In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，当林登•约翰逊宣布向贫困宣战时，只有30%的有孩子的贫困家庭由单身母亲抚养。自20世纪70年代末以来，这个数字一直在60%左右）可知选C选项“20世纪70年代末以来，贫困单亲家庭的比例翻了一番”；A选项“现在越来越多的贫困家庭的孩子生活在单亲家庭”，B选项“有孩子的贫困家庭一半以上是单亲家庭”以及D选项“离婚率自1964年以来翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

23.单选题

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasone