考研考博-英语-广东建设职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东建设职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

I（）thissoup,I（）pepperinit.

问题1选项

A.amtasting...amtasting

B.amtasting...taste

C.taste...amtasting

D.taste...havetasted

【答案】B

【解析】第一个taste是动态动词,表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词,用原型。

2.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说，友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中，友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中，友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

3.单选题

Myclassmatesstoodtherelookinguneasilyatme,puzzlingwhyIhadn’tgotannoyedthistimewhenIcouldn’tgetmyown（）.

问题1选项

A.way

B.wish

C.will

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项way“方法；道路；方向；行业；习惯”；B选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福；想要的东西，希望的事；请求，要求”；C选项will“意志，决心；心愿；遗嘱；意旨；愿意；想要；决心要；用意志力使；遗赠”；D选项desire“（n.）欲望；要求，心愿（v.）想要；要求；希望得到……；渴望”。根据固定搭配getone’sownway“随心所欲，想怎样就怎样”可知该题选way。句意：我同学站在那儿，不安地看着我，似乎在疑惑为什么我这次没有因为没有用自己的方式处理问题而焦虑。因此A选项正确。

4.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

随着年岁的增长，精力日减，效率渐低，作风渐延：激情有失，理智有增。看来，这样的互易不可能总是得失相当的。但是，一定的年龄总有一定的长处。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度过了部分盛年，在未来的经历中，依然会有另一种盛年期的出现。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才达到顶峰。

原始人一旦由于周围的许多令人愉快的情景而第一次开口大笑了，又由于笑对周围所产生的那些明显的愉快的效果，笑就开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃、古板的同事更能享受到社会的优惠，从而使自己处于有利的地位。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。

当今的世界，即非丝绸之路的吋代，亦非马可波罗(MarcoPolo)吋代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时。从中国区地球另一端的美国，也能在日历的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明的共同成果。

【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.

Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.

TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.

5.单选题

Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.

Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.

Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.

Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.

Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.

Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.

1.Accordingtothewriter,anattributeofthethirdageofbrandingisthat（

）.

2.Thewritermentionsmanufacturersofbreakfastcerealstoillustratehow

（

）.

3.Thewriterarguethatthestretchfromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsislikelytobesuccessfulbecause

（

）.

4.Thewriterarguesthatthestretchformsoftdrinksintoclothing（

）.

问题1选项

A.competingproductsmayservetheirpurposeequallywell

B.therangeofproductsavailableistoolargeforalltosurvive

C.consumersarebecomingconfusedabouttheproductsavailable

D.pricehasbecomeakeyfactorinconsumers'choiceofproducts

问题2选项

A.competitioncanhaveanimpactonaproduct

B.abrandcanloseitspopularitydespiteastrongmarketfortheproduct

C.advertisingcanaffectsalesofaproduct

D.changesinthepopularityofproductscancausedifficulties

问题3选项

A.existingcustomershavedemandedthenewproducts

B.theywillbesoldinthesameoutlets

C.thenewlineswillexpandthemanufacturer’smarket

D.thereisaconnectioninthewaythatthegoodscanbeused

问题4选项

A.wasagamblewhichsucceeded

B.builtonthepopularityofcertaintypeofclothing

C.showedthevalueofcarefulplanning

D.createdproductionproblemsforthemanufacturer

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.（现在，我们已经进入了品牌化的第三阶段，在这一阶段，许多公司以大致相同的价格生产大致相同的产品，而功能很少作为一个差异点成功）可知A选项“竞争产品可能提供相同的功能”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.（以产品为基础的品牌的一个缺点是，如果产品过时了，品牌也会随之改变。这是早餐谷类食品制造商的一个严重担忧，他们正努力应对以其名字命名的产品需求疲软）可知D选项“产品受欢迎程度的变化可能会造成困难”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.（从这个角度来看，决定从运动鞋转向消费电子产品是有道理的。该系列中的大多数产品，如徒步旅行者使用的对讲机，虽然可能会被当成是时尚配饰，但同样也是运动类产品，并且运动鞋的消费者可能会抢购这类产品）可知D选项“在产品使用方面存在联系”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.（也许这正好表明了一个富有灵感的行为——或者按大家说的是一个仓促的决定——有时可能也会一把赌赢，最后使得制造商轻而易举地赚大钱）可知A选项“是一场成功的赌博”符合题意。

6.单选题

Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（

）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immoral

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项immoral“不道德的”。

句意：她没有公开抨击这个计划，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

（

）boththelargestandnorthernmoststateintheUnitedStates,Alaskahasthe

smallestpopulation.

问题1选项

A.Despitebeing

B.Despiteitis

C.Despitethat

D.Inspitebeing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然阿拉斯加州是美国最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口却是最少的。

语法题。考查现在分词引导状语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,空格处表示让步“尽管”,句子后半句为主句,所以前半句为be动词的现在分词形式引导的让步状语从句。故选A。

8.单选题

Theprofessionfellinto_______,withsomephysicistsstickingtoexistingtheories,whileotherscameupwiththebig-bangtheory.

问题1选项

A.harmony

B.turmoil

C.distortion

D.accord

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项harmony“融洽；和谐；和声”；B选项turmoil“混乱，骚乱”；C选项distortion“曲解；变形，失真”；D选项accord“协议”。句意：这个行业进入_______，一些物理学家坚持现有的理论，而另一些人提出了大爆炸理论。根据语境，大家的观点不一致，turmoil“混乱，骚乱”比较能够形容这个情况，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Theyarenolongeronspeakingtermsbecauseshe（）hisconfidence.

问题1选项

A.exposed

B.destroyed

C.proved

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

问题1选项

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。

11.填空题

I’llbe（1）ifMartinandSilviagetmarried.Theyseemtoquarrelallthetime.Ihavetroublebelievingthatanyunionoftheirswould（2）.

【答案】surprised;survive

【解析】1.语义题。句意：如果马丁和希维亚结婚了，我会感到惊讶。

2.语义题。句意:他们好像一直在吵架。我不大相信他们这样的结合会持续长久。他们一直在吵架,我觉得可能很难维系下来,所以填survive。

12.写作题

“Financialgainshouldbethemostimportantfactorinchoosingacareer.”

Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourviewswithreasonsand/orexamplesfromownexperience,observations,orreading.

【答案】FinancialGainShouldNotBetheMostImportantFactorinChoosingaCareer13.单选题

Atradegroupforliquorretailersputoutapressreleasewithanalarmingheadline:“MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals.”

Theannouncement,fromtheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericareceivedwidemediaattention.OnNBC’sTodayShow,LeaThompsonsaid,“Accordingtoanewonlinesurvey,onein10teenagershaveanunderagefriendwhohasorderedbeer,wineorliquorovertheinternet.Morethanathirdthinktheycaneasilydoitandnearlyhalfthinktheywon’tgetcaught.”Severalnewspapersmentionedthestudy,includingUSATodayandtheRecordofNewJersey.ThenewsevenmadeAustralia’sGoldCoastBulletin.

Aremillionsofkidsreallybuyingboozeonline?Toarriveatthatjarringheadline,thegroupusedsomequestionablelogictopumpupresultsfromasurveythatwasalreadytiltedinfavoroffindingalargenumberofonlinebuyer.

Forstarters,considerthesource.Thetradegroupthatcommissionedthesurveyhaslongfoughteffortstoexpandonlinesalesofalcohol;itsmembersarelocaldistributorswhocompetewithonlineliquorsellers.Someofthenewscoveragepointedoutthatconflictofinterest,thoughreportsdidn’tdelvemoredeeplyintohowthenumberswerecomputed.

TheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericahiredTeenageResearchUnlimited,aresearchcompany,todesignthestudy.TeenageResearch,inturn,hiredSanDiegopollingfirmLuthResearchtoputthequestionsto1,001peoplebetweentheagesof14and20inanonlinesurvey.Luthgetspeopletoparticipateinitssurveysinpartbyadvertisingthemonlineandofferingsmallcashawards—typicallylessthan$5forshortsurveys.

Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare.(Also,peoplewhoactuallytakethetimetocompletesuchsurveysmaybemorelikelytobeactive,orheavyinternetusers.)It’ssafetosaythatkidswhousetheinternetregularlyaremorelikelytoshoponlinethanthosewhodon’t.TeenageResearchUnlimitedtoldmeitweightedthesurveyresultstoadjustforage,sex,ethnicityandgeographyofrespondents,buthadnowaytoadjustfordegreeofinternetusage.

Regardless,thesurveyfoundthat,afterweighting,just2.1pointsofthe1,001respondentsboughtalcoholonline—comparedwith56pointswhohadconsumedalcohol.MakingthequestionableassumptionthattheirsamplewasrepresentativeofallAmericansaged14to20withaccesstotheinternet—andnotjustthosewiththetimeandinclinationtoparticipateinonlinesurveys—theresearchersconcludedthat551,000werebuyingalcoholonline.

Butthatfallsfarshortofthereported“millionsofkids”.Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers’groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline.Some12pointssaidtheydid.Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap.Considerahighschoolof1,000students,with20whohaveboughtboozeonlineand100whoknowaboutthepurchases.If100oftheschool’sstudentsaresurveyedatrandom,you’dexpecttofindtwowhohaveboughtand10whoknowsomeonewhohas—butthatstillrepresentsonlytwobuyers,not10.（Nottomentionthefactthatthinkingyouknowsomeonewhohasorderedbeeronlineisquitedifferentfromorderingasixpackyourself.）

KarenGravoisElliott,aspokeswomanforthewholesalers’group,toldme,“Thenumbersarereal,”butreferredquestionsaboutmethodologytoTeenageResearch.WhenIaskedheraboutthepotentialproblemsofconductingthesurveyonline,shesaidthemediumwasastrengthofthesurvey:“Wespecificallywantedtolookattheteenageonlinepopulation.”

NahmeChokeir,avicepresidentofclientserviceforSanDiego-basedLuthResearchInc.,toldmethatsomeofhisonlinepanelcomesfromwordofmouth,whichwouldn’tnecessarilyskewtowardheavyinternetusers.Headdedthatsomeclientsdesignsurveystoscreenrespondentsbyonlineusage,thoughTeenageResearchdidn’t.

IaskedMichaelWood,avicepresidentatTeenageResearchwhoworkedonthesurvey,whetheronecouldsay,astheliquortradegroupdid,thatmillionsofteenagershadboughtalcoholonline.“Youcan’t,”hereplied,adding,“Thisistheirpressrelease.”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemessagethatthispassageistryingtoconvey?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatiswrongwiththereportaboutkidsbuyingalcohol?

3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“extrapolate”inparagraph8?

4.Bysaying“Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers'groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcoholonline”,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobethesourceforproblemsinthissurvey?

问题1选项

A.Theseveresocialconsequencesofkidsbuyingalcoholonline.

B.ThehiddendrawbackoftheAmericaneducationalsystem.

C.Theinfluenceofwidecoverageofnewsmedia.

D.Theproblemsinstatisticmethodologyinsocialsurvey.

问题2选项

A.Itisunethicaltooffercashawardstosubjectsofsurvey.

B.Thenumbersinthisreportwerefalsified.

C.Thesamplesandstatisticmethodswerenotusedlogically.

D.Thestudydesignersandsurveyconductorswerebribed.

问题3选项

A.Conduct.

B.Infer.

C.Deduct.

D.Whittle.

问题4选项

A.itisabsurdtoconductasurveyamongteenagers

B.thewaysthewholesalers'groupconductedsurveysarestatisticallyquestionable

C.thiskindsofsurveyispreliminary,thereforeundependable

D.teenagersmightnotbehonestsincebuyingalcoholonlineisanindecentbehavior

问题5选项

A.Thissurveyistiltedinfavoroflocalalcoholdistributors,whohaveaconflictofinterestwithonlinesellers.

B.Thedatacollectionandanalysisarenotscientificandlogical.

C.SubjectsarenotsampledinarightwayandcannotrepresentthewholeAmericanteenagepopulation.

D.Thesurveyresultsareaffectedbygiftstosubjects,whichcanbemisleading.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章讲述了一家酒类零售商商会发布的一则新闻标题MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurveyReveals（兰德梅克调查发现，数百万的未成年人在网上买酒），指出该调查在统计方法上存在的一些问题，所以选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章第六段提到参加网上调查的人是网络用户，但是并不是所有的青少年都是这样（Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare）。此外，批发商商会询问被调查者们是否有熟人在网上购买过酒，大概百分之十二的人回答有。从这种统计数据中做出推论是很荒谬的，因为一位购买者能被很多人认识，而统计数字是不能重复计算的，因此存在抽样和统计方法方面的问题。选项C符合题意。

第3题:extrapolate这个单词出现在文章第八段Ofcourse,it’sridiculoustoextrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymanypeople,andit’simpossibletomeasureoverlap，从第2题的分析中可以得出extrapolate是“推论，推断”的意思，四个选项中，选项B符合题意。conduct意为“引导，管理”；deduct意为“扣除，演绎”；whittle意为“削减，损害”。

第4题:文章提到假设受调查者代表了年龄在14到20岁使用网络的所有美国青少年——而不仅仅是因为有时间和兴趣参加网上调查的那些人，调查者得出结论有超过五十五万人在网上买酒。但是这个数字与报道中“数百万的未成年人”还是有很大差距的。为了证实那个标题，批发商商会又将注意力集中在调查的另一部分。也就是说作者对于这个调查结果是持怀疑态度的。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章提到委托该项调查的商会一直反对扩大酒类的网上售卖，商会的成员是与网上酒类销售者竞争的批发商，一些新闻报道指出了这二者间的矛盾，所以选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Whenaspaceshuttlehasaccomplishedits（

）,itcanbereadyforanothertripinabouttwoweeks.

问题1选项

A.venture

B.mission

C.commission

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。venture“冒险旅行”，mission“使命，任务”；commission“委员会，佣金”；responsibility“责任”。句意：当航天飞机完成了它的任务，它可以在大约两周后准备另一次飞行。因此选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Memberstateshadtheopinionto（）fromthisagreementswithoneyear'snotice.

问题1选项

A.deny

B.object

C.suspect

D.withdraw

【答案】D

【解析】句意:成员国有权在一年的观察期内退出该协议。

考查动词辨析。deny否定；object反对;suspect猜疑;withdraw撤回，不再给予，取钱。因此D符合句意。

16.单选题

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（）afterthefloodin1991.

问题1选项

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考