考研考博-英语-成都工贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都工贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theswimmingpoolisthechildren’sfavorite（

）inthesummer.

问题1选项

A.cradle

B.haunt

C.heading

D.hedge

【答案】B

【解析】cradle摇篮,发源地；haunt常去的地方；heading标题；hedge树篱,障碍。句意:游泳池是孩子们夏天最爱去的地方。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Itgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis（

）toteacher-training.

问题1选项

A.invariably

B.indispensable

C.indisposed

D.inviolate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invariably“总是，不变地”;indispensable“不可缺少的”；indisposed“不舒服的”；inviolate“无污点的”。前半句提到“由于老师与学生共事”，因此“心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的”，选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

（

）1980thatVoyagertransmittedphotographsofSaturntoearth.

问题1选项

A.Whenitwas

B.During

C.Itwasin

D.Thatwasin

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据题目中的that和句子结构，可判断本句为强调句，强调句句型为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who……，句意：正是在1980年，“旅行者”号向地球传送了土星的照片。因此选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

AmericanandChineseculturesare（1）insomeways.AnAmericanhostess,（2）forherculinary(烹调)skill,islikelytosay,“Oh,I’msogladyoulikedit.Icookeditespeciallyforyou.”NotsoaChinesehostess,whowillinstead（3）forgivingyounothingevenslightly（4）andfornotshowingyouenoughhonor（5）providingproperdishes.

Thesamerulesholdtrue（6）children.Americanparentsspeakproudlyoftheirchildren’sachievements,tellinghowJohnnymadetheschoolteamorJanemadethehonorroll.NotsoChineseparents,whosechildren,evenifatthetopoftheirschool,arealwaysso“naughty”,neverstudying,neverlisteningtotheirelders,andsoforth.

TheChinesetakepridein“modesty”;Americans（7）“straightforwardness”.ThismodestyhasleftmanyaChinesehungryatanAmericantable,forChinesepoliteness（8）threerefusalsbeforeoneacceptsanoffer,andAmericanhoststakea“no”tomean“non”,whetherit’sthefirst,second,orthirdtime.

Recently,amemberofadelegationsenttoChinabyalargeAmericancorporation,complainedtomeabouthowtheChinesehadaskedthemthreetimesiftheywouldbewillingtochangesomeproposal,andeachtimetheAmericanshadsaid“no”clearlyand（9）.MyfriendwasangrythattheChinesehadnottakenhiswordthefirsttime.Irecognizedtheproblemimmediatelyand（10）whytheAmericanshadnotstudieduponculturaldifferencebeforecomingtoChina.Itwouldhavesavedeveryonealotofperplexityandneedlessfrustrationintheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.similar

B.familiar

C.opposite

D.adverse

问题2选项

A.complimented

B.compiled

C.complemented

D.commented

问题3选项

A.praise

B.apologize

C.bedisappointed

D.besatisfied

问题4选项

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.suitable

D.edible

问题5选项

A.for

B.on

C.by

D.in

问题6选项

A.regardfor

B.regardas

C.regardlessof

D.withregardto

问题7选项

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.on

问题8选项

A.callson

B.callsfor

C.callsup

D.callsin

问题9选项

A.ambiguously

B.roughly

C.definitely

D.arbitrarily

问题10选项

A.believed

B.knew

C.cautioned

D.wondered

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar“相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。

3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项bedisappointed“失望”；D选项besatisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题意。

4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。

5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在……上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在……里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。

6.考查词组辨析。A选项regardfor“对……的注意”；B选项regardas“把……认作”；C选项regardlessof“不顾”；D选项withregardto“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。

7.考查介词辨析。takepridein“以……为傲”。此处对应了前文的takepridein，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。

8.考查词组辨析。A选项callson“访问”；B选项callsfor“要求”；C选项callsup“召集”；D选项callsin“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。

9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。

5.填空题

Thefirequicklyspreadthroughthehotel,butfortunatelytherewereonlya

（1）guestsandtheyallmanagedto（2）.

【答案】1.few

2.escape

【解析】1.语义题。afew后面接可数名词，表示“少量，几个”

2.语义题。句意:他们都成功逃脱了。

6.单选题

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

问题1选项

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析题。要注意区分四个选项名词的不同意思。根据句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育儿袋是用来保护幼崽，使它们不需要离开这里也能够获得母亲的乳汁的。’和常识可知空格处表示“育儿袋”。A选项parch意为“眼罩，斑点”；B选项porch意为“门廊，走廊”；C选项paunch意为“腹，大肚子”；D选项pouch意为“小袋，育儿袋”。D选项正确。

7.单选题

Thestrategyhasbeentoabolishnationalprotectionisminthesalesofterminalequipment,to（）onesetoftechnicalstandardsthroughouttheEC,andtoopenpublicpurchasingofequipmenttopan-Europeantender.

问题1选项

A.layout

B.laydown

C.layoff

D.layup

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。layout“展示，安排”；laydown“制定，放下”；layoff“解雇，休息，停止工作；layup“储存”。句意：该战略一直是废除终端设备销售方面的国家保护主义，制定一套贯穿欧共体的技术标准，并向泛欧洲地区公开采购设备。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

ForyearsscholarshavecontrastedslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazil,stimulatedbythefactthatracialpatternsassumedsuchdifferentaspectsinthetwocountriesafteremancipation.BrazilneverdevelopedasystemofrigidsegregationofthesortthatreplacedslaveryintheUnitedStates,anditsracialsystemwasfluid(asituationthatisfluidislikelytochange)becauseitsdefinitionofracewasbasedasmuchoncharacteristicssuchaseconomicstatusasonskincolor.Untilrecently,themostpersuasiveexplanationforthesedifferenceswasthatPortugueseinstitutionsespeciallytheRomanCatholicchurchandRomancivillaw,promotedrecognitionoftheslave’shumanity.TheEnglishcolonists,ontheotherhand,constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth(wholecloth:purefabricationusuallyusedinthephraseoutofwholecloth).ThereweresimplynoprecedentsinEnglishcommonlaw,andseparationofchurchandstatebarredProtestantclergyfromtherolethatpriestsassumedinBrazil.

Buttheassumptionthatinstitutionsalonecouldsopowerfullyaffectthehistoryoftworawandmalleablefrontier(anewfieldforexploitativeordevelopmentalactivity)countriesseems,onreexamination,untenable.Recentstudiesfocusinsteadonaparticularsetofcontrastingeconomiccircumstancesanddemographicprofilesatsignificantperiodsinthehistoriesofthetwocountries.Personsofmixedracequicklyappearedinbothcountries.IntheUnitedStatestheywereconsideredtobeBlack,asocialdefinitionthatwasfeasiblebecausetheywereintheminority.InBrazil,itwasnotfeasible.Thoughintermarriagewasillegalinbothcountries,thelawswereunenforceableinBrazilsinceWhitesformedasmallminorityinanoverwhelminglyBlackpopulation.ManumissionforpersonsofmixedracewasalsoeasierinBrazil,particularlyinthenineteenthcenturywhenintheUnitedStatesitwashedgedaboutwithdifficulties.Furthermore,ashortageofskilledworkersinBrazilprovidedpersonsofmixedracewiththeopportunitytolearncraftsandtrades,evenbeforegeneralemancipation,whereasintheUnitedStatesentryintotheseoccupationswasblockedbyWhitessufficientlynumeroustofilltheposts.TheconsequencewasthedevelopmentinBrazilofalargeclassofpersonsofmixedrace,proficientinskilledtradesandcrafts,whostoodwaitingasacommunityforfreedslavestojoin.

ThereshouldbenoillusionthatBraziliansocietyafteremancipationwascolor-blind.Rather,thelargepopulationofpersonsofmixedraceproducedaracialsystemthatincludedathirdstatus,abridgebetweentheBlackcasteandtheWhite,whichcouldbetraversedbymeansofeconomicorintellectualachievement,marriage,orracialheritage.ThestrictandsharplinebetweentheracessocharacteristicoftheUnitedStatesintheyearsimmediatelyafteremancipationwassimplyabsent.WiththepossibleexceptionofNewOrleans,nospecial“place”developedintheUnitedStatesforpersonsofmixedrace.

Sadtosay,everypressureofsocietyworkedtopreventtheirattaininganythingapproximatingtheeconomicandsocialpositionavailabletotheircounterpartsinBrazil.

21.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

22.Accordingtothepassage,earlyscholarsexplainedthedifferencesbetweentheracialsystemsthatdevelopedintheUnitedStatesandinBrazilastheresultofwhichofthefollowingfactors?

23.Inthecontextinwhichitisfound,thephrase“constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth”(Paragraph1,Line8)impliesthatthesystemofslaveryestablishedbytheEnglishsettlerswas（）.

24.TheauthorimpliesthattheexplanationproposedbyearlyscholarsforthedifferencesbetweenthesystemsofslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazils（）.

25.Theauthormentionsintermarriage,manumission,andtheshortageofskilledworkersinBrazilprimarilyinordertoestablishwhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.contrastingthesystemsofslaverythatwereestablishedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

B.criticizingtheargumentsofthosescholarswhoconsideredreligionandlawtobethedeterminantsofthesystemsofslaveryinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

C.describingthefactorscurrentlythoughttoberesponsibleforthedifferencesintheracialpatternsthatevolvedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

D.advocatingfurtherstudyofthedifferencesbetweentheracialsystemsthatdevelopedinBrazilandintheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.Institutional.

B.Demographic.

C.Economic.

D.Geographical.

问题3选项

A.basedonfabricationsandlies

B.tailoredtothesettlers’particularcircumstances

C.intendedtoservetheneedsofafrontiereconomy

D.developedwithoutdirectinfluencefromthesettlers,religionorlegalsystem

问题4选项

A.stimulatingtohistoriansandlegalscholars

B.morepowerfulthanmorerecentexplanations

C.persuasiveinspiteofminordeficiencies

D.questionableinlightofcurrentscholarlywork

问题5选项

A.TheenvironmentinwhichBrazil’sracialsystemdeveloped.

B.TheinfluenceofdifferentlegalandeconomicconditionsinBrazilandtheUnitedStatesonthelife-styleofpersonsofmixedrace.

C.TheoriginsofBrazil’slargeclassoffreeskilledpersonsofmixedrace.

D.ThedifferencesbetweentreatmentofslavesinBrazilandintheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】21.主旨归纳题。文章开篇提出“ForyearsscholarshavecontrastedslaveryintheUnitedStatesandinBrazil,stimulatedbythefactthatracialpatternsassumedsuchdifferentaspectsinthetwocountriesafteremancipation.（奴隶解放后，巴西没有什么歧视，而美国却有严重的歧视）”这一现象，接着在机制、经济和人群等方面围绕该问题进行详细论述。即可得出本题答案。

22.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第三句。“Untilrecently,themostpersuasiveexplanationforthesedifferenceswasthatPortugueseinstitutionsespeciallytheRomanCatholicchurchandRomancivillaw,promotedrecognitionoftheslave’shumanity.（直到最近，对这些差异最有说服力的解释是，葡萄牙的制度，尤其是罗马天主教会和罗马民法，促进了对奴隶人性的承认。）”即可得出本题答案。

23.语义题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第四句。“TheEnglishcolonists,ontheotherhand,constructedtheirsystemofslaveryoutofwholecloth(wholecloth:purefabricationusuallyusedinthephraseoutofwholecloth).”即可得出本题答案。

24.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词theexplanationproposedbyearlyscholars可定位到原文第二段第一句。“Buttheassumptionthatinstitutionsalonecouldsopowerfullyaffectthehistoryoftworawandmalleablefrontier(anewfieldforexploitativeordevelopmentalactivity)countriesseems,onreexamination,untenable.（但是，单凭制度就能如此有力地影响两个原始的、可塑的前沿国家（剥削或发展活动的新领域）的历史，这一假设，在重新审视之后，似乎是站不住脚的。）”即可得出本题答案。

25.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词intermarriage,manumission,theshortageofskilledworkers等可定位到原文中的第二段第5-7句。“InBrazil,itwasnotfeasible.Thoughintermarriagewasillegalinbothcountries,thelawswereunenforceableinBrazilsinceWhitesformedasmallminorityinanoverwhelminglyBlackpopulation.ManumissionforpersonsofmixedracewasalsoeasierinBrazil,particularlyinthenineteenthcenturywhenintheUnitedStatesitwashedgedaboutwithdifficulties.（在巴西，这是不可行的。尽管异族通婚在这两个国家都是非法的，但由于白人在绝大多数黑人人口中只占少数，这些法律在巴西无法实施。在巴西，为混血儿提供服务也比较容易，特别是在19世纪，当时在美国，这种服务受到种种困难的限制。）”即可得出本题答案。

9.单选题

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“拘泥的，被强迫的”；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”；C选项conditional“条件语气的”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的，传统的”。主语是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英国文学和语言学”，空格后面“courses课程”是句子的表语。由此判断空格部分意思为“compulsorycourses必修课程”，句意为：英国文学和语言学是英语专业的必修课程。选项B为正确答案。

10.单选题

Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbaseless:studiescomparingtechnology-basedandtraditionalcourseofferingsarebeginningtoappearwithregularity,andtechnologyislookingbetteralltime.UniversitiesthatspecializeindistanceeducationarelearninghowtousemultimediacoursewareandtheInterneteffectivelyandthequalityoftheirofferingsisgainingincreasingrecognition.Whenstudentsinthenearfuturehaveachoicebetween(a)attendingpassivelecturesatfixedlocationsandtimesinacampus-basedcurriculumand(b)completinginteractivemultimediatutorialsatanyconvenientplaceandtimeinadistance-basedcurriculum,guesswhichalternativemoreofthemwillbegintochoose.

Thisisnottosaythattechnologyisapanacea.Passiveinstructionaltechnology-e.g.,simplypointingavideocameraataconventionallectureorusingtheWebonlytodisplaytextandpictures—doesnotpromotemuchlearning,nomatterhowdynamicthelecturerorhowcolorfulthegraphicimages.Moreover,evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely,suchasadvising,encouraging,motivating,andservingasrolemodelsforstudents,helpingthemdevelopthecommunicationandinterpersonalskillstheywillneedtosucceedintheircareers,andgettingthemtoteachandlearnfromoneanother.Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;itisunlikelythatanyonewilleverbeabletodothesameforasoftwarepackage.

Here,then,iswhatourcrystalballsaysaboutthefutureofhighereducation.Anincreasingshareofundergraduatedegreeswillbeearnedinwell-designeddistance-basedprogramsatconventionaluniversitiesandinstitutionswithoutwallsliketheBritishOpenUniversity,andanincreasingnumberofpeoplewillbypasscollegealtogetherandseekcompetency-basedcertificationinfieldslikeinformationtechnology.Somehighlyrankedresearchuniversitieswillstillteachtraditionallyandcontinuetoattractundergraduatesbyvirtueoftheirprestige,servingprimarilyastraininggroundsforgraduateschools.Manyofthemuchgreaternumberoflessprestigiousuniversitieswilltrytokeepdoingbusinessasusual,buthavingtocompeteforashrinkingpoolofundergraduateswillforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.Andagrowingnumberofuniversitieswillsystematicallyincorporateinteractivemultimedia-basedinstructionalsoftwareintheirliveclassroom-basedcourses,makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.Theseuniversitieswillcontinuetothrive—andtheywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

2."apanacea"(Line1,2ndparagraph)probablymeans（）.

3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofmostuniversities?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofaprofessorinthefutureclassroom?

问题1选项

A.technologybasedcourseslookbetterthantraditionalcourses

B.thequalityofmultimediacoursewareisnotclear

C.morestudentswillchoosetechnology-baseddistancelearning

D.someuniversitieswillspecializeindistanceeducationwhileotherswon't

问题2选项

A.asolutiontoallproblems

B.awonderfulinvention

C.amachineteacher

D.ausefulfacilitator

问题3选项

A.qualifiedteachersplayavitalroleinshapingstudents'life

B.it'steachers'jobtobuildacareerfortheirstudents

C.asophisticatedsoftwarepackageislikelytoreplaceateacher

D.aconventionallectureisalwayspassive

问题4选项

A.Theyhavetoclosetheirdoorsandturntobusiness.

B.Theywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

C.Theywillshrinkbecauseoflessstudents.

D.Theyhavetochangeortheywillbeoutofbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Anadviser

B.Atransmitter

C.Aninstructor

D.Atrainers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句可知，作者认为用技术授课的课程比在现场课堂授课的课程更能帮助学生学习的这种推测并非毫无依据，说明作者赞成越来越多的同学会选择基于技术的远程学习课程。选项C正确。

2.第二段的主要内容是讲基于技术课程的缺点和不足。由此推断，这里应该是指技术不是万能的。选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的第三句“evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely.”即使再好的技术也永远无法做一些一流的教师经常做的事情。以及倒数第二句“Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;”大多数成功人士都能回想起至少一位有才华的教师，他通过做一件或多件这样的事情改变了他们的生活。由此推断：合格的教师在塑造学生的生活中起着至关重要的作用。选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的倒数第三句“...willforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.”许多大学还在努力维持以往的办学模式，他们要么被迫做出改变，要么只能关门大吉。选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.”确保授课教师是学生的真正导师，而不仅仅是信息的传播者。选项A正确。

11.单选题

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。versatile“多才多艺的”；marine“海生的，海产的”；predatory“掠夺的，掠夺成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一类动物是海洋类生物，5亿年前这些海洋生物逐渐长出了外壳。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批动物是海生动物，没有外壳；而且只有B项能修饰动物。

12.单选题

______allourkindnesstohelpher;Sararefusedtolisten.

问题1选项

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at“在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in“在……内”；for“对；为了”；on“在……之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Assuminglythathedisagreeswithourproposal,whatshallwedonext?

问题1选项

A.If

B.Whatif

C.When

D.Whatabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析与条件状语从句。Assumingly的动词原形是assume，放在句首表示疑问“假定，假使”；A项if“如果”，一般用法为ifthat+从句；B项whatif“假使……将会怎么样”，用法为whatif+主语+谓语；C项when“何时”，引导时间状语从句；D项whatabout“怎么样”，引导特殊疑问句。句意：假如他不同意我们的建议，那我们下一步怎么办？根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

14.单选题

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析。句意：尽管大多数的梦明显是（）出现的，梦境活动也可能受到外界的影响。

spontaneously自然地，不由自主地；simultaneously同时地；homogeneously同样地；instantaneously即刻，突如其来地。因此，A项spontaneously符合句意。

15.单选题

Scientistshaveacknowledgedthattointerpretananimal’sthoughtprocessesinasoundmannerre-quiresaheavydoseof（）fromourownmentalpatterns,whichweaccessintrospectively.

问题1选项

A.estimation

B.calculation

C.skepticism

D.inference

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：科学家已经承认，用声音的方式来翻译一个动物的思维进程，需要从我们使用内在的思维模式进行大量的（）。estimation评价，估计；calculation计算；skepticism怀疑论；inference推理。故选B。

16.单选题

Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistseemed（

）tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.vertical

C.parallel

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。identical意为“相同的，同一的”；vertical意为“垂直的，竖立的”；parallel意为“平行的”；specific意为“明确的”。

句意：野生动物技术人员和生物学家的工作对他来说似乎是一样的，但有一天他发现了它们的不同之处。

17.单选题

（）nooneissurewhodiscoveredAmerica.

问题1选项

A.Asamatteroffact

B.Asthefactofmatter

C.Asthematteroffact

D.Asafactualmatter

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项Asamatteroffact“事实上”；B选项Asthefactofmatter“作为事实”；C选项Asthematteroffact“事实上”；D选项Asafactualmatter（没有这个搭配）句意：……没有人确定是谁发现了美洲。根据句意，可排除B，D选项，由于这里不是特指，可排除C选项，由此可知A选项正确。

18.单选题

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject“使……隶属；使屈从于……”；adjust“调整，使……适合”；devote“致力于；奉献”；entitle“定名为……；使……有权利”。根据后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，besubjectto是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。

19.翻译题

Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.

Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.

Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.

【答案】科学家研究我们居住的这个世界。他们受好奇心驱使，当有新发现、发现方法来解释那些未解之谜时他们会变得兴奋。科学家一般都不自私，他们乐于将喜悦分享给他人。他们将自己的发现出版，这样全世界对此有兴趣的人都能接触到。

事实上，他们交流结果也是为了自己。科学家们渴望与其他研究相同和类似问题的同行交流。通过交换结果和想法，他们成功的机会更大，能更快达到目标。通常他们研究的目标大部分是属于物理、化学或者生物领域的，这些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特质。欧洲和中国的自然规律都是一样的。正是这个原因使得科学家之间的对话不会为政治界限所阻。只要科学家发现有同行在研究同一个问题，无论在世界何处，交换各自的知识就能帮助对方推进研究。由于这些原因，科学家之间的国际合作蓬勃发展。

很多人具备所有快乐的条件，比如健康以及足够的收入，但是他们却并不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题出在生活理论的错误上。在某个意义上，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是错误的。我们和动物的区别并没有想象中的大。动物的生活是冲动性的，只要外部条件合适，它们就会很快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶尔有机会出去玩，它就会很快乐。你的需求远比你的猫的要复杂，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，尤其是在讲英语的国家，这一点很容易被人遗忘。人们给自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动。

20.单选题

IntheAmericans’minds,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Whentheboundariesarecrossed,Americanswill（）stiffenandtheirmannerwillbecomecool.

问题1选项

A.visibly

B.tragically

C.uneasily

D.tremendously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。visibly“明显地，显然地”；tragically“悲剧地，悲惨地”；uneasily“不自在地，不稳定地”；tremendously“非常地，可怕地”。句意：在美国人的心目中,有些界限人们是不能跨越的。当这些界限被越过时,美国人会（）变得僵硬,他们的态度会变得很冷酷。and表示并列关系，其前后表示的内容的性质一致，由and后面的内容“他们的态度也很冷酷”可推知空格处意为美国人明显变得很僵硬，故A项正确。

21.单选题

Hisphysicalandemotional（）toOxfordandtoMississippi,tothelandandtothepeoplethatshapedhim,wasatthecoreofhisbeing.

问题1选项

A.personality

B.character

C.fidelity

D.morality

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。句意：全身心的（）是他的全部：无论是对牛津和密西西比，还是对那片土地和那些塑造他的人。personality个性；character性格；fidelity忠诚；morality道德。故选C。

22.单选题

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytar