考研考博-英语-伊春职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-伊春职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroubleinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionourmotives”.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbanks’sharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.

31.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto________.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin________.

33.AccordingtoParagraph4,McGreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto________.

34.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersistheoneof________.

问题1选项

A.followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

B.collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

C.cooperatewiththepricemanagers

D.reevaluatesomeoftheirassets

问题2选项

A.thediminishingroleofmanagement

B.therevivalofthebankingsystem

C.thebanks’long-termassetlosses

D.theweakeningofitsindependence

问题3选项

A.keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences

B.evadethepressurefromtheirpeers

C.actontheirowninrule-setting

D.takegradualmeasuresinreform

问题4选项

A.misinterpretedmarkedpriceindicators

B.exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets

C.neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts

D.deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets

问题5选项

A.satisfaction

B.skepticism

C.objectiveness

D.sympathy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.（这些规则规定，他们必须以第三方愿意支付的价格对某些资产进行估价，而不是按照管理者和监管机构希望他们获得的价格。），可知银行家的主要问题是不能按照正常方式估价，所以A选项“遵循不良资产评估规则”正确。B选项“从第三方收取款项”，C选项“配合价格经理”和D选项“重新评估他们的某些资产”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），可知D选项“削弱其独立性”正确。A选项“削弱管理层的作用”：根据第三段最后一句Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”（然而，银行股票上涨加强了游说团所敬称的“管理者决断权”。），可知FASB的变化加强了管理层权力，故错误。B选项“恢复银行系统”：根据第二段最后一句unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.（除非银行以吸引买家的价格持有有毒资产，否则恢复银行体系将会很困难），可知FASB变化不会恢复银行体系，故错误。C选项“银行损失长期资产”：根据第三段第二句moreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements（也给银行在损益表中确认长期资产损失时更大的灵活性），可知并没有导致长期资产损失，故错误。因此D选项正确。

33.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.（IASB表示它不想没有完整计划就贸然行动，但它在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力十分巨大。），可知C选项“自己制定规则”正确；没有要逃避压力，故B选项“规避来自同行的压力”错误。A选项“远离政治影响”：根据第四段第三句CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”（欧盟委员CharlieMcGreevy称赞IASB“不是生活在政治的真空中”。），可知这只是CharlieMcGreevy的看法，故错误。D选项“逐步改革措施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第一句Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.（银行在错误的星球上，他们的账户资产被大大高估了。），可知B选项“夸大他们资产的实际价值”正确。A选项“错误解读标价价格指标”，C选项“忽视了可能存在的坏账”和D选项“否认其出售资产的账面损失”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），随后对此进行进一步说明，所以作者认为标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害，所以D选项“同情”正确，A选项“满意”，B选项“怀疑”和C选项“客观”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice实行；takeintoaccount考虑；throwlighton照亮，阐明，使……显得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Standinginlinehasneverbeenapopularactivity,buttodayitseemsthatAmericansarelikelytobemoreimpatientaboutwaitinginlinethantheyhavebeenin20years.AccordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades.Withleisuretimemorevaluable,theopportunitycostofwaitinginlinesismuchhigher.

Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice.Bykeepingcustomerswaitingbusinessesmaybelosingcustomers.Theyarefindingthatpeoplewillchooseoneestablishmentoveranotherbecauseshorterlines.Asaresult,businessesarefocusingontheirmarketingeffortsonwhatmarketerscalltimeutility-providingproductsandservicesinwaysthatdonotconsumevaluabletimeorprovidingvaluestooffsetthetimelosses.Whenthemultiple-linesapproachisusedinbanksandstores,peoplegetfrustratedbecausetheyoftenfindthemselvesintheslowestline.Singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations.Customerscanlineupbehindthetellerorclerkortheirchoice;orinonelinethatallowsthefirstpersoninlinetogotothenextavailableserver-calledasingle-serverline.Asaresult,mosttypesofbusinessesinwhichseveralservicepeoplehandlecustomershaveswitchedtothesingle-serverline.

Firmshavetriedseveralotherapproachestodealingwithlines.ChemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5.HospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill.TheManhattanSavingsBankoffersliveentertainmentduringnoontimebankinghours.Somehotelsandofficebuildingshavemirrorsontheirelevatordoorsinanattempttodistractpeoplewhilewaiting.

Sometimesjusttellingpeoplehowlongtheyhavetowaitcheersthemup.Disneylandhashadtolearntocomfortthoseinline,sinceapopularattractionlikeStarTourscanattractasmanyas1,800peopleinaline.Likemanyamusementparks,Disneylandprovidedentertainmentforthosestandinginline,butitalsogivespeopleupdates,intheformofsigns,noting“fromthispoint,onthewaitis30minutes'Distractionssuchasthesecanhelppeopleforgethowtheycouldbespendingtheirtimeiftheyweren’twaitinginline.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthisessay?

2.Whatisthemainideaoftheentireessay?

3.Peopleprefersingle-serverlinesbecause（）.

4.Wecaninferfromtheessaythat（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalse?

问题1选项

A.PreciousLeisureTime.

B.Single-serverLine.

C.NoWaitingGuarantee.

D.TheOpportunityCostofWaiting.

问题2选项

A.Peoplearemoreimpatientthantheyusedtobebecausetheyhavelessleisuretime.

B.Businessestrytoattractcustomersbydecreasingwaitingtime.

C.Timecanbeconsideredpartoftheopportunitycostofaproductorservice.

D.Banks,storesandotherbusinesseshaveintroducedsingle-serverlinesandentertainmentforcustomerswaitinginline.

问题3选项

A.theymovequicker

B.theyoffermoredistractions

C.theyreducefrustrations

D.theyaddvariances

问题4选项

A.peoplejudgeaproductonitsfullopportunitycostincludingtime

B.marketersdonotfindeffectiveapproachestodealingwithtime

C.mostpeoplearepatientwhentheylineforanamusementprogram

D.mostpeopledonotcarefortheentertainmentprogramofferedbythebusinesseswhentheyarewaitinginlonglines

问题5选项

A.Americans’leisuretimehasshrunken37percentinthelasttwodecades.

B.AtChemicalBankcustomerswhohadtowaitmorethansevenminutesweregiven$5.

C.Somehospitalemergencyroomsoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee.

D.Disneylandhadtocheerupthepeoplewaitinginlonglinesforsomepopularattractions,butnottothecustomers'satisfaction.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到美国人的休闲时间越来越宝贵，排队等候所费的成本越来越高。在接下来的段落里，作者着重说明商家是如何采取措施来解决排队费时间的问题，向消费者提供费时少的产品和服务。因此可以推断出全文是在讲排队等候的机会成本，所以选项D符合题意。

第2题:根据第1题可知，选项C“时间被认为是产品或者服务的机会成本的一部分”符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段提到人们不喜欢多行的队伍，这样会让他们沮丧，而singlelinesdonotmoveanyquicker,buttheyreducethevarianceofthewaitandthusreducefrustrations，单行队伍能够减少人们的沮丧。选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第二段第一句话提到商家意识到人们在机会成本的基础上选择商品不仅仅是因为产品的服务或者质量（Businessesrecognizethatpeoplechoosetheirproductsonthebasisofthefullopportunitycost,notjustthepriceofthegoodsorservice）。之后举了商家向人们提供不费时间的产品和服务的例子，由此可知，人们在选择商品时，时间成本也是其中需要考虑的因素之一。选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章第一段第二句话accordingtoarecentLouisHarrissurvey,Americans’leisuretimehasshrunkby37percentinthelasttwodecades，排除选项A；文章第三段第二句话chemicalBankbeganaprogramwhereanycustomerwhohadtowaitinatellerlineformorethansevenminuteswasgiven$5，排除选项B；第三段第三句话hospitalemergencyroomsinLosGatos,California,nowoffera“NoWaiting”guarantee:Ifyouwaitlongerthanfiveminutesforemergency-roomcare,thebillingdepartmentknocks25percentoffyourbill，排除选项C。所以选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Asisknowntoall,（）wonderfulsenseofhumor.

问题1选项

A.Englishhas

B.theEnglishhas

C.theEnglishhave

D.theEnglishhad

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词用法。“the+形容词”结构用于表示性质或特征相同的一类人，则通常具有复数意义，如：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.（富人不一定总比穷人幸福。），因此本题选C选项“theEnglishhave”，符合题意。句意：众所周知，英国人很有幽默感。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

5.单选题

TheNo.1domestic___ofthegovernmentistocleanuptheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.commission

B.committee

C.committence

D.commitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项commission“委员会；佣金；服务费；犯；委任；委任状”；B选项committee“委员会”；C选项committence“错误单词”；D选项commitment“承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身；花费金钱、时间、人力等”。句意：政府的首要国内___是清理环境。本句表达“首要国内承诺”，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划，平面图”；B选项judgment“判断，裁判，判决书，辨别力”；C选项stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D选项knowledge“知识，学问，知道，认识，学科”。句意：这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气，气质，耐力”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

7.翻译题

航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

8.单选题

Sofast（

）thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.

问题1选项

A.haslighttraveled

B.lighttravels

C.doeslighttravel

D.travelslight

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装句。由so/such…that…结构中的so或such与其修饰成分位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，因此选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Thechildrensinginganddancingonthemeadowmadeacharmingspectacle.

问题1选项

A.tool

B.glasses

C.scenery

D.sight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tool“工具”；B选项glasses“眼镜”；C选项scenery“景色”；D选项sight“视力”。句意：孩子们在草地上唱歌和跳舞，构成了一幅迷人的景象。划线部分spectacle是景象的意思。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Underthe（

）ofProfessorRoberts,the900delegatesassessedanddiscussedthesocialmarketeconomy.

问题1选项

A.custodian

B.alienation

C.tutelage

D.help

【答案】C

【解析】custodian管理人，监护人；alienation异化，疏远；tutelage指导。句意：在Roberts教授的指导下，900名代表对社会市场经济进行了评估和讨论。选项C更符合语境。

11.单选题

Itisconsiderednot（

）tolitterinpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.respective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。respectful“对……恭敬的，尊敬的”；respected“受尊敬的，德高望重的”；respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的，体面的”；respective“各自的，分别的”。句意：在公共场所乱丢东西被认为是不被人尊敬的。C项符合题意。

12.单选题

Bothcivilizationandculturearefairlymodernwords,havingcomeintoprominentuseduringthe19thcenturybyanthropologists,historians,andliteraryfigures.Therehasbeenastrongtendencytousetheminterchangeablyasthoughtheymeanthesamething,buttheyarenotthesame.

Althoughmodernintheirusage,thetwowordsderivedfromancientLatin.ThewordcivilizationisbasedontheLatincivis,ofacity.Thuscivilization,initsmostessentialmeaning,istheabilityofpeopletolivetogetherharmoniouslyincities,insocialgroupings.Fromthisdefinitionitwouldseemthatcertaininsects,suchasantsorbees,arealsocivilized.Theyliveandworktogetherinsocialgroups.Sodosomemicroorganisms.Butthereismoretocivilization,andthatiswhatculturebringstoit.So,civilizationisinseparablefromculture.

ThewordcultureisderivedfromtheLatinverbcolere,“totillthesoil”.Butcolerealsohasawiderrangeofmeanings.Itmay,likecivis,meaninhabitingatownorvillage.Butmostofitsdefinitionssuggestaprocessofstartingandpromotinggrowthanddevelopment.Onemaycultivateagarden;onemayalsocultivateone’sinterests,mind,andabilities.Initsmodernusethewordculturereferstoallthepositiveaspectsandachievementsofhumanitythatmakemankinddifferentfromtherestoftheanimalworld.Culturehasgrownoutofcreativity,acharacteristicthatseemstobeuniquetohumanbeings.

Oneofthebasicandbest-knownfeaturesofcivilizationandcultureisthepresenceoftools.Butmoreimportantthantheirsimpleexistenceisthatthetoolsarealwaysbeingimprovedandenlargedupon,aresultofcreativity.Ittookthousandsofyearstogetfromthefirstwheeltothelatest,mostadvancedmodelofautomobile.

Itistheconceptofhumansastoolmakersandimproversthatdifferentiatesthemfromotheranimals.Amonkeymayuseasticktoknockabananafromatree,butthatstickwillnever,throughamonkey’scleverness,bemodifiedintoahookoraladder.Monkeyshaveneverdevisedaspokenlanguage,writtenabook,composedamelody,builtahouse,orpaintedaportrait.Tosaythatbirdsbuildnestsandbeaverstheirdensistomissthepoint.Peopleoncelivedincaves,buttheircleverness,imaginationandcreativityledthemtoprogressbeyondcavestobuildings.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthewords“civilization”and“culture”？

2.Accordingtotheauthortheword“civilization”originallyrefersto（）.

3.TheLatinverbcolereoriginallymeans“（）”.

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcreativity（）.

5.Theauthormentionsmonkeysinthelastparagraphtoshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareidentical.

B.Theyaredifferentconcepts.

C.Theycanoftenbeusedinterchangeably.

D.Theyaredenieddifferentlybydifferentpeople.

问题2选项

A.people’swayoflifeincities.

B.people’sabilitytolivetogetherincities.

C.atypeofsocialorganizations.

D.anadvancedlevelofsociallife.

问题3选项

A.liveinacity.

B.developoneself.

C.promotegrowth

D.cultivatetheland

问题4选项

A.isauniquefeatureofcivilizedbeings.

B.bringsforththeimprovementoftools.

C.istheresultofhumandevelopment.

D.helpstheadvanceofculture.

问题5选项

A.monkeysarethesameasbirds.

B.peopleoncelivedincaveslikemonkeys.

C.monkeyscanneverdevelopintohumanbeings.

D.manisdifferentfromotheranimalssuchasmonkeys.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Therehasbeenastrongtendencytousetheminterchangeablyasthoughtheymeanthesamething,buttheyarenotthesame.”人们经常把它们互换使用，就好像它们的意思是一样的，但其实它们是不一样的。选项B正确。

2.根据第二段的第三句“Thuscivilization,initsmostessentialmeaning,istheabilityofpeopletolivetogetherharmoniouslyincities,insocialgroupings.”文明从最基本的意义上说，是人们在城市或社会团体中和谐地生活在一起的能力。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段的第一句可知colere最初的意思是“totillthesoil”，也就是耕耘土地。选项D正确。

4.根据第四段的第二句“Butmoreimportantthantheirsimpleexistenceisthatthetoolsarealwaysbeingimprovedandenlargedupon,aresultofcreativity.”工具总是在不断改进和扩大，这是创造性的结果。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的第一句“Itistheconceptofhumansastoolmakersandimproversthatdifferentiatesthemfromotheranimals.”。选项D正确。

13.单选题

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.

问题1选项

A.restless

B.ceaseless

C.available

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不断的”；available“可获得的”；versatile“多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Suchasanguineconclusionmayseemoddatatimewhenfuriousargumentsarenodoubtragingbehindthescenes.

问题1选项

A.puissant

B.sapient

C.propitious

D.berserk

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项puissant“强大的，强盛的；有势力的，有权力的”；B选项sapient“聪明的；伶俐的；装聪明样的；有见识的”；C选项propitious“适合的；有利的；顺利的”；D选项berserk“狂怒的，失控的：（激动得）控制不住的”。句意：在激烈的争论毫无疑问正在幕后肆虐之际，这样一个乐观的结论可能显得有些奇怪。sanguine“乐观的；满怀希望的；面色红润的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

问题1选项

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。release“释放；允许发表”；relieve“解除；减轻；使放心”；remove“移动；开除”；rely“依靠，信赖”。句意：他从不认为，变得残疾……他所有对自己和社区的道德责任。可知“减轻”更合适，因此B选项符合题意。

16.不定项选择题

Broccoli(西兰花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

问题1选项

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

问题3选项

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

问题5选项

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干：文章的主题思想是？文章开头第一句话就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（实验室研究表明，蔬菜中的纤维可以增强人体对胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A选项“西兰花和大蕉中的纤维有助于减少胃部感染”，符合题意；B选项“西兰花提取物会降低自然防御能力”，和文章表达的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到发达国家的人患克罗恩氏病的概率高是因为日常饮食含纤维少，而加工食品含量高，但也没有详细说明加工食品如何损害身体健康，故C选项“加工食品如何损害身体健康”，属于无中生有选项，排除；D选项“专家如何评价西兰花的营养”，全文是在讲蔬菜中的纤维，以及专家对其研究，D选项不够全面，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

27.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：为什么发达国家的人最容易患克罗恩病？由题干定位到文章第三段第一句话Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（这种情况在发达国家很常见，那里的饮食通常纤维含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B选项“因为加工食品减少了消化所需的纤维”，符合题意；A选项“因为蔬菜的摄入量低于每日推荐量”，文章并没有提及每日推荐的蔬菜摄入量是多少，属于无中生有选项，故排除；C选项“因为他们不喜欢低纤维的食物”和D选项“因为他们喜欢吃高热量的食物”，在文中均未提及，属于无中生有选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：据巴里•坎贝尔博士所说，关于吃大蕉我们还有什么不理解的呢？由题干定位到文章第四段第二句话Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我们早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜对健康有好处，这两种食物都富含维生素和矿物质，但直到现在我们还不知道它们是如何增强人体对克罗恩病患者常见感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A选项“如何提高身体对胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合题意；B选项“如何限制人们对加工食品的摄入量”，C选项“如何获得对健康有益的维生素，矿物质和纤维”和D选项“如何再次确认一般健康福利的益处”，和吃大蕉并没有直接联系，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：对克罗恩病患者进行试验的目的是什么？由题干定位到文章第五段第三句话Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克罗恩病患者身上进行临床试验，以确定含有大蕉纤维的医疗食品是否有助于预防克罗恩病。），因此C选项“目的是为了证明大蕉纤维食品的功效”，符合题意；A选项“目的是鼓励人们吃高纤维食物”，B选项“目的是生产高纤维补品”和D选项“目的是改进高纤维药物的配方”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：专家们对M细胞的发现有什么看法?由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句话KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（对M细胞角色的知识提供了更详细的解释，为什么健康饮食可以改善克罗恩病患者和健康人类的身体状态和幸福。），因此B选项“它有助于证明M细胞对健康饮食的作用”，符合题意；A选项“它对胃感染有进一步的了解”，C选项“它导致了对克罗恩病的调查”，和D选项“它支持高纤维医疗食品的发明”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

17.单选题

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。

18.单选题

Anewpassengerlineris（）afterthroughmanyhardships.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.commenced

C.launched

D.classified

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:initiated“开始；传授”；B:commenced“开始；着手”；C:launched“发射；开展；使（船，尤指新船）下水”；D:classified“分类”。句意：一艘新的客运班轮经过许多艰难困苦之后下水。根据“passengerliner客轮”这一关键词可知C为正确答案。

19.翻译题

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Forthetimebeingatleast,contractsarealiveandwell.Theytestifytoanimportantliberalprinciple,namely,thatpeoplecancometogetherasstrangersandvoluntarilycommitthemselvestoanagreementthattakestheplaceofthelawbetweenthem.Thefinalcontract,whetheritiswrittenorspoken,isnottheonlymannerinwhichthelawacknowledgesvoluntaryactionsthatgiverisetocommitmentsastrangermayenforce.Inthecommonlaw,suchcommitmentsmayarisethroughconductonwhichanotherpersonhasarighttorely,ofactindetrimentalreliance(导致损失的信赖)Therightofreliancemayoccur