河南省洛阳一高2021届高三9月月考英语试题(含答案)

洛阳一高2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级9月月考英语试卷第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分）ATherearecampusmuseumsalloverChinathatoffervariouscollectionsandmakeforeye-openingvisits.BeijingAirandSpaceMuseumatBeihangUniversityAdmission:freeOpeninghours:TuesdayandSaturday,9:00am-12:00pmHighlights:Includedamongthemorethan300historicaircraftandspaceartifactsareoneofthetwoNorthropP-61BlackWidowsintheworldandChina'sfirstlightairliner,Beijing1.FudanUniversityMuseumAdmission:freeOpeninghours:TuesdaytoFriday,9:00am-11:30amand1:30pm-4:30pmHighlights:AuniquecollectionofnativeartifactsfromtheGaoshanaboriginesinTaiwan.Someofthem,suchaspearlvests,arerarelyseeneveninTaiwan.ChinaIchthyicCultureMuseumatShanghaiOceanUniversityAdmission:10yuanOpeninghours:MondaytoFriday,9:00am-11:30amand1:30pm-4:00pmHighlights:Inthiscollectionofmorethan40,000specimensofabout3,000ocean-dwellingspecies,themosteye-catchingoneisan18.4-meter-longspermwhaleskeleton.YifuMuseumofChinaUniversityofGeosciencesAdmission:40yuan;halfpriceforstudentsOpeninghours:MondaytoFriday,8:30am-12:00pmand2:30pm-5:00pm;weekendsandholidays,9:00am-4:30pmHighlights:Ithousesacollectionofmorethan30,000mineralandrockspecimens,morethan2,000ofwhicharerareoneslikethemuseum'swell-knowndinosaurfossils.ChinaAcademyMuseumatHunanUniversityAdmission:50yuanOpeninghours:MondaytoSunday,8:00am-6:30pminsummerand8:30am-6:00pminwinterHighlights:China'sonlymuseumtofeaturethehistoryofacademiesandculturaleducationinthecountry.1.Whichmuseumwillyouchooseifyou'reinterestedinseaspecies?ChinaAcademyMuseumatHunanUniversity.YifuMuseumofChinaUniversityofGeosciences.BeijingAirandSpaceMuseumatBeihangUniversity.ChinaIchthyicCultureMuseumatShanghaiOceanUniversity.WhatcanyouseeinYifuMuseumofChinaUniversityofGeosciences?Spaceartifacts.B.Dinosaurfossils.C.Nativeartifacts.D.Spermwhaleskeletons.WhencanyougotoChinaAcademyMuseumatHunanUniversity?OnTuesday6:00pminwinter.OnSaturday8:00aminwinter.OnSunday6:30pminsummer.OnWednesday8:00aminsummer.BThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin（普通话）class,hequicklychangedhismind.“IthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,”saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.Whileit'sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,”hesaid.Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency（熟练）inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.“PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast,”saidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil（议会）ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.“We'reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.”Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated（指定）Mandarinasan“importantneeds”languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.“Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,”Abbottadded.Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.Mandarincouldenablehimtostudycomputerengineering.Theunderlinedword“edge”inParagraph4probablymeans“”.aslightadvantageB.theoutsidelimitC.asharptoneofvoiceD.anexcitingqualityWhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagreewith?MandarinshouldbetaughtinclassroomsthroughouttheUS.ThoseskilledatChinesewillbethemostcompetitiveinthefuture.TheUSgovernment'spolicyhashelpedpopularizeMandarinintheUS.AmericanslearnMandarinbecausetheyworryabouttheirnationalsecurity.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?TherisingpopularityofMandarinamongAmericanstudents.ThegreatbenefitsoflearningMandarinforAmericanstudents.TheinfluenceofChina'sgrowingpoweronAmericaneducation.D.TheeffectofConfuciusInstitutesinpromotingMandarinintheUS.CPeoplehavedifferentwaysofdealingwithacommoncold.Sometakeover-the-counter（非处方的）medicinessuchasaspirinwhileotherstrypopularhomeremedies（治疗）likeherbalteaorchickensoup.Yethereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold:nothingreallycuresit.Sowhydopeoplesometimesbelievethattheirremedieswork?AccordingtoJamesTaylor,professorattheUniversityofWashington,coldsusuallygoawayontheirowninaboutaweek,improvingalittleeachdayaftersymptomspeak,soit'seasytobelieveit'smedicineratherthantimethatdeservesthecredit,USATodayreported.Itstillseemshardtobelievethatwecandealwithmoreseriousdiseasesyetarepowerlessagainstsomethingsocommonasacold.Recently,scientistscameclosertofiguringoutwhy.Tounderstandit,youfirstneedtoknowhowantiviral（抗病毒的）drugswork.Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus.Todothat,thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw（拼图），whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3-Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandesignanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.Thetwocoldvirusesthatscientistshadlongknownaboutwererhino-virus（鼻病毒）AandB.Buttheydidn'tfindoutabouttheexistenceofathirdvirus,rhino-virusC，until2006.Allthreeofthemcontributetothecommoncold，butdrugsthatworkwellagainstrhino-virusAandBhavelittleeffectwhenusedagainstC.“Thisexplainsmostofthepreviousfailuresofdrugtrialsagainstrhino-virus,”studyleaderProfessorAnnPalmenbergatUniversityofWisconsin-Madison，US，toldScienceDaily.Now，morethan10yearsafterthediscoveryofrhino-virusC，scientistshavefinallybuiltahighly-detailed3-Dmodelofthevirus，showingthatthesurfaceofthevirusis，asexpected，differentfromthatofothercoldviruses.Withthemodelinhand，hopefullyarealcureforacommoncoldisonitsway.Soon，wemaynolongerhavetowasteourmoneyonmedicinesthatdon'treallywork.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpopularremediesforacommoncold?Theyarequiteeffective.Theyareslightlyhelpful.Theyactuallyhavenoeffect.Theystillneedtobeimproved.Howdoantiviraldrugswork?Bybreakingupcoldvirusesdirectly.Bychangingthesurfacestructuresofthecoldviruses.Bypreventingcoldsfromdevelopingintoseriousdiseases.Byabsorbingdifferentkindsofcoldvirusesatthesametime.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Thesurfaceofcoldviruseslooksquitesimilar.Scientistshavealreadyfoundacureforthecommoncold.Scientistswerenotawareoftheexistenceofrhino-virusCuntilrecently.D.Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?DrugsagainstcoldvirusesB.HelpfulhomeremediesC.NocurrentcureforcommoncoldD.ResearchoncoldvirusesDScientiststhinkthatgrowinggardengrasscouldbethesecrettosolvingourenergyneeds,andwemaysoonbeabletoreplaceourgasolinewith“grassoline”.Theteam,includingexpertsfromCardiffUniversityinWales,hasshownthathydrogencanbetakenfromgrassinusefulamountswiththehelpofsunlightandacheapcatalyst（催化剂）一somethingthatspeedsupachemicalreactionwithoutbeingusedup.Itisthefirsttimethatthishasbeenshownanditcouldleadtoasustainable（可持续的）wayofmakinghydrogen,reportedAsianNewsInternational.Thiscouldbeanimportantkindofrenewableenergybecauseitishighinenergyanditdoesnotgiveoutharmfulgaseswhenitisburned.Studyco-authorMichaelBowkersaid,“Thisisreallyagreensourceofenergy.Hydrogenisseenasanimportantfutureenergycarrierastheworldmovesfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergy,andourresearchhasshownthatevengardengrasscouldbeagoodwayofgettingit.”Cellulose（纤维素），whichisakeypartofplantsandthebiopolymer（生物聚合物）foundinthelargestnumbersontheearth,couldbeagreatsourceofhydrogen.Initsstudy，theteamlookedatthepossibilityofgettinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingsunlightandasimplecatalyst.Thisiscalledphotocatalysis（光催化作用）andinit,thesunlightstartsthecatalyst,whichthenmakescelluloseandwaterintohydrogen.Theresearchersstudiedtheeffectivenessofthreemetal-basedcatalysts，ofwhichnickel（镍）especiallyinterestedtheresearchers,asitisamuchmorecommonmetalthangoldandpalladium住钯）anditsavesmoremoney.AccordingtoBowker,producinghydrogenfromcelluloseusingphotocatalysishasnotbeenstudiedindetail.Theteam'sresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofhydrogencanbeproducedusingthismethodwiththehelpofabitofsunlightandacheapcatalyst.Thestudyshowsthatitiseffectivetouserealgrasstakenfromagarden.“Thisisimportantasitavoidstheneedtoseparateandcleanupcellulose,whichcanbebothdifficultandcostly,”saidBowker.Whatareneededtogethydrogenfromgrass?Acatalystandpalladium.B.Waterandcellulose.C.Sunlightandabiopolymer.D.Sunlightandacatalyst.Whyisthenewwayofmakinghydrogenconsideredsignificant?A.Itischeap,greenandsustainable.Itisthebesttoproducetherenewableenergy.Itismoreproductiveandefficientthanothermethods.Itcanreplacethewaytomakefossilfuelscompletely.Whydoesnickelinteresttheresearchersinmakinghydrogenfromcellulose?A.Itcanproducethelargestamountofhydrogen.Itcanavoidseparatingandcleaningupcellulose.Itismorecommonthanothermetalsandcostsless.Itworksquickerthanothermetalsduringphotocatalysis.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusmainlyinthispassage?A.Catalyststhatcouldbetakenfromgrass.Anewwayofmakinghydrogenfromcellulose.Thepotentialofhydrogenasarenewableenergy.Theconnectionbetweenhydrogenandphotocatalysis.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WordtravelsquicklyinthesmallfishingvillageofPortWashington,Wisconsin.SowhenMardyMcGarrywantedtobuildaplaygroundforkidswithspecialneeds,sheknewitwouldn'ttakelongtocreateinterestintheproject.Butsheneverexpectedthatathirdofthetownpeoplewouldjoininit.16“Alotoflearningcomesthroughplay,”saysMcGarry,aspecialeducationteacherfor28years.She'dseenthewoodchipsandsandoftraditionalplaygroundsstopwheelchairsdeadintheirtracks.Whenapieceoflandbecameavailable,thecitycouncilagreedtochooseapartforaplayground._17_Sheaskedclassroomsofkidsfortheirwishlist.Shealsoaskedexpertsforhelp.AndshebroughtonboardherfriendSueMayer,whoseeight-year-oldson,Sam,hasaseriousdisease.HerKiwanisClubchaptercamethroughwith$7,000,andthat'swhenthegrassrootsmovementreallygotstarted.Onewomangave$25,000andhadhercompanydonatethesameamount._18_Thereweresilentauctions（扌白卖）andT-shirtsales.ThelocalPieperFamilyFoundationofferedtodonatehalfoftheremaining$170,000balanceifMcGarrycouldraisetherest.The$450,000coveredmaterials,buttheactualconstructionwouldcostanadditional$900,000.Notachoice.Butthecommunitycouldbuildit.OnSeptember16,2008,thefirstdayofconstruction,theycame.Twowomenheardabouttheprojectontheradioonthewaytoworkandtookthedayofftohelp.19Ten-year-oldssandedsurfaces.Today,PossibilityPlaygroundisoneofthemostpopulardestinationsinOzaukeeCounty.There'sagiantpirateship,arock-climbingwall,highandlowrings,monkeybars,sandboxes,swings,slides,bridgesandsoon.20一It'sexactlywhatMcGarrywanted.Peopleusedtoaskwhyshewantedtobuildaplaygroundjustforchildrenwithdisabilities.“Theydidn'tgetit.It'sonlywhenyoubuildaplaygroundforchildrenwithdisabilitiesthatyoubuildoneforallchildren,”shesaid.Soonsmallerbusinesseswerehelping.Allchildrenplayshouldertoshoulder.Butherstudentsweretoooftenleftout.Everyonethoughtitwasreallyagreatwonder.Acoupleintheir80soperatedtheirowntrucks.McGarrystartedresearchingplayequipmentandcontactingdesignfirms.Theyrolleduptheirsleevesandusedtheirweekdaystobringherideatolife.第二部分语言知识运用（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Ihaddrivenhometocelebratemy38thbirthdaywithmymother.WhenIarrived,Ifoundher21proudlyatthekitchentable,achocolatecakeandtwoboxeswrappedorangeribbon（丝带）infrontofher."Happybirthday!"shesaid,22attheboxes."Openthem."Assheknowsme23thananyone,she'dgottenmeexactlywhatIwanted—runningclothes.I2^_herandthankedherandproceeded（接着）toeatthecake."Toomany25,"Isaid,notreallycaring.“You'llrunthemofftomorrow,"Momsaid.Manyadultchildrenwithaparentsufferingfrom26memorywilltellyoutherewasonedaythat27tothemthattheirrelationshipwiththeirmotherorfatherwouldbeforeverchanged.Formethatday__2^_twoweekslater,whenIdrovebackforanothershort29.Icameuponexactlythesame30:mymomsittingatthekitchentable;achocolatecakerestingnexttotwo31wrappedincurlyribbon.Theribbonwasgreenthistime.Thatwastheonly32"Happybirthday!"mymomsaid.Iwastotally33.What'sgoingon?"Iasked.Momsmiled."Can'tIcelebratemydaughter'sbirthday?"Thiswasno34.Thiswasreallife,andsincemymotherclearlyonlywantedtomakeme35,Ipushedasidemyfearandfulfilledmyroleasthe36daughter.Ihuggedher,thankedherand__3^_theclothes...Ididnotmentiontoherthatwe'ddoneallthistwo38ago.Myhouseisherworldnow.MymotherandIhavethe39conversationroughly10timesaday.40,Iconsideritapleasure,becauseeveryminuteisnewforher.21.A.cookingB.sittingC.singingD.dancing22.A.shoutingB.runningC.staringD.gesturing23.A.earlierB.longerC.betterD.less24.A.paidB.huggedC.comfortedD.ignored25.A.caloriesB.presentsC.decorationsD.candles26.A.sadB.lastingC.failingD.past

A.signaledA.endedA.memoryA.dayA.signaledA.endedA.memoryA.dayA.boxesA.colorA.movedA.pleasureA.happyA.friendlyA.admiredA.daysA.previousA.ThereforeB.addedB.cameB.birthdayB.ideaB.bagsB.choiceB.confusedB.troubleB.shockedB.successfulB.washedB.weeksB.annoyingB.InsteadC.appealedC.changedC.partyC.sceneC.dressesC.attractionC.embarrassedC.trickC.puzzledC.forgetfulC.declinedC.monthsC.onlyC.HowevercontributeddisappearedD.visitcelebrationD.hatsD.differenceD.excitedD.endD.upsetD.gratefulD.wrappedD.yearsD.sameD.Moreover第三部分语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)ZhouShihao,17,fromShanghaiYichuanHighSchool,wasshockedbythestatisticshehadfound.41hewaslookingintotheuseofhandheldcellphonesbydrivers,hefoundthatmorethan30%ofthemreachedfortheirphonesontheroad.“Anyuseofhandhelddevices(设备)should_42一(firm)beforbiddenwhiledriving,”saidZhou.“It'snotadailychore,butaserioussocialissue.”Theteenager'sconcernsledtohisdraftingaproposalonthisissue—something_43_hedidtogetherwithfiveotherschoolmatesintheMockChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConferencecompetitioninthePutuoDistrictofShanghai.Zhouandhisschoolmateswerenotalone.InJanuary,manyShanghaiyoungsters,evenelementaryschoolstudents,tookpartinMockCPPCCcompetitions44(hold)intheirlocaldistrictsandhandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof45(tradition)culture.“Thecompetitionreallyencouragesusstudentstofocusonsocialissuesandplayanactiverole46takingresponsibilityforourcountry,”saidZhangSimin,17,fromShanghaiNanyangHighSchool.Theseniorstudentusedtothinkthatthehandlingofstateaffairswasjustforpoliticians.Butthinkingonthe“3:30problem”changedhermind.Kidsusuallyfinishschoolat3:30.However,mostparentsworkuntil6:00,47(make)ithardforthemtopickkidsup.“Thisisaproblemwe'veallbeenthrough,”saidZhang.Tohelpstudents,Zhang'sschool48(invite)deputies(代表)totheNationalPeople'sCongresstogivestudentsinstruction.“Thankstothedeputies,wefinallyunderstandit'snotwhoistoblamethat_49_(matter),butfindingthebestsolution,”saidZhang.“ThecompetitionaimstoencourageasenseofcitizenshipamongChina'spost-00sgeneration,”saidXiaJing,ateacherfromShanghaiJinyuanSeniorHighSchool.“Throughthischannel,studentscanlettheir50（voice）beheard.”第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题