表语从句详解

表语从句详解表语从句详解表语从句详解xxx公司表语从句详解文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度表语从句详解一、概念表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句.放在系动词之后,一般结构是主语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等.可以接表语从句的系动词有：

（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)

2.

feel

,

seem

,

look,

appear

,sound,

taste

,

smell

3.

stand

,

lie

,

remain

,keep,

stay

4.

become

,get

,

grow

,

turn

,go

,come,

run,

fall

5.

prove,

turn

outThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.引导表语从句的词：从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略.）关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句.that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、是否.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等.表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化.例如：Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.由关系代词引导的表语从句.关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略.例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作.That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事.That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的.由关系副词引导的表语从句.关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义.例如：Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因.Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的.由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了.That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事.Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.注意A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序.False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel. Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外）.引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用whether.引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether.False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致.Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉.基本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词.名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)What

I

told

him

was

that

I

would

find

him

a

good

play.

我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)

That

is

what

I

want

to

tell

you.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)

That

is

why

she

failed

to

pass

the

exam.

那就是她考试不及格的原因.(why

在表语从句中充当原因状语)

注意

That

is

why...是常用句型,意为这就是„„的原因/因此„„,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如：

That

is

why

you

see

this

old

woman

before

you

know,

Jeanne.

珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因.(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括).That

is

why

I

came.

这就是我来的原因.

下面是两个与That

is

why...形式相似的结构,它们与That

is

why...结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：

(1)That

is

why...与That

is

the

reason

why...同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,That

is

the

reason

why...中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的the

reason去掉则与That

is

why...结构一样,例如：

That

is

(the

reason)

why

I

cannot

agree.

这就是我不能同意的理由.

(2)That

is

because...句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为这就是为什么„„/因为„„.That

is

because...与That

is

why...之间的不同在于That

is

because...指原因或理由,That

is

why...则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如：

He

did

not

see

the

film

last

night.

That

is

because

he

had

to

help

his

little

sister

with

her

homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业.(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)

He

had

seen

the

film

before.

That

is

why

he

did

not

see

it

last

night.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看.(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)表语从句与宾语从句的关系

宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句.

宾语从句

(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点

①语序:

从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,

即主语

+

谓语这种形式.

②时态:

当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,

从句可以是任何时态,

而当主句是一般过去时的时候,

从句,

从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,

即(一般过去时,

过去进行时,

过去完成时,

过去将来时).

③连接词:

当从句意思完整,

主句意思肯定时,

连接词用that,

且可以省去,

当从句意思完整,

主句意思不确定或含否定含意时,

常用if或whether(是否),

当从句意思不完整时,

连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.

如：

What

the

police

want

to

know

is

when

you

entered

red

the

room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.

The

trouble

is

that

we

are

short

of

funds困难是我们缺乏资金.

This

is

what

we

should

do这是我们应当做的.

注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序.

as

if,

as

though,

because也可用来引导表语从句.

She

seems

as

if

she

had

done

a

great

thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.It

is

because

you

eat

too

much是因为你吃得太多了.单项选择1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—HewasbornThatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why13．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoffA.whyB.whatC.whenD.where20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show21.SeetheflagsontopofthebuildingThatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich句子翻译1.这就是我想做的

___________________________________________________________________________________2.这房子正是他最需要的东西.

_________________________________________________________________________3.这就是Henry

怎样解决问题的

________________________________________________________________________4.问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务

_______________________________________________________________________5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的

________________________________________________________________6.他迟到的原因是交通拥堵.

_____________________________________________________________________________7.事实是他对我撒谎了.__________________________________________________________________________________8.

You

are

saying

that

everyone

should

be

equal,

and

this

is

_____________________________________________

.

(disagree)

你一直说每个人应该是平等的这就是我不同意之处.

coat

is

still

_______________________________________________

.

(where)

你的外套仍然在你放的地方.

had

neither

a

raincoat

nor

an

umbrella.

That

is

_________________________________________

through.

(get)

我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞.这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因.

11.

It

sounds

____________________________________________________

the

door.(as

if)

听起来好像某人正在敲门.

12.

It

seems

______________________________

interested

in

Henry.

(become)

好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣.

last

time

we

had

great

fun

was

_____________________________________________________

the

Water

Park.(visit)

上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候.

that/what的区别

1．_______your

father

wants

to

know

is________

getting

on

with

your

studies.

A.

What;

how

are

you

B.

That；how

you

are

C.

How；that

you

are

D.

What；how

you

are

2.

The

trouble

is__________we

are

short

of

tools.

A.

what

B.

that

C.

how

D.

why

that

3.

America

was

__________was

first

called

India

by

Columbus.

A.

what

B.

where

C.

the

place

D.

there

where

4.

China

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.

It

is

no

longer_________

.

A.

what

it

used

to

be

B.

what

it

was

used

to

being

C.

what

it

used

to

being

D.

what

it

was

used

to

be

5.

________he

really

means

is

________he

disagrees

with

us.

A.

What

…

that

B.

That

…

what

C.

What

…

what

D.

That

…

what

6.

The

energy

is

________

makes

the

cells

able

to

do

their

work.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

what

D.

such

系动词分类：

一、根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be,

seem）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）

例如：1）

He

looked

sadly

at

the

boy.(看着，实义动词用法)

He

looks

a

clever

boy

.（看起来，系动词用法）

2）

He

looks

at

a

clever

boy.（看着，实义动词用法）

在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法.

二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：

A．五大感官系动词

B．状态系动词C．动态系动词

D．双谓语系动词

A．五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质.由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词.

1．look看起来像是，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等.

The

girl

bit

her

lips

and

looked

thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思.

2．smell闻起来，后接adj.分词.

The

flowers

smell

sweet.

这些花气味真香.

3．sound听起来，后接adj.\分词.

The

music

sounds

sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳.

4．taste尝起来，后接adj.\分词.The

apples

taste

very

good.

这些苹果很好吃.

5．Feel

①摸起来，给……感觉；②觉得，后接adj./.

You

will

feel

better

after

a

night’s

sleep.

睡上一晚，你会觉得好些.

B．状态系动词：

1．be，是，属完全系动词.

I

am

a

student.

我是一个学生.

2．seem,似乎，好像，完全系动词.

They

seem

quite

happy.

他们似乎很快乐.

3．appear,显得，看起来好像，半系动词.

It

appeared(to

be)a

true

story.看来这是一个真实的故事.

4．keep,

保持……的状态，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语.

You’d

better

go

to

bed

and

keep

warm.

你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.

5．remain,仍是，半系动词.

I

remained

silent.

我仍然缄默.

6．stay保持（某种状态），半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词.

The

window

stayed

open

all

the

night.

证明是，半系动词，后接adj.\n.

The

treatment

proved

to

be

successful.

这种疗法证明是成功的.

C．动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程.

1．get变成，变得……起来，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语.

The

days

are

getting

longer

and

longer.

白天变得越来越长了.

2．fall进入（某种状态），成为，后常接以下形容词：

asleep,

lame,

silent,

ill,

sick,

flat.

The

old

men,

unable

to

express

himself,

fell

silent.

那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了.

My

father

fell

ill

and

died.

我的父亲生病死了.

3．grow渐渐变得……起来，长得

It’s

growing

warm.

天气渐渐暖和起来了.

4．turn转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）.Maple

trees

turn

red

in

autumn.

枫叶在秋天变红了.

It

was

cloudy

this

morning,

but

fortunately

it

has

turned

fine.

今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了.

5．go，变成（某种坏的状态）

The

telephone

has

gone

dead.

电话不通了.

The

material

has

gone

a

funny

colour.

这料子的颜色变得奇怪了.

go之后常接的adj.

还有：bad,

blind,

wild,

wrong,

sour,

hard,

hungry,

mad,

red,

with,

anger,

white,

pale,

blue,

grey.

6．become变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）

I

became

interested

in

drawing.

我开始对素描感兴趣了.

He

became

angry

with

me.

他对我生气了.

They

became

good

friends.

他们成了好朋友.

7．come，变成为（已知的状态），证实为，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化.

His

wish

to

become

a

pilot

has

come

true.

他想当飞行员的愿望实现了.

If

you

look

into

the

matter,

everything

will

come

clear.

如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚.

后面常接的形容词还有：apart,

dear（昂贵），natural,

open,

short,

right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）.

8．run,变成，后接adj.

The

price

ran

high.

价格上升了.

9．make，达到某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure,

certain,

merry,

bold,

free

We

must

make

certain

of

facts.我们一定要弄清事实.

D．双谓语系动词

此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义.

例如：The

run

rose

red.太阳升起红艳艳.

She

stopped

and

stood

quite

still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着.

The

snow

lay

thick

on

the

ground.

雪厚厚地堆积在地上.He

married

young.

他结婚很早.

Lei

Feng

died

young.雷锋早逝.

He

continued

silent.他继续沉默不语.

系动词单项选择题

①The

story

sounds_________________(MET

89)

A.

to

be

true

B.

as

true

C.

being

true

D.

true

②Those

oranges

taste__________(MET

91)

A.

good

B.

well

C.

to

be

good

D.

to

be

well

③---Are

you

feeling________

---Yes,

I’m

fine

now/(NMET92)

A.

any

well

B.

any

better

C.

quite

good

D.

quite

better

④----Can

I

join

the

club,

Dad.

----You

can

when

you

_________a

bit

older.(NMET

94)

A.

get

B.

will

get

C.

get

D.

will

have

got

⑤---Do

you

like

the

material

----Yes,

it

_______very

soft.(NMET

94)

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

⑥I

love

to

go

to

the

seaside

on

Summer.

It_____

good

to

lie

in

the

sun

or

swim

in

the

cool

sea.(NMET

96)

A.

does

B.

feels

C.

gets

D.

makes

⑦Cleaning

women

in

big

cities

usually

get

_______by

the

hour.(NMET

98)

A.

pay

B.

paying

C.

paid

D.

to

pay

⑧Why

don’t

you

put

the

meat

in

the

fridge

It

will

_____

for

several

days.(NMET2003）

A.

be

stayed

B.

stay

C.

be

staying

D.

have

stayed

系动词巩固练习

①What

you

have

said_______.

A．is

sounded

interesting

B

sounds

interesting

C．sound

interested

D．listens

interested

②The

class

begins.

Please

keep________.

A．silent

B．silence

C．the

silence