考研考博-英语-宁波诺丁汉大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波诺丁汉大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforthere______problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

问题1选项

A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻一代与老一代之间的交流存在问题，这种情况非常罕见。此处是therebe句型，根据句子结构，可知此处并不缺少谓语动词，因而只能使用非谓语动词，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

问题1选项

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事长了。

语法题。考查冠词。根据冠词的语法规则,职位前不加冠词。而且appoint是及物动词,后面直接接宾语president。故选B.

3.单选题

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong（

）tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

问题1选项

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。toowell“太多；太好”，其在这里与空格后的to构成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配，这与句意不符；sowell“这么好；如此……以至”，需要后接to引导的不定式时，—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”；没有wellas的短语，一般有aswellas“也；和…….一样”的词组；wellenough“很好，很健康，还可以，好到”，其在这里与空格后的to构成wellenoughtodosth.“足够去做某事”的短语。根据“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度过他们的大部分时间”以及词组确定句意是‘这种解决方案只适用于个体经营、没有小孩且能和睦相处地一起度过他们的大部分时间的夫妻。’所以D选项正确。

4.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段，否则你无法做到这一点）可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”；A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”，B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层，他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间）可知选B选项“40多岁的人”；A选项“年轻人经常换工作”，C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看来，两代人之间的差异不是一个问题，而是一个机会）可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题，不如说是一个机会”；A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”，B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及；根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同，但基本上这四个阶段是入门，成长，成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理，我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值）可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性，D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛，表现出色，并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力）可知选A选项“入门阶段”；B“增长阶段”，C选项“成熟阶段”，D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到，而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质，即智慧和经验）可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧，经验和负担能力”，同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符；A选项“他们善于推销自己”，B选项“他们很听话，很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulness.Broadlyspeaking,thesleephoursnormally（）withthehoursofdarkness.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.coincide

C.collide

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。conformwith符合，与...一致；coincidewith符合，与...一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collidewith冲突；complywith遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说，睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。

6.单选题

Anabstractis（

）

formofanacademicarticle.Manyjournalspublishabstractssoreaderscandecideifitisworthwhiletoreadthefullversionofthearticle.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.comprehensive

C.concrete

D.conceptual

【答案】A

【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Anotherbigissue（）thenationistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.

问题1选项

A.confining

B.confirming

C.conforming

D.confronting

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。confine限制，局限；confirm确认，批准；conform符合，遵守；confront面临，遭遇。句意：这个国家面临的另一大问题是公民的教育问题。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe____concernofstategovernment.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项extinct“灭绝的”；B选项excluding“不包括”；C选项excessive“过多的，极度的”；D选项exclusive“独有的；排外的”。句意：一般来说，完全在州界内的事务是州政府的____关注。本句要表达的是，州界内的事务是州政府应该关注的事，D选项exclusive“独有的；排外的”最符合句意。B选项excluding是介词，原文缺少一个形容词，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

9.单选题

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

问题1选项

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的______，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Everybodyknowsthattheearthisspherical,______?

问题1选项

A.doesn’the

B.doesn’tshe

C.don’tthey

D.doesn’tit

【答案】C

【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：每个人都知道地球是球形的，不是吗？当陈述句的主语是everybody时，反义疑问句的主语用they。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Georgewas（）frommilitaryservicewhilehewasstillinschool.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.exempted

D.stopped

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevented“阻止；避免”；B选项restrained“抑制；约束”；C选项exempted“免除；豁免”；D选项stopped“停止；终止”。句意：乔治还在学校的时候就被……服兵役。militaryservice“兵役”，服兵役是一项责任。exempt做形容词有被免除责任和义务的意思，而且exemptsb.fromsth.为固定搭配，意为“免除某人某事”。因此C选项符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（疟疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（杀虫剂）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.

Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.

Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.

61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat（）.

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan（）.

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause（）.

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto（）.

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

问题1选项

A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas

B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides

C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease

D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear

问题2选项

A.starttoeliminatemalaria

B.cureparasiticblooddiseases

C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites

D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria

问题3选项

A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange

B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice

C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired

D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs

问题4选项

A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.

B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.

C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.

D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.

问题5选项

A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs

B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes

C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes

D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒数第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”，由于耐药性和人口变化，疟疾现在实际上比20年前更流行。由此可知，疟疾的流行与其耐药性有关。A选项“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”，意为“更多的人搬到疟疾感染地区”，这是疟疾变得更流行后的结果，它导致了更多的人住在疟疾感染地区；B选项“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意为“蚊子已对杀虫剂产生了抗药性”，蚊子就是疟疾的传播者，蚊子对杀虫剂产生耐药性，所以疟疾传播得更广；C选项“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意为“转基因蚊子仍然传播这种疾病”，原文中科学家们试图通过转基因的蚊子来消灭疟疾，这些转基因蚊子是不能传播疾病的；D选项“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意为“蚊子每年叮咬多达5亿人”，这是现状不是导致的原因。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”，兰萨罗和他的同事们正在计划一个长期的项目来制造抗疟疾的蚊子，他认为他们可以在5年内做到。由此可知，兰萨罗正计划消灭疟疾。A选项“starttoeliminatemalaria”，意为“开始消灭疟疾”，与原文相符；B选项“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意为“治疗寄生虫性血液病”，与原文不符，兰萨罗不是治疗疾病而是寻找消灭疟疾的办法；C选项“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意为“防止老鼠传播寄生虫”，与原文不符，原文中是蚊子不会传播寄生虫给老鼠；D选项“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意为“获得抗疟疾免疫力”，原文并未提及抗疟疾免疫力。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”，他指出，科学家已经成功地对蚊子进行了基因改造，使它们不会将疟疾传播给鸟类和老鼠。由此可知，科学家在鸟类和老鼠身上已经取得了成功，蚊子不会传播寄生虫到它们身上。A选项“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”，意为“蚊子的自然数量不会改变”，原文未提及蚊子数量的变化；B选项“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意为“科学家已经在鸟类和老鼠身上取得了成功”，与原文相符；C选项“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意为“外来基因总是去需要它们的地方”，与原文不符，原文是让外来基因进入蚊子体内；D选项“lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意为“实验室饲养的蚊子不会对药物产生抗药性”，原文并未提及实验室蚊子的抗药性。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:事实细节题。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”，兰萨罗说，科学上最困难的部分是弄清楚如何让实验室改造的蚊子将它们的基因传播到自然种群中。由此可知，将抗疟疾基因传播到蚊子的自然种群中是兰萨罗面对的难题。A选项“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”，意为“将抗疟疾基因传播到天然蚊子种群中”，与原文相符；B选项“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意为“培育抗疟疾的蚊子”，原文中实验室已经培育出抗疟疾的蚊子；C选项“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意为“制造阻止疟疾传播的基因”，与原文不符，原文中实验室已经能制造抗疟疾的基因；D选项“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意为“识别抗疟疾基因”，原文中实验室可以将抗疟疾基因插入蚊子胚胎，说明识别抗疟疾基因不是难题。因此A选项符合题意。

第5题:判断推理题。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”，兰萨罗说，他有一个更好的方法来阻止疟疾的传播：对蚊子进行基因改造，使它们无法携带这种疾病。由此可知，改变蚊子的基因，使它们携带抗疟疾基因是阻止疟疾传播的有效办法。C选项“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意为“改变蚊子的基因组成”与原文相符。A选项“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”，意为“开发新的抗疟疾药物”，B选项“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意为“生产有效的杀虫剂杀死蚊子”和D选项“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意为“将人移出疟疾感染地区”，这三种办法原文均没有提及。因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thegoals（）hehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.

问题1选项

A.afterwhich

B.withwhich

C.forwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。这是一个介词+代词引导的定语从句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介词搭配，fightafter“在……之后战斗”；fightwith“与……一起战斗”；fightfor“为……而战，而奋斗”。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他不再重要了。forwhichhehadfought做goals的定语，将fightfor搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。

14.单选题

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

问题1选项

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

问题2选项

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

问题3选项

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

问题4选项

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

问题5选项

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程，所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误，这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。），可知他们自己决定怎样行动，D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”：根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次远征是在1578年，并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权），可知不是伊丽莎白女王要求的，故错误。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试，都失败了，可知进展不顺利，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次远征……被西班牙击退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终，当时吉尔伯特和他的船在一场风暴中丧生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交战，而非两次，吉尔伯特死于1583年，故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误；吉尔伯特两次以失败告终，没有到达北美，A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”：根据第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。），可知是个人而非公司得到专利权，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国），可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”：根据文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士……赞助了一次探险，探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亚是沃特•罗利叫的，而不是大家这么叫，也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国，但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。），可知第一批殖民者回到英国，第二批殖民者不知道具体情况，C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确，A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了，回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Ingeneral，matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe（）concernofstategov-ernments.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:—般来说，国家边境问题是政府（）关心的问题。

extinct灭绝的；excluding除…外，不包括;excessive过度的，过分的;exclusive独有的，专一的。D项exclusive独有的，专一的符合句意，在这里表示“专门的,特别的”。

16.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。testify“作证;证明”;charge“充电；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在该案件中作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。由后半句内容以及witnesses“证人”知A项“作证”正确。

17.单选题

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“渗透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,弥漫”;perish“使麻木,毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间,她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughtsarecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincethe