考研考博-英语-三峡大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三峡大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.翻译题

人们不会再建造大学校，而是会缩减现今存在的学校的规模以满足不断变化的学生需求，这些学生愿意把很多时间花在不到校学习上。随着每天到校的学生越来越少，需要的设备也就越来越少，那么，在设备上的投资也就越来越少，设备的价值很快也就丧失了。教育机构的电脑会被连接到能提供几乎是没有限制的计算能力和不断更新的软件的网络上。在科技和基础设施上节省下来的资金会被用到为所有学生提供更好的教学设施，通过掌上电脑给所有学生提供可以进入到计算机网络中心的接入口。学生将用这些掌上电脑完成所有的学习任务，上传和下载信息，打印报告，进入网络，还有就是存储他们研究的结果。

不公正并不会在2010年就消失。然而，无论是因为经济等级，还是精神或体格的需要，富人和穷人之间的不平等会直接通过政策，管理和经济上的优先权加以削弱。这些优先权会促使将用于建筑和管理的费用转向以学生为驱动的费用，即为所有的学生准备可以进入到先进学习环境的必备的学习工具。所有的学生都将有机会让他们自己为充满竞争的新经济社会做好准备。教育机会不再会因为个人出身低或是没有资源而被损失掉。

社区会在教育中扮演更为重要的角色。当地的企业会在学生的专业实习准备中发挥重要的作用。这些企业如果在此活动中表现突出的话，可以接受税务减免。

【答案】【参考译文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear20102.单选题

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revive“复兴；苏醒”；persist“坚持”；intensify“增强，变激烈”；flag“减退”。句意：几个月后，尽管Johnson和Smith对律师事务所中那些运用手段图谋权力的人的最初着迷减退了，但是这两个人对于确定谁应该是他们的午餐伙伴的问题上非常重视。由Although和initialfascination可知空格处所填单词应与initialfascination形成对比，故D项“减退”正确。

3.单选题

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

问题1选项

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

问题2选项

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

C.Ordersforthemareeasilytobecancelled.

D.Industriesofthemmaybelesssustainable.

问题3选项

A.Ordersfordurablegoodsareaffectedbybadweatherindeed.

B.Decreaseofordersfordurablegoodsiscausedbydiseasespread.

C.Slumpofdurablegoodsindustriesstartedearlierthanthought.

D.Thenewdatamaynothaverevealedtherealityoftheindustries.

问题4选项

A.ThestrongdollarmakesAmericanproductslessattractive.

B.Consumersarenotwillingtospendmoreondurablegoods.

C.Companiesdarenotacceptthecapitalinvestmentfrombanks.

D.Theconditionsofgeneraleconomicgrowtharenotpresent.

问题5选项

A.Quiteconfident.

B.Fairlyanxious.

C.Abitconfused.

D.Verypessimistic.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。第二段“WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.我们之前认为，尽管美国制造业近年来出现了复苏，但这不是可持续的。”可知美国制造业的复苏可能会很快结束。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第四段“Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.然而，建立在少数可持续产业基础上的复苏是不可持续的。这是因为，当被压抑的需求得到满足时，一些大型行业将会遭殃。总产出可能会停滞。”

3.推理判断题。由第五段“AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,‘themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.’正如咨询公司CapitalEconomics的经济学家所言，‘更大范围的低靡从去年秋天开始。事实上，自去年10月以来，核心订单逐月下降。’”可知耐用产品产业的衰落比想象中要开始得早。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.罪魁祸首显然是美元走强。因为它使得制造业出口（约占美国出口总额的一半）更加昂贵。”可知A项“强势美元降低了美国产品的吸引力”正确。

5.观点态度题。由最后一段“ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.这对美国制造业，甚至整个经济增长来说都不是好兆头。”可知作者对美国制造业的态度是非常担忧的。故B项正确。

4.单选题

Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.theoretical

C.definite

D.alternative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。potential“潜在的，可能的”；theoretical“理论的；理论上的”；definite“一定的，确切的”；alternative“供选择的；选择性的”。句意：也许令人惊讶的是，对出国旅游的游客来说，最大的潜在健康风险实际上是道路交通事故。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

问题1选项

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项isusedto和B选项wasusedto均表示“习惯于……；习惯”；C选项usedto意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；D选项hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成时。句意：约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此C选项正确。

6.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到大多数黑人的同情与支持。现在不是浪漫幻想的时候。如果不能认识到这一点，我们将会得出无法解决困难的方法、无法回答疑问的答案与无法阐释问题的解释。

7.单选题

InmyOpinion,agooddealofthe（）fortheirsuccessmustgotoJohnFrancis,thecaptain.

问题1选项

A.reputation

B.respect

C.credit

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reputation“名声，名誉”；respect“尊重”；credit“功劳；信誉”；compliment“赞美”。句意：在我看来，他们的成功主要归功于他们的队长约翰。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

问题1选项

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。convey动词，“传达，运输”；verbal“口头的，言语的”；optimistic“乐观的”；authentic“真正的”。根据下文“她能准确地复述她母亲讲给她听的故事”，说明孩子的口头记忆很好，所以选项B正确。

9.单选题

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

问题1选项

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B选项dull“钝的；迟钝的；无趣的；呆滞的”；C选项obscure“昏暗的；晦涩的；不清楚的；隐蔽的”；D选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的”。句意：她对她诗人朋友的提及尽管令人关注，但是却太晦涩而没有人能理解。根据句中“buttoo但是却太”可知“晦涩的”符合语境，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ultimate“最终的，极限的”；B选项utmost“极度的，最远的”；C选项superior“上级的，优秀的，出众的”；D选项supreme“最高的，极大的”。句意：众所周知，教皇是罗马天主教会的最高领袖。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

11.单选题

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

问题1选项

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cumulative累积的，渐增的；formidable可怕的，强大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective预期的，未来的。句意：尽管突发的大灾难是瞬间的，然而其他灾难，比如干旱却是___。由whereas表示对比关系可知此空应选与“instantaneous即刻的，即时的”意思相反的词，故A项“累积的”符合题意，答案A

12.单选题

Itwas（

）thelasttimearoundthetrack（

）Ireallykickeditin—passingthegossipinggirlfriends,blockingoutthewhistlesofboyswhohadalreadycompletedtheirrunandnowwerehangingoutonthegrassyhill,Iran---pushinghard,breathingshallowly,knowingfullwellthatIwasgoingtohavetohearaboutitfrommydisapprovingfriendsforthenextfewdays.

问题1选项

A.notuntil...when

B.notuntil...that

C.until...when

D.until...that

【答案】B

【解析】由选项及题干可知本题考查“not…until…”强调句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”，因此B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

问题1选项

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

问题2选项

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

问题3选项

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

问题4选项

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

问题5选项

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。根据第一段的内容可知第一句为本段的中心句。作者列举McKendrick和Plumb是为了说明他们做了相关的研究发现了人们对奢侈商品和服务需求的增加。所以选项C正确。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有实际消费者写的相关私人资料才能让人精确掌握"他想要什么"。选项B符合原文。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了劳动人民对资本主义消费方式的抵抗情绪。所以选项D敌对的，符合原文。

第4题:信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容可知，本段主要就“消费者为什么变得那么急于购物”的原因展开，作者提到两个原因但给出了自己的质疑，随后给出自己的见解，即作者认为人们喜爱购物是一种自我满足的形式。所以选项B正确。

第5题:信息推断题。题干中的"thecontemporaryworld"与最后一段中的"ourownworld"同义。所以根据最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世纪英国对那些有用的琐碎商品及服务的不知足预示了我们目前这个世界的特征。所以选项D共同点在于他们对不同商品的强烈追求，符合原文。

14.单选题

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。takeoff“起飞；离开”；keepoff“让开；不接近”；getoff“动身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根据医生的说法，如果一个人能远离烟酒，他会更健康。选项B符合题意。

15.翻译题

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】现在，我们眼前又进行着类似的运动。资产阶级的生产关系和交换关系，资产阶级的所有制关系，这个曾经仿佛用法术创造了如此庞大的生产资料和交换手段的现代资产阶级社会，现在像一个魔法师一样不能再支配自己用法术呼唤出来的魔鬼了。几十年来的工业和商业的历史，只不过是现代生产力反抗现代生产关系、反抗作为资产阶级及其统治的存在条件的所有制关系的历史。只要指出在周期性的重复中越来越危及整个资产阶级社会生存的商业危机就够了。在商业危机期间，总是不仅有很大一部分制成的产品被毁灭掉，而且有很大一部分已经造成的生产力被毁灭掉。在危机期间，发生一种在过去一切时代看来都好像是荒唐现象的社会瘟疫，即生产过剩的瘟疫。社会突然发现自己回到了一时的野蛮状态：仿佛是一次饥荒、一场普遍的毁灭性战争，使社会失去了全部生活资料；仿佛是工业和商业全被毁灭了，——这是什么缘故呢？因为社会上文明过度，生活资料太多，工业和商业太发达。社会所拥有的生产力已经不能再促进资产阶级文明和资产阶级所有制关系的发展；相反，生产力已经强大到这种关系所不能适应的地步，它已经受到这种关系的阻碍；而它一着手克服这种障碍，就使整个资产阶级社会陷入混乱，就使资产阶级所有制的存在受到威胁。资产阶级的关系已经太狭窄了，再容纳不了它本身所造成的财富了。——资产阶级用什么办法来克服这种危机呢？一方面不得不消灭大量生产力，另一方面夺取新的市场，更加彻底地利用旧的市场。这究竟是怎样的一种办法呢？这不过是资产阶级准备更全面更猛烈的危机的办法，不过是使防止危机的手段越来越少的办法。

16.单选题

Mr.Whiteisovereighty,buthestill______hispositionaschairmanoftheboardandwillnotretire.

问题1选项

A.goesinfor

B.getsonwith

C.fallsbackon

D.holdsonto

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.goesinfor参加，追求B.getsonwith在……获得成功，与……友好相处

C.fallsbackon求助于，回头再说D.holdsonto坚持，抓住不放

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】由空格后的hisposition（他的职位）可知，四个选项只有D项符合，表示“保留职位”。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合句意。

【句意】怀特先生已经八十多岁了，但他仍然保留着董事长的职位，不会退休。

17.单选题

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

问题1选项

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。moderately“适度地，有节制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物学上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在现代社会，人们经常感觉生理上是舒服的，但却遭遇心理上的问题。由but可知其前后内容性质相反，前面提到生理，故空格处应该填心理上地。

18.单选题

The（

）languageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.lively

C.indecent

D.humorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项artificial“人工的，人造的”；B选项lively“精力充沛的，生气勃勃的”；C选项indecent“不得体的，不合适的，粗鄙的”；D选项humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由veryignorantandrude（非常无知和粗鲁）可知地方官员的语言应该是“不得体的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官员的不得体语言使他们显得非常无知和粗鲁。

19.单选题

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

问题1选项

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fashions“时尚；时装；样式；方式；时髦人物”；B选项frontiers“前沿；边界；国境”；C选项facets“面；方面；小平面”；D选项formats“格式；版式；开本”。句意：这本书大致介绍了这些根本的信仰和价值观对美国人生活各个重要层面的影响。因此C选项正确。

20.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

许多人质疑跨国婚姻的稳定性。这种质疑让我觉得疑惑，因为如果你停下来想一想美国的离婚问题，你会想到大多数破裂的婚姻都是土生土长的美国人之间的。当然，我并不认为有任何统计数据可以表明，跨国婚姻比传统婚姻更容易走向离婚。我对婚姻的不稳定和婚姻中的国籍差异之间是否有任何有意义的关系是十分怀疑的。

在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的感受会经历四个感知领域的细微变化。第一，是我们内心对自己和他人的看法。第二，是我们在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我们对时间的感知。最后，是我们对自己的精力和活力的直觉变化。这些都是朦胧的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，并影响着我们采取行动前的各种决定。

这里有很多因素值得关注。当主要的决策者和经济学家们谈到蓬勃发展的全球经济和自由贸易的好处时，他们往往忽视了那些失败者。微软和波音的首席执行官都是赢家，他们将联合担任这次世界贸易组织西雅图会议接待委员会的主席。但已经形成的全球化形式增加了贫富国家之间的差距。

21.单选题

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

问题1选项

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（）。Divergedfrom为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。

22.单选题

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicine