2022年数控技术的中英文翻译

..精品文本精品文本.精品文本毕业设计〔论文〕中英文参考资料资料名称数控技术的开展与维修系别机电工程系专业数控技术班级数控0801姓名杨忠指导教师张宁菊2021年11月DevelopmentandmaintenanceofCNCtechnologyNumericalcontroltechnologyandequipmentisthedevelopmentofnewhigh-techindustryandcutting-edgeenablingtechnology,industryandthemostbasicequipment.Theworldinformationindustry,biologicalindustry,aviation,aerospaceandotherdefenseindustrywidelyusednumericaltechniquestoimprovemanufacturingcapacityandlevel,toimprovetheadaptabilityofthemarketandcompetitiveness.IndustrialcountriesandCNCnumericalcontroltechnologyandequipmentwillalsobelistedascountriesofstrategicmaterials,notonlytodeveloptheirownnumericalcontroltechnologyandindustry,andin"sophisticated"technologyandequipment,numericalcontrolkeyaspectsofthepolicyofclosuresandrestrictions.Therefore,effortstodevelopadvancednumericalcontroltechnologyasthecoremanufacturingtechnologyhasbecometheworld'sdevelopedcountriestoaccelerateeconomicdevelopment,enhancethecomprehensivenationalstrengthandanimportantwaytostatehood.

PartI:thedevelopmentofCNCmachinetoolstrendsinindividual

1.Highspeed,highaccuracy,highreliability

Highspeed:Toimprovethespeedandincreasefeedspindlespeed.

Highprecision:theprecisionfrommicrontosub-micronlevel,andeventhenano-level(highreliability:thereliabilityofnumericalcontrolsystemgenerallyhigherthanthereliabilityofnumericalcontrolequipmentmorethananorderofmagnitude,butnotthehigherthebetterreliabilitybecausethegoodsbythecostperformanceconstraints.

2.Composite

CompositefunctionCNCmachinetooldevelopment,itscoreisinasinglemachinetocompletetheturning,milling,drilling,tapping,reamingandreamingandotheroperatingprocedures,therebyincreasingtheefficiencyandprecisionmachinetoolstoimproveproductionflexibility.

3.Intelligent

Intelligentcontentincludedinallaspectsofthenumericalcontrolsystem:thepursuitofprocessingefficiencyandprocessingqualityofintelligence;toimprovetheperformanceandtheuseofconvenientconnectionsandotheraspectsofintelligence;simplifyprogramming,simplifyingoperationalintelligence;alsoliketheintelligentautomaticprogramming,intelligentman-machineinterface,aswellasintelligentdiagnostics,intelligentmonitoringandotheraspects,tofacilitatesystemdiagnosticsandmaintenance.

4.Flexible,integrated

TheworldofCNCmachinetoolstothedevelopmenttrendofflexibleautomationsystemsare:fromthepoint(CNCsingle,compositemachiningcentersandCNCmachinetools),line(FMC,FMS,FTL,FML)tothesurface(SectionworkshopindependentmanufacturingislandFA),body(CIMS,distributednetworkintegratedmanufacturingsystem)direction,theothertofocusonappliedandeconomicdirection.Flexibleautomationtechnologyistheindustrytoadapttodynamicmarketdemandsandquicklyupdatetheprimarymeansofproductisthemaintrendofnationalmanufacturingindustryisthebasisforthefieldofadvancedmanufacturingtechnology.

Second,personalizationistheadaptabilityofthemarkettrends

Today'smarket,graduallyformedthepatternofinternationalcooperation,theproductsbecomingmorecompetitive,efficientandaccurateprocessingoftheescalatingdemandmeans,theuser'sindividualrequirementsbecomeincreasinglystrong,professional,specialization,moreandmorehigh-techmachinetoolsbytheusersofallages.

Third,theopenarchitecturetrendis

ThecoreofanewgenerationofCNCsystemdevelopmentisopen.Opensoftwareplatformandhardwareplatformsareopensystems,modular,hierarchicalstructure,andthroughouttheformtoprovideaunifiedapplicationinterface.

CNCsystemtoaddresstheclosureofthetraditionalCNCapplicationsandindustrialproductionproblems.Atpresent,manycountriesofopenCNCsystem,CNCsystemhasbecomeanopennumericalcontrolsystemofthefutureoftheroad.Theopennumericalcontrolsystemarchitecturespecification,communicationspecifications,configurationspecifications,operatingplatform,functionlibrariesandCNCnumericalcontrolsystemsoftwaredevelopmenttools,systemfunctionisthecoreofthecurrentstudy.Networknumericalcontrolequipmentisnearlytwoyearsofanewfocus.NCnetworkequipmentwillgreatlysatisfytheproductionlines,manufacturingsystems,manufacturinginformationintegrationneedsofenterprises,butalsoachievenewmanufacturingmodel,suchasagilemanufacturing,virtualenterprises,globalmanufacturingthebaseunit.Somewell-knownathomeandabroad,andCNCCNCmachinetoolsmanufacturingcompanyin

PartII:MachineMaintenance

CNCmachinetoolsiselectronictechnology,measurementtechnology,automationtechnology,semiconductortechnology,computertechnologyandelectricaltechnology,andintegratedsetofautomationequipment,highprecision,highefficiencyandhighflexibility.CNCmachinetoolsisaprocesscontrolequipmentandaskedhiminreal-timecontroloftheaccuracyofeverymomentofwork,anypartofthefaultandfailure,sothatthemachinewillshutdown,resultinginproductionstoppages,whichseriouslyaffectedandrestrictedtheproductionefficiency.CNCmachinetoolsinmanyindustriestoworkthedeviceiscritical,ifnotafterafailureinitsmaintenanceandtroubleshootingtime,itwillcausegreatereconomiclosses.Therefore,theprinciplethatcomplexnumericalcontrolsystem,structure,maintenanceofsophisticatedequipmentisnecessary.CNCmachinetoolstoenhancefaultdiagnosisandmaintenanceofpower,canimprovethereliabilityofCNCmachinetools,CNCmachinetoolsisconducivetothepromotionanduse.

CNCmachinetoolsisamechanical,electrical,hydraulic,gascombinationofcomplexequipment,thoughthereasonsforfailurevary,butthefailureoccurred,thegeneralideaofthestepsarethesame.Fails,SpindlestartbelowtostopimmediatelyafterthefaultdiagnosisofCNCmachinetoolsasanexamplethegeneralprocess.

First,thefault-siteinvestigation.Thesurveycontentincludes1,2typesoffailure,thefailurefrequencyof3,4,externalconditions,theoperatingconditions5,6,machineconditions,thefunctioningof7,wiringbetweenmachinetoolsandsystems8,CNCequipmentvisualinspection.Afteraninvestigation,suchfailureisspindleclassfailure,onlyonce,outsideofallnormal,theoperatorofaboottoreflectthissituation.

Second,thefaultinformationcollation,analysis.Forsomesimplefault,becausenotalotoftime,themethodcanbeusedformoflogicalreasoning,analysis,identificationandtroubleshooting.Afterafailedon-siteinvestigationforseveralreasonswesuspectthatthesystemoutputpulse①②driveisnotenoughtimetomovethestatelinetocontrolthespindlecomponents③④damagetothespindlemotorshort-circuit,causingthespindlethermalrelayprotection⑤notwithself-controllooplockcircuits,andtheparameterissettopulsesignaloutput,sothatthespindlecannotoperatenormally.Identifypossiblereasonstoruleoutonebyone.

Third,conductfaultdiagnosisandtroubleshooting.

Diagnosisusuallyfollowsthefollowingprinciples:1,afterthefirstoutsideinside.ReliablelineofmodernCNCsystemincreasinglyhighfailurerateofCNCsystemitselflessandless,andmostarenon-occurrenceoffailurecausesthesystemitself.TheCNCmachineisamechanical,hydraulic,electricalasoneofthetools,theoccurrenceofthefaultwillbereflectedbythesethreecomprehensive,maintenancepersonnelshouldbefromoutsidetoinsideonebyoneinvestigationtoavoidarbitraryunsealed,demolition,otherwiseexpandthemalfunction,sothatthelossofprecisionmachinetools,slowperformance,outsidethesystemdetectedthefaultisduetoopenonebyone,hydrauliccomponents,pneumaticcomponents,electricalactuators,mechanicaldevicescausedproblems.2,thefirstaftertheelectricalmachinery.Ingeneral,themechanicalfailureeasiertofind,andnumericalcontrolsystemandelectricalfaultdiagnosismoredifficult,beforethetroubleshootingtoruleoutmechanicalfailureofthefirst3,afterthefirststaticdynamic.Poweroffthemachinefirst,quiescentstate,throughunderstanding,observation,testing,analysis,confirmthepowerfailurewillnotresultinexpansionoftheincidentonlyafterthepowertothemachine,runthestate,thedynamicofobservation,inspectionandtesting,tofindfault.Whileafterthedevastatingpowerfailure,youmustfirstruleoutthedanger,beforeelectricity.4,afterthefirstsimpleandcomplex.Whenmultiplefailuresareintertwined,andsometimesimpossibletostartwith,weshouldfirstsolvetheproblemeasily,thensolvethedifficultproblem,oftenasimpleproblemtosolve,thedifficultyoftheproblemmayalsobecomeeasier.

CNCmachinetoolsinthefaultdetectionprocess,shouldmakefulluseofnumericalcontrolsystemself-diagnosticfeaturestobejudged,butalsoflexibilityintheuseofsomecommontroubleshootingmethods.Troubleshootingcommonmethodsare:

1.Routineexaminationmethod

Routineexaminationmethodismainlyofhands,eyes,ears,noseandotherorgansofthefaultoccurrenceofvariouslight,sound,smellandabnormalobservationsandcarefullookateverysystem,followthe"firstpostoutsideof"theprincipleoffaultdiagnosisbylooking,listening,smelling,asking,moldandsoon,fromoutsidetoinsideonebyonecheck,thefaultcanoftenbenarroweddowntoamoduleoraprintedcircuitboard.Thisrequiresmaintenancepersonnelhaveawealthofpracticalexperience,tothewidermultidisciplinaryandcomprehensiveknowledgeoftheabilitytojudge.

2.Self-diagnosticfunctionmethod

ModernCNCsystemhasyettoachieveahighdegreeofintelligence.Butalreadyhasastrongself-diagnosticfunction.CNCreadytomonitorthehardwareandsoftwareisworking.Oncetheabnormal,immediatelydisplayedontheCRTalarmorfaultLEDsindicatetheapproximatecause.Usingself-diagnosisfunction,butalsoshowstheinterfacesignalsbetweenthesystemandthehoststate,inordertodeterminethefaultoccurredinthemechanicalpartorpartsofNCsystem,andindicatetheapproximatefaultlocation.Thismethodiscurrentlythemosteffectivemaintenancemethods.

3.Functionalprogramtestingmethod

So-calledfunctionalprogramtestingmethodiscommonlyusedinthenumericalcontrolsystemfunctionsandspecialfeatures,suchaslinearpositioning,circularinterpolation,helicalcut,fixedcycle,suchastheusermacroprogrammingbyhandorautomaticprogrammingmethods,thepreparationoftestproceduresintoafunctionalprogram,intothenumericalcontrolsystem,andthenstarttheCNCsystemtomakeitrun,tochecktheimplementationofthesefunctionsHuaimachineaccuracyandreliability,andthenidentifypossiblecausesoffailure.ThismethodisidleforalongtimethefirstbootofCNCmachinetoolsandmachiningtimeofinspectionnorthealarmcausedbywaste,butthecasewashardtodeterminewhetheraprogrammingerrororoperationalerrorormachinefailurewasabettermethodtojudge.

4.Sparepartssubstitution

Sparepartsreplacementmethodisasimplemethodtodeterminethesceneisoneofthemostcommonlyused.Theso-calledsparesubstitutionisgenerallythecauseoffailureintheanalysisofthecase,maintenancepersonnelcanusethealternatePCB,templates,integratedcircuitchiporreplacethequestionablepartsofcomponents,whichnarrowedthefaulttoaprintedcircuitboardorchiplevel.Itisactuallyintheverificationanalysisiscorrect.However,beforeswitchingthestandbyboardshouldcarefullycheckthespareboardisintact,andshouldcheckthestatusofreserveboardshouldbefullyconsistentwiththeoriginalboardthestate.Thisincludescheckingwiththeboardselectionswitch,setthelocationandtheshortrodpotentiometerposition.Inshort,wemuststrictlyinaccordancewiththesystem'soperation,maintenancerequirementsmanualoperation.

Indeterminingthereplacementofapartto,shouldcarefullychecktherelevantconnectedtoelectricallinesandotherrelated,confirmingthatnofailureuptothenewreplacementtopreventfailurescausedbyexternaldamagetoreplacethepartsup.

5.TransferAct

Theso-calledtransfermethodistohavethesamenumericalcontrolsystemfeaturestwoprintedcircuitboards,templates,integratedcircuitchipsorcomponentstoexchange,observedfailurephenomenabetransferred.Inthisway,thesystemcanquicklydeterminethefaultposition.Thismethodisactuallyakindofsparepartssubstitution.Therefore,theconsiderationsdescribedinthesamesparepartssubstitution.

6.Parametercheckmethod

KnownparameterscandirectlyaffectthenumericalperformanceofCNCmachinetools.Parametersareusuallystoredinthemagneticbubblememory,orstoredinbatteriestobemaintainedbytheCMOSRAM,oncethebatteryisloworbecauseofoutsideinterferenceandotherfactors,someparameterswillbelostorchangeinchaos,sothatthemachinedoesnotwork.Atthispoint,throughtheproofreading,correctionparameters,willbeabletotroubleshoot.Whenthemachineidleforalongtimetoworkagainfornoreasonthatthereisnonormalorfailurewithoutwarning,itshouldbebasedonfaultcharacteristics,inspectionandproof-readingtherelevantparameters.

AfteralongrunofCNCmachinetools,wearandtearduetoitsmechanicaldrivecomponents,electricalcomponentperformancechangesandotherreasons,alsoneedtoadjusttheparametersofits.Somemachinetoolfailureisoftennottimelybecausetheparameterschangeduetosomenotmeet.Ofcourse,thesefailuresarethefaultoftheareasaresoft.

7.MeasurementofComparativeLaw

CNCsysteminthedesignofprintedcircuitboardmanufacturingplant,inordertoadjust,repairfacilities,intheprintedcircuitboarddesignedanumberoftestterminals.Userscanalsousenormalprintedcircuitboardterminalscomparingthemeasuredandthedifferencebetweentheprintedcircuitboardfailure.Theseterminalscandetectthevoltageandwaveformmeasurements,analyzethecausesoffailureandfailurelocation.Evenonanormalprintedcircuitboardcansometimesartificiallycreate"fault",suchasbrokenconnectionorshortcircuit,unplugthecomponents,inordertodeterminetherealcauseoffailure.Therefore,maintenancepersonnelshouldbeintheusualaccumulationofkeypartsoftheprintedcircuitboardorfailure-pronepartsoftherightinthenormalwaveformandvoltagevalues.BecausetheCNCsystemmanufactureroftendoesnotprovidetheinformationinthisregard.

8.Percussionmethod

WhentheCNCsystemfailuresshowedRuoyouruowu,oftenusedmethodfordetectingthefaultstruckthesitelies.Thisisbecausethenumericalcontrolsystemiscomposedbythemulti-blockprintedcircuitboards,eachboardhasalotofsolderjoints,platesorbetweenmodulesandisconnectedthroughtheconnectorsandcables.Therefore,anycoldsolderjointorbad,maycauseamalfunction.WhenthetapwiththeinsulationandpoorcontactwithWelddoubtatfaultmustberepeatedreproduction.

9.Localheatingmethod

AfteralongrunningCNCsystemcomponentsaretobeaging,performancewilldeteriorate.Whentheyarenotfullydamaged,failureswillbecomefromtimetotime.Thenheatcanbeusedsuchasahairdryerorelectricironissuspectedtolocalheatingcomponents,acceleratingtheagingsothoroughlyexposedfaultcomponents.Ofcourse,usingthismethod,besuretopayattentiontocomponentsofthetemperatureparameters,donotroasttheoriginaldeviceisagoodorbad.

10.Principleofanalysis

Thecompositionaccordingtoprinciplesofnumericalcontrolsystemcanbeanalyzedfromvariouspointsoflogicallevelsandlogicalparameters(suchasvoltageorwaveform)andthenwithamultimeter,logicpen,onlytheoscilloscopeorlogicanalyzertomeasure,analyzeandcompare,andthusfailurepositioning.Usingthismethod,whichrequiresmaintenancepersonneltobeonthewholesystemortheprincipleofeachcircuithaveaclear,deepunderstanding.

Basedontheaboveprinciplesandmethods,wemaybeitemizedonthecheckitandeliminatethecauses.

Thefirstpossiblefailureforthesystemoutputpulsetimeisnotenough,weadjusttheM-codesystem,startthespindleoutputtime,foundtheproblemstillexists,andthenfindthenextpossiblecausemaybeinthedrivetomovethestate,refertothemanualdrive,setparametersstartthespindle,theproblemstillexistswesuspectedspindlemotorshort-circuit,resultinginthermalrelayprotection.Thenfindthecauseoftheshort,sothatthespindlethermalrelayresetthestartandfoundthatthenormaloperationofthespindle,theproblemsolved.

Fourth,doalessonslearnedandrecorded.Aftertroubleshooting,repairworkcannotbeconsideredcomplete,stillneedtechnicalandmanagementaspectsoftheunderlyingcausesoffailurehavetotakeappropriatemeasurestopreventfailuresfromhappeningagain.Underfieldconditionswhennecessaryuseofmaturetechnologiestotransformandimprovetheequipment.Finally,thefailureofthemaintenanceofthephenomenon,causeanalysis,resolutionprocess,thereplacementofcomponents,legacy,etc.tomakearecord.数控技术的开展与维修数控技术及装备是开展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业的使能技术和最根本的装备。世界各国信息产业、生物产业、航空、航天等国防工业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对市场的适应能力和竞争能力。工业兴旺国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅大力开展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在"高精尖"数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。因此大力开展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各兴旺国家加速经济开展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。第一局部：数控机床个性化的开展趋势1.高速化、高精度化、高可靠性高速化：提高进给速度与提高主轴转速。高精度化：其精度从微米级到亚微米级，乃至纳米级(高可靠性：一般数控系统的可靠性要高于数控设备的可靠性在一个数量级以上，但也不是可靠性越高越好，因为商品受性能价格比的约束。2.复合化数控机床的功能复合化的开展，其核心是在一台机床上要完成车、铣、钻、攻丝、绞孔和扩孔等多种操作工序，从而提高了机床的效率和加工精度，提高生产的柔性。3.智能化智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便等方面的智能化；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化；还有如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等，以及智能诊断、智能监控等方面的内容，方便系统的诊断及维修。4.柔性化、集成化当今世界上的数控机床向柔性自动化系统开展的趋势是：从点(数控单机、加工中心和数控复合加工机床)、线〔FMC、FMS、FTL、FML〕向面(工段车间独立制造岛FA)、体〔CIMS、分布式网络集成制造系统〕的方向开展，另一方面向注重应用性和经济性方向开展。柔性自动化技术是制造业适应动态市场需求及产品迅速更新的主要手段，是各国制造业开展的主流趋势，是先进制造领域的根底技术。二、个性化是市场适应性开展趋势当今的市场，国际合作的格局逐渐形成，产品竞争日趋剧烈，高效率、高精度加工手段的需求在不断升级，用户的个性化要求日趋强烈，专业化、专用化、高科技的机床越来越得到用户的青睐。三、开放性是体系结构的开展趋势新一代数控系统的开发核心是开放性。开放性有软件平台和硬件平台的开放式系统，采用模块化，层次化的结构，并通过形式向外提供统一的应用程序接口。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构标准、通信标准、配置标准、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年的一个新的焦点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的根底单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在

第二局部：机床的维修数控机床是将电子技术、测量技术、自动化技术、电子半导体技术、计算机技术及电机技术等集与一体的自动化设备，具有高精度、高效率和高柔性的特点。数控机床是一种过程控制设备，要求他在实时控制的每一时刻都准确无误地工作，任何局部的故障与失效，都会使机床停机，从而造成生产停顿，严重地影响和制约生产效率的提高。在很多行业中数控机床设备处于关键的工作岗位，假设在其出现故障后不及时维修及排除故障，就会造成较大的经济损失。因此，对于数控系统这样原理复杂、结构精密的装置进行维修很有必要。加强数控机床的故障诊断与维修的力量，可以提高数控机床的可靠性，有利于数控机床的推广和使用。数控机床是机、电、液、气相结合的复杂设备，尽管故障原因各不相同，但在故障发生后，大体的思路步骤是相同的。发生故障后，下面以数控车床主轴启动后立即停止为例说明数控机床故障诊断的一般过程。一、进行故障现场调查。调查的内容包括1、故障的种类2、故障的频繁程度3、外界状况4、有关操作情况5、机床情况6、运转情况7、机床和系统之间接线情况8、CNC装置的外观检查。经过调查，该类故障属于主轴类故障，只出现过一次，外界一切正常，操作人员反映一开机就出现这种情况。二、进行故障信息整理、分析。对于一些简单的故障，原因不是很多时，可采用形式逻辑推理的方法，分析、确定和排除故障。经过故障现场调查我们疑心有以下几种原因①系统输出的脉冲时间不够②变频器处于点动状态③主轴线路的控制元器件损坏④主轴电机短路，造成热继电器保护⑤主轴控制回路没有带自锁电路，而把参数设置为脉冲信号输出，使主轴不能正常运转。找出可能出现的原因，就逐项排除。三、进行故障诊断与排除。故障诊断一般遵循以下几个原那么：1、先外部后内部。现代数控系统的可靠行越来越高，数控系统本身的故障率越来越低，而大局部故障的发生都是非系统本身原因引起的。由于数控机床是集机械、液压、电气为一体的机床，其故障的发生也会由这三种综合反映出来，维修人员应该先由外向内逐一进行排查，尽量防止随意的启封、拆卸，否那么会扩大故障，使机床丧失精度、降低性能，系统外部的故障逐一是由于检测开个、液压元件、气动元件、电气执行元件、机械装置等出现问题而引起的。2、先机械后电气。一般来说，机械故障较易觉察，而数控系统及电气故障的诊断难度较大，在故障检修之前首先注意排除机械的故障3、先静态后动态。先在机床断电断电静止状态，通过了解、观察、测试、分析，确认通电后不会造成故障扩大，发生事故后，方可给机床通电，在运行状态下，进行动态的观察、检验和测试，查找故障。而对通电后发生破坏性故障的，必须先排除危险后，方可通电。4、先简单后复杂。当出现多种故障互相交织，一时无从下手时，应先解决容易的问题，后解决难度较大的问题，往往简单问题解决后，难度大的问题也可能变的容易。 数控机床在故障检测过程中，应充分利用数控系统的自诊断功能来进行判断，同时还要灵活运用故障检查的一些常用方法。常见的故障检查方法有：1.常规检查法