2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解高频易错点（一）学案（含答案）

学科特色高频易错点（一）易错点1完形填空不知熟词生义、课标生僻词词义而错选在高考英语中，完形填空这一题型注重考查考生在特定情境下理解词汇的能力。《普通高中英语课程标准》词汇表中已经不再标注单词的词性和中文释义，也没有列出词组和短语，这对考生提出了更高的要求。完形填空中考生容易遇到的词汇问题主要有熟词生义不理解、一词多义理不清、课标生僻词不熟悉、课标派生词不认识。1.熟词生义不理解高考可能考查词汇表中单词的任何含义，尤其是一些对考生来说很熟悉的词的陌生含义，如：Seeingherlittlesisternotgoingfastenough,myolderdaughtersaid,"Youareso10(slow)."Whentheolderonecrossedherownarms,itdawnedonmethatherannoyedlook11thatofmine.Isawthedamagemyhurriedexistencewasdoingto12(both)ofmychildren.11.A.silencedB.contradictedC.mirroredD.encouragedmirror除了表示"镜子",还有"反映"的意思，此处表示，看到妹妹走得不够快时，大女儿对妹妹的指责以及恼怒的表情反映出作者的样子。熟词有新义，做题多分析。在解题过程中，很多考生在发现四个选项的基本含义都不符合语境后，就不知所措或者随便选择一个选项，这样做很容易选错。考生在备考时应注意积累高频词的生僻义项，扩充词汇量，避免高考时因不了解单词的含义而选错。2.一词多义理不清有些单词的含义比较多，在不同语境中可以表示不同的含义。如果考生在记忆单词时只关注单词的拼写和义项，就可能无法在具体语境中分辨出单词的具体含义，如：Mymotheris92.UnlessIhavetobeoutoftown,eachweekItakemymothertodoher36(shopping)andvisitthedoctor,providing37andtransportation.37.A.rewardB.medicineC.companyD.sheltercompany的含义较多，可表示"公司；剧团；陪伴；来宾"。根据语境和常识可知，作者的母亲已经92岁了，出门需要有人陪伴。考生在遇到多义词时要结合具体语境进行分析和判断。备考时，不能只关注义项，还要配以例句，在具休的语境中理解、记忆，加强词汇复习的针对性。3.课标生僻词不熟悉《普通高中英语课程标准》词汇表中有一些较为生僻的单词也是需要考生掌握的，而考生在平时的练习中很少遇到，因此考生常会因为不熟悉它们而选择错误的选项，如；I'dneverpublishedanythingbefore,butIwantedtohavea51(try).Iwroteafewpieces.Mostamateurswould52(approach)smallerpublications(出版物),butIsentthemtothebigger,well-knownones.Afterseveralnon-responsesand53,myeffortspaidoff.A.recreationsB.restrictionsC.rejectionsD.regulations所填词和non-responses并列，掌握四个选项的含义就可以确定rejection"拒绝"符合语境。储备足够的词语、准确理解并掌握词语的词性和含义有助于正确理解语篇含义、选择正确选项。课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语也逐渐出现在选项中(如本题中的recreation"娱乐活动",restriction"限制",regulation"条例，规则")。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺，做到课标词汇无遗漏。4.课标派生词不认识高考完形填空中的选项不仅涉及课标词，还涉及由课标词派生、合成而来的词，这些词往往会给考生解题造成较大障碍，如：Getting56(unemployed)wasalife-alteringexperienceformethatcouldhavebeen57.I'llbethefirsttoadmitthatitwasdifficultto58(getthrough).A.disastrousB.invalidC.ridiculousD.meaningless本题选项中出现了较多的派生词(A、B、D项),考生若不能利用构词法分析出这些单词的含义，就很难正确作答。disaster(灾难)+-ous(有……性质的)→disastrous灾难性的，in-(不)+valid(有效的)→invalid(无效的),meaning(意义)+-less(无……的)→meaningless(毫无意义的)。根据"alife-alteringexperience"和"itwasdifficultto58(getthrough)"可知，此处应表示"有困难的",因此disastrous"灾难性的"符合语境。易错点2阅读理解，分析不清长难句而错选高考阅读理解中经常出现长难句，长难句的用词、结构相对复杂，这会对考生理解句意造成一定障碍。常见的长难句情况可以概括为"三长两短一并列"。"三长"指的是最常见的三种修饰成分：介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)和从句；"两短"则指的是形容词和副词；”一并列”指的是利用一些起并列作用的词，如and,or,aswellas,alongwith等，将句子变长、变复杂。除此之外，同位语、插入语、强调句、倒装句、省略句以及从句的嵌套也会加大句意理解的难度。调研阅该下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Anewsurveymethodisinventedtocountwildspecies.Africanelephantsarethefirstanimalstobesuccessfullycountedfromspacewhilemovingthroughacomplicatedlandscapethatrangesfromopengrassestoforests.Typically,conservationistsdothiswithlow-flyingplanesinordertocountandmonitorAfricanelephants,amethodthattakesmanyhours.Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence,upto3,100squaremilescanbesurveyedonasinglesunnydayinminutes.Then,thedeep-learningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpicksoutindividualelephants.Thenewtechniqueisakeypartofensuringthesurvivaloftheendangeredspecies.Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild."Accuratemonitoringisessentialifwe'retosavethespecies,"saidOlgaIsupova,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofBathintheUK."Weneedtoknowwheretheanimalsareandhowmanythereare."Whatreallymakesthisstudystandapartfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpicking.outtheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds,includinggrasslandsandpartiallytree-coveredlandscapes.Satelliteimageryisalsoamuchmoreefficientsurveymethodthanthecurrentflyoversurveyscarriedout,whichisfasterandavoidsdouble-countingthesameelephants.Theremotesurveyalsoreducestheimpactresearchershaveontheanimalsandallowsthemtocountindividualsmovingbetweencountries."Althoughthisisaproofofconcept,it’sreadytogo,"saidpossessorDuporge,azoologistattheOxfordUniversity."Andconservationorganizationsarealreadyinterestedinusingthistoreplacesurveyswhereaircraftareused.Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo."1.Whatareusedinthenewstudymethod?A.Alandsurveys.B.SatellitesandaircraftC.Planesandcomputers.D.Satellitesandcomputers.2.WhatleadstothereductionofwildAfricanelephants?A.Climatechange.B.Humanactivities.C.Environmentthreat.D.Socialimprovement.3.Whatistheadvantageofthenewmethodcomparedtotheold?A.Lessmoney.B.MoreaccurateC.Lessworkers.D.Socialimprovement.4.WhatisDuporge'sattitudetowardsthenewmethod?A.Worried.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.试题分析1.D细节理解题根据第二段中的Withthenewtechniquethatcombinessatelliteimagerywithartificialintelligence,upto3,100squaremilescanbesurveyedonasinglesunnydayinminutes.Then,thedeep-learningcomputeranalyzesthoseimagesandpicksoutindividualelephants"可知，通过将卫星图像与人工智能相结合的新技术，在一个阳光明媚的日子里人们可以在几分钟内探测多达3100平方英里的区域；然后深度学习计算机分析那些图像并识别出每个大象(来计数)。由此可知，新的研究方法使用了卫星和计算机。2.C根据第三段中的“Duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatdestruction,just415,000Africanelephantsarelivinginthewild"可知，造成野生非洲象数量下降的原因是非法捕猎和栖息地的破坏，这两者都属于生活环境威胁。【易错】本题考生易想当然地认为非法捕猎和栝息地的破坏都是人类活动而错选B项。栖息地的破坏不一定是人类造成的，也可能是自然界白身的变化，故B项犯了以偏概全的错误。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Whatreallymakesthisstudystandapartfromothersatellite-trackingprojectsishowsuccessfulthecomputerprogramisatpickingouttheelephantsfromtheircomplexbackgrounds"可知，这项研究与其他卫星跟踪项目的真正区别在于，计算机程序在从复杂的背景中识别出大象方面是多么成功。由此可知，这个新的研究方法与以往的研究方法相比，优势是更加精准。4.D观点态度题。根据最后一段中的"Assatelliteimagingimproves,othersmallerspeciesmaysoonbeabletobecountedingreaterdetailfromspacetoo"可知，Duporge认为，随着卫星成像技术的进步，其他较小的物种可能很快也能被从太空中计数。由此可知，Duporge对于这个新的研究方法的态度是乐观的。易错点拨准确分析长难句的方法1.去繁存简抓主干：句子无论多长、结构多么复杂，都是由一些基本成分组成的。所以，突破长难句的关键在于找到句子的主干，然后再分析其他成分。2.连词断句划意群：运用语法知识，利用连接词等的提示作用，考生可以把长句子分解成若干意群，降低理解难度。3.巧做标记调语序：根据意群，用一些符号，如小括号、中括号、箭头等标记出句子的各个部分，这样可以帮助考生厘清句子各部分间的关系。同时考生需要注意英汉的语言差异，合理调整语序，这样才能准确理解句意。易错点3阅读理解·受语义逻辑干扰而错选阅渎理解的文章往往围绕一个主题展开，句与句之间，甚至段落与段落之间通管在在一定的联系，考生可以利用语义逻辑来解题；但同时也要避免受语义逻辑的干扰，断章取义，造成误选。易错点拨在阅读理解的选项中，有些干扰项的表达与原文的吻合程度较高，仅有一两个词原文中没有体现或者关键的词汇和原文不一致，偷换了动作的发出者、动作的承受者、动作本身或语义等，从而给考生造成错觉，让考生认为这样的选项是正确的。针对此类选项，考生在解题时要根据题干中的关键信息定位，回到原文，认真分析原文相关语句，斟词酌句，再仔细对比选项，去伪存真。易错点拨阅读理解题目涉及逻辑关系时，选项中往往会出现逻辑混乱的干扰项，如把本没有逻辑关系的两件事扯在一起，或者是把原因和结果的关系倒置。对这种逻辑性比较强的、有因果关系的题目，考生在做题时要仔细推敲，理顺逻辑，分清因果。易错点4阅读理解分不清观点和事实而选错阅读理解推理判断题设置选项时，常常会设置一些与原文内容一致的选项，这些选项是文章描述的事实，但并不是推理得出的观点，部分考生常常因为分不清观点和事实而误选。调研阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Somethingstrangehasbeenhappeningtomelately:WomeninthestreethavebeentellingmeI'mbrave.Myactofcourageisn’tmuch—Ijuststoppedcoloringmyhair.IhadbrownhairthatstartedgoinggraywhenIwas30.So,likealotofwomen,Istarteddyeing(染)it."Itwasexpensiveandtime-consuming.Andmyhairgrewfast,soIneededtogobackthehairsalon(美发厅)every5weeks.Manypeopleseemtoenjoyholdingontotheiryouthforaslongaspossible,givingtheimpressionthattheydon'thavemuchwisdomormanyaccomplishments.Butourhairstartstotumgrayandsuddenlywestarspendings500ormoreayeartocoversomethingourmalecolleaguesdon'tneedtocover.Ofcourse,peopleshoulddowhatheywantwithheirownbody—mymotheris91andstillhas"blond"hair,andwhynot?IjustwishmoreofuswouldfeelthatitwasOKtobeourselves,becausegoinggrayhasdonemoreformethansavingmetimeandmoney.Ilikemynaturalhair,justasitis.Ilikehowithasgotcurlyandfullagain.Itisrecoveringafteryearsofbeingdamagedbychemicals.Ialsolikethatithasgivenmesomeneededattitudeinasocietythatmakesyouthseemsoimportant,whilebeingagainstmaturity.ItremindsmethatI'mnotakidanymore—andthisisn'tabadthing.NotbeingakidanymoremeansIreadthebooksIwant,andnotthebooksIfeelIshouldread.ItmeansnotwastingmytimeateventsIdon'tneedtoattendwhenI'dratherbewithmyfamilyandfriends.WhenIseemyhairinhemirror,itsareminderthatmytimeislimited,andIshallspenditdoingwhatmatters.There'snothingshamefulaboutgrowingolder.Andpretendingitnothappeningisawayofgivingupourright.Iseemygrayhairasasmallactofrebellion(反叛)againsttheideathatpeoplelosevalueastheyage,insteadofgainingit.Iseegrayhairasmy"flag"andI'mlettingitflyproudly.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutcoloringhair?A.Itshowspeople'sgreatcourage.B.ItisagoodwaytoholdontoyouthC.ItshowswisdomandaccomplishmentsD.Itisnotworththetimeandmoneyspentonit.2.Whatshouldwedowhenwegrowoldaccordingtotheauthor?A.Giveupourpower.B.Pretendtobestillyoung.C.Acceptitandactpositively.D.Readasmanybooksaspossible.3.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainwhyyouthisvalued.B.Toshareheropinionongrowingold.C.Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentattitudes.D.Toanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofaging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthep