2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容词和副词的用法

2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容

词和副词的用法adj.&adv.形容词和副词形容词的用法及位置形容词：用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。1、形容词的含义2、形容词的句法功能Itisabeautifulpresent.Thepresentisbeautiful.Therainmadethegroundwet.Thegroundwasmadewet.Curious,wewentclosetohavealookatit.定语表语宾语补足语主语补足语状语注意：形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方“居然有，竟然有，多达，不下于……”,表示惊奇，相当于asmuch/manyas“不少于，至少……”是一种客观表达。④notsomuchAasBmoreAthanB“与其说是A,不如说是B"“与其说是B,不如说是A"Jimisnotsomuchawriterasateacher.Jimismoreawriterthanateacher.⑤can't…too+adj./adv.无论……都不为过Youcanneverbetoocareful.⑥the+比拟级，the+比拟级越……越…・・・Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’11make.⑦比拟级+and+比拟级“越来越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.Heisbeingmoreandmoreactive.⑧“否认式谓语+比拟级”表示最高级含义*Yourstoryisperfect；I’veneverheardbefore.A.thebetteroneB.thebestoneC.abetteroneD.agoodone(9)最高级前不带the的情况①形容词最高级前一般要加the,但当形容词用作表语而又不是和别人进行比拟时，常不带the。HeisbusiestonTuesday.②形容词最高级前已有物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用the。*Maryismybestfriend.♦Tom'sgreatestwishistobeeanengineer.③两个形容词最高级同时修饰一个名词，后一个最高级前不用the。Heistheweakestbutbeststudentinourclass.④most“大多数的”Mostpeopleenjoysports.most“非常”Itismostbeautiful.It'samostinterestingbook.⑤最高级形容词用在由as引导的倒装的让步状语从句时,不用theOldestinourfactoryasheisheworkshardest.式。Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.(安然无恙)3、形容词的位置⑴单个形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的词的前面。abeautifulflowerakindoldman⑵形容词作定语要放在所修饰的词的后面的情况：①形容词作定语修饰something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody等复合不定代词时，定语后置。Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.②一些表语形容词(afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等)作定语，定语后置。Hewastheonlypersonawake.thememberspresentamanalive③当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。abridge50metreslongaroadabout2metreswide④形容词短语作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词后面。abasketfullofbananasacoatsuitableforMary4、以-Ly结尾的形容词friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly注意：有些以-ly结尾的词，既为形容词，也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyTheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。5、用形容词表示类别和整体1）某些形容词加上定冠词，泛指一类人，谓语动词用复数thedead,thelivingtherich,thepoortheblind,thehungry2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。theBritish,theEnglish,

theFrench,theChineseTheEnglishhavewonderfulsenseofhumor.6、分词作形容词现在分词：interestingencouraging,exciting过去分词：interestedencouraged,excited副词的用法及位置副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、程度、时间、地点、程度、时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。.时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。.1、副词的含义.时间副词：often,always,soonusually,early,now,frequently,.地点副词：here,there,home,outside,below,back.方式副词：quickly,slowly,fasthard,warmly,angrily.程度副词：very,quite,much,too,enough,rather,greatly2、副词的分类.疑问副词:where,howwhen,why.连接副词：how,whenwhere,why.关系副词：when,why,where.评价性副词：fortunately,luckily,personally、副词的句法功能IshecontentwiththelifehereAllthelightsareon.Pleaselethimin.HewasshownaroundbyJim.Actually,heisright.Youarequiteright.定语表语宾语补足语主语补足语状语状语4、副词的构成⑴大多数是由形容词后缀-ly构成①以-le结尾时，去掉e再加ysimple-simplyterrible-terribly②busy-busilyheavy-heavilyhappy-happily③以-11结尾时，只须加yfull-fullydull-dully④以-ic结尾时，加-allyeconomic-economicallybasic-basically⑵有些副词由介词或地点名词加后缀-ward(s)构成,“向……”backwardbackwardsdownwarddownwardswestwardwestwardsupwardupwards⑶有些副词与形容词同形earlylongstraightfasthardwell（4）有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以-Ly结尾，含义不同。表原意（无ly）,引申意（有ly）mostnearhardmostlynearlyhardly非常，最主要地邻近几乎努力地几乎不5、副词的位置⑴单个副词修饰形容词和副词时，一般放在被修饰的词之前。Itisaveryeasyjob.Herunsveryfast.特殊：enoughHedidn'tworkhardenough.Heisnotoldenough.⑵修饰全句的副词，一般位于句首。Truly,heisanhonestman.Luckily,hepassedtheexam.⑶表示时间频度的副词，just,always,often,usually,seldom,rarely,never,still,already等,常放在行为动词前，情态动词、助动词或系动词之后。Heoftenestoseeme.Theshopisstillopen.Shewillalwaysberemembered.Weshouldalwaysstudyhard.形容词、副词比拟等级的用法使用比拟级、最高级时应注意的问题⑴比拟级前常可用still,even,much,far,alot/little/few/bit,rather,any,agreatdeal,sofar,byfar,no等词修饰。(2)最高级可被序数词以及byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语所修饰。thesecondlongestriverItisbyfarthelongest.Thishatisbynomeansthebiggest.⑸比拟级的常用句型①not+比拟级+thanno+比拟级+than表示所比拟的两种事物都具有与形容词或副词相