2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号4

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,（ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.let aloneD.less likely【答案】C【解析】句意:如今越来越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同样的领域工作，更不必说一直在同样的公司工作。

2、考查短语辨析。all else 其他所有;much worse 更糟糕的是;let alone 更不用说，听任，不打扰；less likely 最不可能的是，较少可能。空格前后表示递进,故选C。2.单选题The new miracle of the medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body. It is often called a blank cell tha

3、t can be programmed to become other cells. Researchers predict that, by using stem cells, they can create organs that can be transplanted into people who desperately need them to save their lives. The most common source of stem cells is the human embryo, the initial stage of human life after a femal

4、e egg is impregnated by a male sperm. In this very fact lies an ethical conundrum that has rocked both the medical and political landscape of the United States and other countries. Coupled with this is new research in cloning, which has seen some success in developing animal species without the use

5、of normal birthing procedures. All of these areas of research are making quite a few people nervous about both the sources of stem cells and where the research is taking mankind.Most stem cell-containing embryos come from four different sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos

6、 than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilization in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells. Mo

7、rally many people are outraged by these sources, claiming that human life is not something that should be tampered with and created just for scientific and medical purposes. At the core of this debate is the issue of what really constitutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exis

8、t until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun.The United States government has taken an active role in the debate and is consciously looking at the voting booth while making decisions regarding stem cell research. The government gave the go-ahe

9、ad for federal spending on stem cell research but limited activity to specimens that already existed, meaning no new embryos could be created solely for stem cell research. Similar laws regarding cloning research have been proposed, including therapeutic cloning. Many universities and research cente

10、rs worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial.1. According to the first paragraph, a stem cell is unlike other cells because（ ）.2. According to the second paragraph, all of the following are sour

11、ces of stein cells EXCEPT（ ）.3. According to the second paragraph, the main debate concerning stem cell sources revolves around（ ）.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?5.According to the third paragraph, American un

12、iversities and research institutes are worried about（ ）.问题1选项A.it has at least 220 different partsB.it can develop into any other cellC.it has been used to cure illnessD.it is at the center of a controversy问题2选项A.artificially impregnated womenB.human eggs that act like they are fertilizedC.embryos m

13、ade for people who cannot conceiveD.the remains of unwanted babies1. （ ）.问题3选项A.how they are extracted from the sourceB.what the stem cell are used forC.the methods used to produce themD.when someone believes life begins问题4选项A.The United States government is involved in the debate on stem cells only

14、 because it is worried about the voters.B.The voters are making the United States government worried about its position on stem cell research.C.The issue of stem cell research is one that United States voters are concerned aboutD.The United States governments decisions on stem cell research reflect

15、what its voting public wants.2. （ ）.问题5选项A.not getting enough funds for stem cell researchB.losing people for better opportunities elsewhereC.having the government shut down their operationsD.having to find new sources of stem cells【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The new miracle of t

16、he medical world is the stem cell, a marvel of human nature in that it can become any of nearly 220 cell types that constitute the human body(医学界的新奇迹是干细胞。令人惊叹的是，它可以成为构成人体的近220种细胞中的任何一种),故选B“它能发展成任何其它的细胞”。2.细节事实题。题干问:根据第二段,以下哪项不是干细胞的来源。A:人工怀孕的女性,B:类似于已受精状的人类卵子,C:为不孕的人所做的胚胎,D:意外怀孕产出的婴儿的遗体。根据题干定位至第二段:

17、Most stem cell-containing embryos come from fourdifferent sources: fertility clinics which often store more human embryos than are needed; fetuses from unwanted pregnancies that are aborted; therapeutic cloning, which is when a human egg is stimulated into an embryo-like state; and custom-fertilizat

18、ion in which a human egg is deliberately fertilized with sperm to create an embryo in order to harvest its stem cells(大多数包含干细胞的胚胎来自四个不同的来源：经常储存有多余人类胚胎的产科；因意外怀孕而被流产的胎儿； 治疗性克隆（即人类卵子被刺激成胚胎状）和特定的受精（即人类卵子被故意地与精子受精来创造一个胚胎，以便获取其干细胞）),因此只有A未被提及。故选A。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: At the core of this debate is the issue of w

19、hat really constitutes a human being, with one side claiming a human does not exist until born from its mother while the other side claims that once egg and sperm meet, life has begun(这场争论的中心是什么真正地构成了人类，一方的人宣称直到从母亲身体生出来之后，人才真正存在，然而另一方的人却宣称一旦卵子和精子结合生命就开始了)。故选D“人们认为生命是从何吋开始”。4.判断推理题。最后一段划线句句意为:美国政府己积极

20、参与这场争论，在做有关干细胞研究的决定吋正有意识地看着投票站。由此可知D项“美国政府有关干细胞研究的决定反映出其投票的公众的需求”正确。5.细节事实题。最后一段指出: Many universities and research centers worry that these laws may cause their best and brightest scientists to seek appointments overseas, where stem cell research is not so controversial(很多大学和研究中心担心，这些法律可能导致它们优秀和最杰出的

21、科学家们前往干细胞研究没有如此有争议的海外寻求职位)。由此可知B“因海外更好的机会而流失人才”正确。3.单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；ra

22、dically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。4.单选题If you want this pain-killer, youll have to ask the doctor for a（ ）.问题1选项A.receiptB.recipeC.subscriptionD.prescription【答案】D【解析】句意:如果你想要这个止疼药，你将不得不向医生要一个药方。考查名词辨析。receipt收据，收条，接收，收到;recipe食谱，秘诀;subscription 捐献，订阅，签署；prescription

23、 药方，指示，惯例。根据前半句句意“如果你想要这个止疼药”可知D符合句意。5.单选题My niece has been to Sumatra and Iran as well as all of Europe; by the time she is twenty,she（ ）almost everywhere.问题1选项A.will beB.would have beenC.will have beenD.would be【答案】C【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲，等到她二十岁吋，她将几乎去过所有地方。语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时: shall

24、/will have+过去分词,故选C。6.单选题（ ）the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.问题1选项A.WhileB.Even thoughC.Now thatD.For【答案】C【解析】句意:既然考试的压力结朿了，因此我们都能放松下了。考查短语辨析。while 虽然，然而，当的时候;even though 虽然，即使；now that 既然，由于;for 为了，对于，适合于;因为（这个词在表示原因时一般不放在句首）。分析句意可知前后句子为因果关系。故C符合句意。7.单选题The reason that the city

25、 attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。8.单选题Those who（ ）traffic regulations should be punished.问题1选项A

26、.rotateB.violateC.abuseD.degrade【答案】B【解析】句意:违反交通法规的那些人应该受处罚。考查动词辨析。rotate (使)旋转,转动;(工作)由轮值;violate 违反,违犯,违背(法律、协议等),侵犯(隐私等);abuse 滥用,虐待;degrade 贬低,使丢脸,使降级,使降解。因此B符合句意。9.单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.e

27、ncouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。10.单选题African-American women poets also（ ）to the literary achievement of the Harlem Renaissance, particularly in their articulation of race, class a

28、nd gender issues.问题1选项A.contributedB.approachedC.adaptedD.elevated【答案】A【解析】句意:非裔美国女性诗人也对哈莱姆文艺复兴吋期的文学成就做出了贡献，尤其是她们在种族、阶级和性别问题上的表达。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。contribute贡献，出力，投稿，捐献；approach接近，着手处理； adapt使适应，改编；elevate提升，维起，振奋情绪等。11.单选题The word “science” is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody

29、has some notion of its meaning. However, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confusing, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even i

30、n the true science, distinguishing facts from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger so long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses are attempts to

31、explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientists continue to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understand

32、ing of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature of that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end, specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approa

33、ches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes - for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is p

34、ut in economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findin

35、gs would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago, however, one should r

36、emember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of cell. The host of scientists devoting their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.1. To defin

37、e science we may simply call it（ ）.2. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope,（ ）.A scientist interested in adding to our knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach（ ）.3. Which of the following statements does the author imply?4. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题

38、1选项A.the study of unrelated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge问题2选项A.may lead to antiscientific, “impure” resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC.is not always as pure as we supposeD.necess

39、arily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell问题3选项A.applied scienceB.agriculture scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental science问题4选项A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notion

40、s of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.问题5选项A.The Nature of Science and ScientistsB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing F

41、acts from Fictions【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“to define science” 定位至第一段: Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (正是为了使解释尽可能简单，假定科学被定义为“分类知识”),故选D “分类知识”。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the construction of a microscope定位至第五段:however

42、, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell (然而，人们应该不会忘记:显微镜的建造必须早于细胞的发现),因此B项“一定会领先于应用科学，导致细胞的发现”正确。3.判断推理题。题干为:一位对增加我们关于氧气的常识感兴趣的科学家可能称他的方法为?第四段指出:two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curi

43、osity, is referred to as pure science (两种基本的方法导致了新信息的发现。一种是为了满足好奇心，被称为纯科学),因此这个科学家的方法可以被称为产科学,故选C。4.判断推理题。A:从事理论研究的科学家不应该由于忽视他们发现的实用性而被谴责,第五段指出: The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of the discoveries (许多致力于纯科学研究的科学家并不为忽视发

44、现的实用性而道歉),因此A项符合原文所述。B:现在很少有人能真正理解科学的含义,第一段指出: The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning (现代人经常听到科学这个词,几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念),因此B不符合原文所述。C:就科学而言,区分事实和虚构并不是很难,根据第二段首句“Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy

45、 (即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构并不总是容易的)”可知C项不正确。D:追求实用性的人能够理解纯科学的含义和目标。根据第五段首句“Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science (有时候有实际头脑的人会忽略纯科学的意义)”可知D项与原文不符。故选A。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是科学的定义、科学的分类以及科学家的特性，因此，A项“科学和科学家的特性”最适合做文章标题。12.单选题As a junior assistant manager, he had been selected for（ ）.问题1选项A.

46、interruptionB.promotionC.considerationD.intuition【答案】B【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。考查名词辨析。Interruption 中断时间,打扰,插嘴; promotion 提升,提拔,晋升; consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌; intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。13.单选题I am surprised（ ）this city is a dull place to live in.问题1选项A.that you should thinkB.by what you are thinkin

47、gC.that you would thinkD.with what you were thinking【答案】A【解析】句意:你竟然认为这座城市生活起来无趣，这让我感到意外。语法题。考查宾语从句。“what you are thinking” 或 “what you were thinking”后面不能接“this city is a dull place to live in”,故排除。Should本身有“竟然,竟会”的意思,因此选A。14.单选题The philosophy teacher was indeed amazed by the students（ ）in handing th

48、e computer.问题1选项A.availabilityB.probabilityC.variabilityD.versatility【答案】D【解析】句意:这位哲学老师的确为这些学生在操控计算机上的多才多艺感到惊讶。考查名词辨析。Availability 可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，机率；variability 可变性，变异性；versatility 多功能性，多才多艺，用途广泛。因此D符合句意。15.单选题This area of the park has been specially（ ）for children, but accompanying a

49、dults are also welcome.问题1选项A.inauguratedB.designatedC.entitledD.delegated【答案】B【解析】句意:公园的这个区是专门为孩子们设定的，但是也欢迎陪同的成年人。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。inaugurate开辟，举行开幕典礼，举行就职典礼；designate 指定，标出，be designated for 为而设；entitle 定名为，给称号，使有权利，常用于be entitled to表示有资格；delegate委派为代表，委任。故B符合句意。16.单选题Many companies are（

50、）to invest in nanotechnology research, fearing the exposure to legal action that could result if one day a technology is deemed dangerous.问题1选项A.hesitantB.constantC.luxuriantD.coherent【答案】A【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决，担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的，可能会受到法律诉讼。考查形容词辨析。hesitant 犹豫的，畴躇的;constant 不变的，恒定的，经常的;luxuriant 繁茂

51、的，丰富的，奢华的，肥沃的；coherent 连贯的，一致的，凝聚性的，粘在一起的。故A符合句意。17.单选题The sense of smell controls our behavior in ways we may be aware of only on an intuitive subconscious level. Generally, it is often（1）and taken for granted. But as one research observed, “Of all the senses, none surely is so（2）as that of smell,

52、its effects（3）the psychology are both wide and deep, at once（4）and subtle.”In Europe, and in France（5）, the ancient and arcane semi-science of aroma therapy is widely accepted as almost a（6）discipline. Not so in the United States, where the use of essential oils（7）from herbs, fruits, flowers or othe

53、r plant life has been（8）mainly to cosmetics, massage oils and skincare emollients.Thats changing, thanks to a number of serious scientific studies coupled with a new technology that is exploding in Japan and is beginning to make significant inroads in the American market. Environmental fragrancing,（

54、9）it is known, involves dispensing computer-controlled fragrances in the home or workplace at（10）times of the day for specific purposes to stimulate energy, to enhance creativity or to soothe frayed nerves.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.overlookedC.overemphasizedD.overworked问题2选项A.trivialB.mysteriousC.secretD.

55、delicate问题3选项A.uponB.withC.intoD.about问题4选项A.influentialB.vitalC.enormousD.obvious问题5选项A.in particularB.without exceptionC.in essenceD.beyond doubt问题6选项A.chemicalB.psychologicalC.medicalD.physical问题7选项A.extractedB.exploredC.extendedD.expanded问题8选项A.usedB.limitedC.madeD.charged问题9选项A.whatB.whichC.tha

56、tD.as问题10选项A.importantB.hardC.differentD.changeable【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C【解析】1.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式,与is表被动。overwhelm淹没，压倒，受打击；overlook 忽略，俯瞰，检查；overemphasize过分强调；overwork工作过度。空前句意为:我们可能只在直觉的潜意识层而所知晓,因此推测此处应表示 “被忽视”,故选B。2.形容词辨析。Trivial 不重要的，琐碎的，琐细的；mysterious 祌秘的，不可思议

57、的；难解的；secret 秘密的，机密的；delicate 微妙的，精美的，易碎的。此处句意为:在所有感官中,嗅觉是最神秘的。3.固定搭配。effect upon 在方面的影响。4.形容词辨析。influential 有影响的，有势力的；vital至关重要的，生死攸关的，有活力的;enormous 庞大的，巨大的；obvious 明显的，显著的。此处句意为:它对心理学的影响既广泛又深刻，既又微妙。故D符合句意。5.短语辨析。in particular 尤其，特别;without exception 无例外地;in essence本质上，其实；beyond doubt 无容置疑，确实地。空格前“

58、Europe欧洲”与“France法国”为包含关系,所以这里表示“在欧洲,尤其是法国”,故选A。6.形容词辨析。chemical 化学的；psychological 心理的，心理学的，精神上的;medical 医学的，药的，内科的；physical 物理的，身体的，物质的。此处句意为:香熏疗法在法国几乎被广泛地认为是一种学科,因此C符合句意。7.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。extract 提取，取出，摘录，榨取；explore 探索，探测，探险；extend 延仲，仲出；expand 扩张，使膨胀。此处句意为:精油是从草本、水果、花或其他植物中而来的。因此A符合句意。8.动词辨析

59、。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。use使用，运用;limit 限制，限定;make 使得，制造，形成，安排，构成；charge使充电，指责，索费。空格前表示: 在美国却不是如此（即香熏疗法在美国不被认为是一种医学学科）,因此这里句意应为: 精油的使用主要限制于化妆品等。故选B。9.固定搭配。as it is known 众所周知。10.形容词辨析。important 重要的，有地位的；hard 努力的，坚硬的，困难的，辛苦的，严厉的，猛烈的；different 不同的，个别的，与众不同的;changeable 无常的，可改变的，易变的。空格前为:在家里或工作场所施与电脑控制的芳香剂，空

60、格后为:去激发能量、提升创造力或安抚紧张的祌经,由此可知空格处应为“在白天的不同吋间”,故选C。18.单选题The meeting was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at intervalsD.at random【答案】C【解析】句意:这个会议是如此拖延,让人筋疲力尽，以至演讲者时不时停下来喘口气。考查短语辨析。At large 详尽的，逍遥法外的，未被捕的，整个的；at ease 安逸，自由自在；at intervals