2023年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章篇目

1、2023年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章篇目1阅读理解+第三十四篇 Who Want to Live Forever?+第四十篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others2完形填空 第二篇 Going on a diet第三十四篇 Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drugthat would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is thatwe may

2、be drawing near to that date，Scientistshave already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing ou

3、r dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own.Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. It would also raise prod

4、uctivity by adding to the year we can work.Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole. We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I dontthink any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan.T

5、he question is What will we get as a society?I suspect it wont be a better society.It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?And what

6、 would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-oldparents，orbrothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder si

7、bling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would giveus the benefi

8、ts of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And h

9、ow easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educatingyoung people，and more on making life comfortable fo

10、r the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and

11、 like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.Butas the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. If this could ever happen，t

12、hen wed better ask what kind of society we want to get， says Daniel Callahan. We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out.词汇:mice / mais / n.老鼠(复数)sibling / sibli? / n.兄弟姐妹bioethicist / n. 生物伦理学家注释:1.brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2.We had be

13、tter not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的 anti-ageing technology.练习:1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A Spendingmore time with his family.B Havingmore education.C Realizing more dreams.D Working longer.2.Which o

14、f the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B More and more people in the US today want to get married.C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.3.All

15、 of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTA Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D It would be more difficult

16、for young people to be promoted to top positions.4.An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatA it places more emphasis on educating the young.B it is both wise and energetic.Cit lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.D it welcomes changes.5. Which of the follow

17、ing best describes Callahan s attitude to anti-ageing technology ?A Optimistic.BPessimistic.C Reserved.D Negative.答案与题解：1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。2.A 此题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:Peopleare already findingit more difficultto stay married.Divorce rates are rising.暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。3.B 文章的第九段讲了

18、寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。4.C 答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。5.C 此题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的开展是有保存的。+第四十篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State

19、College of AgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicizedefforts to reduce the salt content in foodhave left many people struggling to

20、 accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food compan

21、ies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，onmultipleoccasio

22、ns ，spread outoverweeks. Testsubjectswere 45menand 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging inage from 20to 40years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific s

23、cale，ranging from barely detectableto strongest sensation of any kind.Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltinessmore ，andalsobecauseit is neededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesin food. said Hayes.Supertasters，people who experi

24、ence tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in fo

25、ods such as cheese ，Hayesnoted. For example ，cheeseis awonderfulblendof dairyflavorsfrom fermentedmilk ，butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt , he said. A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.Hayes cited research donemore than 75years ag

26、obya chemistnamed Foxand a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showingthat individualsdifferintheirabilityto taste certainchemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.Somepeople ，called supertas

27、ters，describebitter compoundsas being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，findthese same bitter compoundsto be tasteless or only weakly bitter. he said. Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not li

28、mited to bitterness. 词汇:publicize/ p?blisaiz / v.引起公众对的注 意;(用广告)宣传dietary / dai?teri /adj. 饮食的;规定食物的ferment / f?:ment / v. (使)发酵geneticist/ d?inetisist / n.遗传学家acuity / ?kju:iti / n.敏锐;锋利注释:1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences: 即 Penn StateUniversity-College ofAgricultural Sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。Pen

29、n 是 Pennsylvania 的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有 24 个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences 用作定语，修饰 food scientist。2.well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.3.left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as

30、 it does to others:使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare 相当于 food。4.lead investigator:研发工程负责人5. carefully screenedparticipantswho sampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips，on multiple occasion ，spread out over weeks:经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间 里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。6.too pronounced:此处 pronounced 为形容词，意为 very noticeable ，con

31、spicuous(明显的，显著的)。7.supertasting：超重味感练习:1. In paragraph 2 ，John Hayes points out thatA it is good to health to eat food without salt.B many people reject low-salt food completely.C many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantlyD food with reduced salt tastes better.2.The fourth paragraph des

32、cribes brieflyA. how to select subjects and what to do in the research.B. how to identify supertasters and nontasters.C. why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.D. why to select more male subjects than female ones.3.The article argues that supertastersA like the taste of saltiness to block

33、 sweet tastes in food.B like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.C consume less salt because they dont like intensive tastes.D like to share salty cheese with nontasters.4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?A They like bitterness in foods as well as

34、saltiness.B They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.C They prefer high-salt cheese，which tastes less bitter.DThey prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry?A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.B.Taste acuity is developed ove

35、r time after birth.C Taste acuity is related to ones eye and hair color.D Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.答案与题解:1. C 根据短文的第二段内容，很多人因为食物中的含盐量降低，所以必须做出很大努力 ( struggling) 去适应，而低盐食物对于他们来说，口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste good to them) 。选项C有 accept reluctantly (勉强接受)表达了这层意思，所以是

36、正确的选择。A 、B 、D 三个选项均是错误的。2.A 第四段介绍了科学家是如何设计这项研究的，它包含了研究对象的人数、性别、人选条件、咸度味感分级表等。选项 A 概括了这方面的内容，所以是答案。而选项 B 、C、D 所述内 容均不符合该段的意思。3.B 短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在这里的意思是:口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster是其反义词，即，口味清谈的人。该段告诉我们，口味重的人消耗更多的盐;因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人对快餐较为偏爱。选项B表达了上述内容，所以是答案。4.C 短文第六段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，奶醋发酵

37、会产生苦味，supertasters 不喜欢苦味，而高含盐量可以盖住奶酷里的苦睐，这是他们偏爱高盐奶酷的原因。所以，只有C是正确选择。5.A文章第七段中，Hayes引用了75年前一位遗传学专家的实验。从这项实验中，Hayes 得出的结论是，Taste acuity( 味觉敏度)上的差异与他们头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异是同一类现象，也就是说，都是与生俱来的。第八段又说，这是一种 biological difference (生物差异)，所以 A 是答案。B 说味觉敏度是后天形成的，显然与作者的结论相左。C 说味觉敏度的差异与头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异有关，显然是错误的。D 的内容在最后两段都没有提到

38、，所以不会是答案。Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3_weight because he or she consumes more calories pe

39、r day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4_the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5_behind going on a diet. 6_，diets dont work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7_ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8_ a

40、 consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9_ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10_the number of calories you can consume per day. Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11_of exercise can burn. Burning 2

41、50 or 500 calories per day can 12_a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13_ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14_. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. Its a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on

42、 a diet. 15_clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish. 词汇： typical . 典型的，有代表性的 calory n. 卡路里 consume v. 消耗，消费，耗尽 (燃料、能量、时间等) sensible . 明智的，合情理的，切合实际的 consistent . 一贯的，始终如一的 reminder n. 令人回忆起的东西，提醒的东西 accomplish v. 完成，实现，做成功 注释: 1. .diets dont work for most people . . . :节食并不是

43、对大多数人都奏效 2. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can:你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以. 练习: 1. A ticking B beating C running D kicking 2. A properly B appropriately C approximately D effectively 3. A adds B increases C gains D puts 4. A cut off B take down C remove D reduce 5. A way B pr

44、inciple C method D kind 6. A Similarly B Though C Unfortunately D Although 7. A go off B go on C go after D go under 8. A getting B measuring C maintaining D reserving 9. A preferably B actually C consistently D eventually 10. A raise B go up C exceed D grow 11. A ways B factors C functions D forms

45、12. A have B do C make D give 13. A walk B climb C run D take 14. A partner B colleague C associate D friend 15. A Tight B Loose C Casual D Formal 答案与题解: 1. B 从句意来看，本句要说明体内的热量可以使人的心脏跳动，所以答案选择 beating。tick 是发出滴答声或激怒；run 是奔跑 ；kick 是踢。只有 beat 符合句意。 2. A 从句意来看，本句要说明体内的热量可以使身体的器官正常运转。Properly 和appropriately 都有适宜的，适当的之意，但 properly 可以表达正常的、按照一定的规律 的意思;approximately 是近似地，大约，大概，近乎;effectively有效地。答案选择 A。 3. C 选项 A) 、B) 、C) 都有增加的意思，但只有 gain 和 weight 搭配使用，才构成增加体重的意思。文中原意要表达一个人增加了体重。选项 D)put 和