鄢嫣m1Grammarandusage 完整版课件

1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句Harry Pottera boy with glassesa boy who is brave and wearing glassesa magic boyattributeAn astronaut is a person.She /He works and travels in space.An astronaut is a person . He works and travels in space.whoChinas first female astronaut to fly in spaceHow did you come her

2、e?How did you come here?How did you come here?How did you come here?I was sent into the sky by a space craft.Space craft (宇宙飞船) is a vehicle（运载工具） It can travel in space. Space craft is a vehicle _ can travel in space.that / whichHow did you come here?When did you come here?I came here on June 16, 2

3、012.It was the day _ I was sent into the skywhen space capsule太空舱I work and live in a space capsule.It is a place _ an astronaut works and lives. whereWhere do you work and live?定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.被修饰的名词,词组或代词即antecedent (先行词）。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词 relative pronouns

4、 或关系副词relative adverbs ）引出。She is a female astronaut who travels in space.定语从句先行词引导词（关系词）引导词（关系词）关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词:wherewhenwhyAn astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.2. Space craft is a vehicle that/ which can travel in space.3. Space capsule is a place where an astron

5、aut works.4. 15th Oct. 2003 was the day when Yang Liwei was sent into the sky.antecedent 先行词relative pronoun 关系代词relative adverb关系副词antecedent 先行词 The man _ gave us the talk this morning is our headmaster. that/whothat/who (关系代词)引出定语从句 指人,替代the man 在从句中作主语， 不能省略The man is our headmaster.He gave us t

6、he talk this morning.关系代词的用法 The car_ was parked here was damaged yesterday.that/which that/which (关系代词)引出定语从句 指物 ( the car) 在从句中作主语， 不能省略The car was parked here. It was damaged yesterday.The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my schoolmate.(who/whom/that)who/whom/that (关系代词)引出定语从句 指人 在从句中作宾语,可省略 2:

7、 The boy is my schoolmate. The nurse is looking after him. whom比 who, that 作宾语更正式 I will never forget the day_ I spent in the UK.The case_ they are looking into is very troublesome.(棘手的, 困难的)(that/which)(that/which)Which house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe hous

8、e is mine. Its roof is brown.1. The student _ father works in the factory is sitting there.2. I like the rooms _ windows face south.3.This is the book_ back cover is blue.The student is sitting there. His father works in the factory.I like the room Its window faces south.This is the book. Its back c

9、over is blue. whosewhosewhoseSummary whose 在从句中作定语 既可指人又可指物whose + 名词（n. ）表示某人或某物的= the + n.+ of + whom=the+ n. +of +whichI know the professor.His daughter studies in the UK.I know the professor whose daughter studies in the UK.Have you seen my book?The books cover is blue.Have you seen my book whos

10、e cover is blue?I know the professor the daughter of whom studies in the UK.Have you seen my book the cover of which is blue?that 在定语从句中用作表语It used to be a small town.It is no longer a small town.It is no longer the small town that it used to be .Join the sentences together1.The boy is my brother. H

11、e helped me.2.The watch is mine. He has taken it away.3.The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard.4.The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.The watch (which / that) he has taken away is mine.The students who / that dont study hard will not pass the exam.The tree( that / which) he i

12、s climbing is quite tall.The boy who / that helped me is my brother.5.The computer is on the desk. You want it.6.The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.7.The train was late. It was going to Nanjing.8.That is the artist. We were looking at his drawing just now.The computer (that/ which) you wan

13、t is on the desk. The play (that/which) we saw last night was wonderful.The train which / that was going to Nanjing was late. That is the artist whose drawing we were looking at just now.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.1 The woman is a teacher.2 The woman lives next door. The boys are fro

14、m Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketballThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball. The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3. We watched the play “ Teahouse”

15、. The play was written by Lao She.We watched the play “teahouse” which/that was written by Lao She.4. The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man is a famous writer. whom/who/that you saw yesterday5.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the h

16、ouse which/that Lu Xun once lived in.The boss looked upon women.Ms. Kings worked in his department.The boss in whose department Ms. Kings worked. looked down upon women.The girl _ is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.The girl _ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.The girl _mother

17、is from Britain can speak English very wellWho /that(Who / whom /that)whoseI cant find the book _ you lent to me.Have you read the book _ author is a high school student.I used to study in a classroom _ windows were all broken.which /thatwhosewhoseI.Choose the best answers1.This is the school_librar

18、y is the largest one. A.which B.whoseC. thatD.its2.Children_ a lot of sweets have got bad teeth. A. eat B. are eating C. that eat D. which eat3.People _study history all agree with him. A.who B.whom C.which D. /4.The dumplings_she makes are delicious. A.that B. which C. / D.A/B/C5.The lady _we are w

19、aiting for will give us a talk. A.which B.whom C.when D.whoseBCADB关系词关系词指代意义关系词在从句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定Fill in the blanks with who, whom, which, whose or that.1. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.2. A nurse is a person _ looks after people who are ill.3. The

20、house _ he is looking for is very expensive.4. He is the person _ I met in the park yesterday.which/thatwho/that(which/that)(who/whom/that) 5. Can you help me find the person _ saved the girl ? 6. She is the engineer _ work is the best here. 7. The team _ won the basketball match is from class 352.

21、8. I have lost the watch _ my father gave to me two years ago. 9. This is the person _ story surprised everybody. 10. The person _ pictures were the best was Mr. King.who/thatwhosethat(which/that)whosewhose that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。Do you have anything _ you dont understand

22、 ?This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.This is the very book that Im looking for.注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very 修饰时。Please se

23、nd us any information _ you have about the subject. that that 先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that.Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.All _

24、 can be done has been done.Finally the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.thatthatIve read all the books( _ you lent me).He is the only person (_ was present at the time).This is the best TV( _ is made in China).The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thattha

25、tthatthatThe famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc. thatthat下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days lat

26、er 2Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？ 3Is this the farm where you visited the other day？ _that_that_thatThey study in a small classroom _ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere DthatNext Sunday is the only day _ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don whichHe isnt the man _ he used

27、 to be Athat Bwhom Cwho DwhichPlease pass me the dictionary _ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits DwhoseAttributive clause 介词+ 关系代词 （which , whom)引导的定语从句 This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the house. which/that Lu Xun once lived in.This is the house This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived

28、.The subject that he has developed an interest in is physics.The subject in which he has developed an interest is physics.The park is a place.I often go to the park.The park is a place to which I often go.Look! Here is a map from which we can know more about China.The boy is my brother. John spoke w

29、ith him.The boy who/whom/that John spoke with is my brother.The boy with whom John spoke is my brother.The room was very dusty. We took the photos in it.The room we took the photos in was very dusty.The room in which we took the photos was very dusty.The beach was closed by the police. The mans body

30、 was found on it.The beach that/which the mans body was found on was closed by the police. The beach on which the mans body was found was closed by the police. 介词的选用原则根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。如：This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配pa

31、y money for sth.为固定搭配on which I spent eight yuan .for which I paid eight yuan This is the book from which I learnt a lot about which Tom often talks 注意：若介词放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可省略或用which /that。 (which/that) I spent eight yuan on.(which/that)I paid eight yuan for.This is the book (which/that) I learnt a lot

32、 from. (which/that) Tom often talks about .2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。I remember the day on which my mother was born.I remember the month (year) in which I stayed there.强调在具体某一天要用介词on在month 或 year前介词要用in3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 Can you expl

33、ain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure？5. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.正误The way (that / in which ) he teaches English is quite different

34、. 他教英语的方式与众不同。 I dont like the way (that / in which/) you treat her. 我不喜欢你那样对待她。当先行词为the way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况: that, in which 或不填。 小结： 在定语从句中，当关系代词作介词宾语时，（即当介词前置时，）只能用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。 Daniel is the person with whom I want to make friends.Daniel is the person whom

35、I want to make friends with . The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke. The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.“介词+关系代词” 前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者 数词。He has great respect for his parents, both of whom are very kind to him. 他

36、敬重他的父母，他们待他很好。Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about school life. 迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中部是关于学校生活的。There are 53 students in our class in all, most of whom are from cities. 我们班总共有53个学生，大多数来自城市。关系副词的用法关系副词: wherewhenwhy 引导的定语从句1) No 1 High School is a key school.2) I am studying in t

37、he school.1. No 1 High School is the key school _ I am studying in.2. No 1 High School is the key school _ _ I am studying. 3. No 1 High School is the key school _I am studying. that/whichin whichwherewhereRelative adverb 1 : where指代地点，在从句中作地点状语1) I will never forget the day.2) I came to No1 High Sc

38、hool on that day.I will never forget the day _ I came to No1 High School on.2. I will never forget the day _ _ I came to No 1 High School. 3. I will never forget the day _ I came to No 1 High School. that/whichon whichwhenRelative adverb 2 : whenwhen指代时间，在从句中做时间状语1. Could you tell me the reason _ yo

39、u are late? =Could you tell me the reason _ _ you are late?for whichwhyRelative adverb 3 : why关系副词why 的先行词只有reason , 在从句中作原因状语。why= for whichThis is the reason why he didnt come to the meeting. =This is the reason for which he didnt come to the meeting.小结：1.关系副词when, where, why的用法关系副词引导定语从句相当于一个适当的介

40、词which，在从句中作状语when=in/at/on/ + which;where=in/at/on/to+ which;why=for+which1.Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit World Expo 2010 Shanghai together?2.This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked. 3.This is the reason why (for which) he was late.关系代词和关系副词的选用当先行

41、词是表时间和表地点的 词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用 when 或 where.小结： 在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定.1.This is the library we visited the other day. This is the library my father once worked. where=in whichwhich/ thatwhere2.Ill never forget the day we spent together o

42、n the beach. Ill never forget the day the PRC was founded. when= (on which) which/thatwhen3. The reason _ she gave was not true.that/whichThis is the reason I didnt attend classes.why ( = for which )Is this the reason he told you?that/whichIs this the reason he was late for class? why ( = for which

43、)思考是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?1. The subject (_ ) he has developed an interest is physics. in which3. I will never forgot the day (_ ) I first met you on the ship. 4. 结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。on which/whenCompare: It rained the whole day _ he travelled with his family . Ill always remember the day _ we spent together.whenthat2. Shanghai is the place _ he was born. Shanghai is the place _ I wa