2015专升本阅读理解练习及答案详解

1、1ReadingComprehension(January,2015)Passage1Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivatesomeonetobuyaproduct.Forexample,asmallchildmayaskforabreakfastfoodthatcomesinaboxwithapictureofaTVcharacter.Thechildismoreinterestedinthepicturethaninbreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolo

2、rortocutout,gamesprintedonapackageorsmallgiftsinsideaboxalsomotivatemanychildrentobuyproducts,ortoasktheirparentstobuyforthem.Somepackagessuggestthatabuyerwillgetsomethingfornothing.Foodproductssoldinreusablecontainerareexamplesofthis.Althoughasimilarproductinaplaincontainermaycostless,peopleoftenpr

3、efertobuytheproductinareusableglassordish,becausetheybelievethecontainerisfree.However,thecostofthecontainerisaddedtothecostoftheproduct.Thesizeofthepackagealsomotivatesabuyer.MaybethepackagehasEconomySizeorFamilySizepaintedonit.Thissuggeststhatthelargesizehasthemostproductsfortheleastmoney.Butthati

4、snotalwaystrue.Tofindout,abuyerhastoknowhowtheproductissoldandthepriceofthebasicunit.Theinformationonthepackageshouldprovidesomeanswers.Buttheimportantthingforanybuyertorememberisthatapackageisoftenanadvertisement.Thewordsandpicturesdonottellthewholestory.Onlytheproductinsidecandothat.Asusedinthepas

5、sage,thewordmotivatemostprobablymeans.makingonedeepinthoughtsupplyingathoughtorfeelingthatmakesoneactprovidingastorythatmakesonemovemakingonebelievewhathedoesisjustrightAbuyerwillgetsomethingfornothingmostprobablymeansthat.abuyerwillgetsomethingusefulfreeofchargeabuyerwillgetwhathepaysforabuyerwillg

6、ainmorethanhelosesabuyerwillnotgetwhathewantsPeoplearelikelytobuytheproductsoldinaglassordishbecause.theybelievethecostofthecontainerisincludedinthecostoftheproductthecontaineristooattractivetheythinktheycangetthecontainerforfreetheyhavenootherchoiceWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepa

7、ssage?.PackageisoftenasuccessfuladvertisementChildrenareoftenencouragedtobuyaproductbyitspackagewithattractivepicturesAbuyerisalsoattractedbythesizeofthecontainerOnseeingawell-designedcontainer,abuyeroftenneglectswhatisinitWhatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?.Thequalityofthecontainerhasnothi

8、ngtodowiththequalityoftheproductDontbuytheproductwhichissoldinaglassordishAbuyershouldgetwhatheneedsmostThebestchoiceforabuyeristogetaproductinaplainpackagePassage2Chinaispushingforwardanationwidetrialonfortified(强化的)food,inabidtoimprovethehealthofitscitizens.About30,000peoplefromthecountryswesternr

9、egionhaveusedfortifiedflourfortwoyears.Theirdietshadbeenimproved.Thisexperiencewillbepromotedthroughoutthecountryandfortifiedoilandricehavealsobeenintroducedacrossthecountry.Fortifiedfoodreferstofoodwithnutrients(营养)added,suchasvitamins,calciumandiron.Thenutritionprogramisexpectedtobeincludedintheke

10、yprojectsforthecountrys11thFive-YearPlan(2006-2010).Aseriesofrulesandregulations,suchasnutritionrulesandproductionstandardsforfortifiedflour,willcomeintoeffect.Theintakeofsomenutrients,suchasfat,proteinandcaloriesisoftenexcessive,butsomeothernutrients,suchasvitamins,arelackinginsomediets,accordingto

11、someexperts.Atthemomenttherearethreewaystoimprovepublicnutritionabalanceddiet,foodfortificationandnutritionalsupplements(补充).However,duetoChina5smassivepopulationanditsunbalancedeconomicdevelopment,foodfortificationisthoughttobethebestwayofimprovingpublicnutritioninashortperiodoftime.Chinastartedfor

12、tifyingfoodin2002,whiledevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStateshavemorethan50yearsofsuchexperience.Tortifiedfoodsdonotsellwell,asthepublicstillknowslittleaboutit.Someexpertspointedout.WhatisthepurposeforChinatopushforwardtheplanonfortifiedfood?.ToimprovethehealthofitscitizensToadviseitscitizenstousef

13、ortifiedflourTointroducefortifiedoilandrice2Tointroduce3waystoimprovepublicnutritionWhatareaddedtofortifiedfood?.VitaminsCalciumandironFat,proteinandcaloriesBothAandBWhereisthenutritionprogramexpectedtobeincluded?.InaseriesofrulesandregulationsInnutritionrulesInthekeyprojectsforthecountrys11thFive-Y

14、earPlanInproductionstandardsWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?.SomenutrientsarelackinginsomedietsChinastartedfortifyingfoodnearlyaroundyearsearlierthanU.S.FoodfortificationisthoughttobethebestwayofimprovingpublicnutritionnowThereare3waystoimprovepublicnutritionatthemomentWhydontthefortifiedfood

15、ssellwell?.BecausethepublicknowlittleaboutthemBecausethepricesarehigherBecausefortifiedfoodsdonttastegoodBecausefat,proteinandcaloriesinfortifiedfoodsareoftenexcessivePassage3Amoment5sdrillingbythedentistsmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsami

16、nuteortwo,wedemandtheneedlethatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowitstruethathumanbodyhasdevelopedmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournervesandourbrain,whichisabundleofnerveswewouldntknowwhafshappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wec

17、anfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianFakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusidea

18、sabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardsit.Ifthedentistsays,Thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstill

19、asensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.Thepurposeofthispassageismainlytotellus.thatpainisgoodforustostoptakingtheneedleatthedentist5showtohandlepainhowtoavoidtortureThesenseofpaincan.letusknowwhafsgoingoninanypartofourbodymakeusopentotorturemakeuspayforoursensitivityhelpusgetmoresensationsThebest

20、waytoeasepainisto.dowhattheIndianFakirsdoB)welcomeitC)knowaboutitinadvanceD)treatitasaninterestingsensationInthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraphthewordwithstandingprobablymeansacceptingB)avoidingC)handlingD)curingWcpayforoursensitivity,(paragraph2)means.itwasfortunateforhumanstohavedevelopedthissensi

21、tivitywesufferbecauseofthissensitivityweknowverywellhowtocopewithsensationsofpainwehavetopaythedentistforhistreatmentofourteethPassage4Governmentsatalllevelsfaceatoughtaskinbettermanagingandservingmigrantpopulations.ThemunicipalgovernmentofShanghaicarriedoutaresidencecertificatesystemin2002,granting

22、migrantlaborerssometreatmentsenjoyedbytheirurbancounterparts.InShenzhen,theresidencecertificatehasincludedhealthcare,educationandmanyothercontents.ThegovernmentofBeijingisalsoworkingonalocalregulationaboutmigrantpopulationmanagementthathasarousedmuchattention.Itisnotonlyaspecificissueofmigrantpopula

23、tionmanagementandservicebutalsoanissueconcerningsocialwelfare,publicproducts,managementmechanismsandhumanrights.Formorethanhalfacentury,permanentresidenceregistrationhasbeenthesolecriterion(标准)foronetoenjoyurbanpublicproductssuchashealthcare,education,employmentandsocialsecurity.Migrantworkers,thoug

24、hcontributingtothelocaleconomy,cantenjoysuchproductsequally.Sometimestheyareevenguardedordiscriminated(歧视)against.Migrantpopulationscannothaveasenseofbelongingtothecitytheylivein,whichisnogoodforsocialorderandstabilityandwillbringnegativeimpactstothemanagement.Scientific,rational(合理的)andjustsocialpo

25、liciesandlawswillbuildoursocietyinapositiveway.Migrantlaborers,especiallythosewhohaverealizedstableemploymentinthecity,shouldbegrantedtreatmentequaltotheirurbancounterparts.Howlonghasthepermanentresidenceregistrationbeenthesolecriterion?.Formorethan20yearsB)Formorethan40yearsC)Formorethan50yearsD)Fo

26、rmorethan100yearsWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?.Itisin2002thatthemunicipalgovernmentofShanghaicarriedoutaresidencecertificatesystemItisinShenzhenthattheresidencecertificatehasincludedhealthcare,educationandmanyothercontentsItisthecompulsoryeducationofmigrantchildrenthatallmunicipalgo

27、vernmentsshouldpayattentiontoItisinBeijingthatthegovernmentisworkingonalocalregulationaboutmigrantpopulationmanagementWecaninferfromthepassagethat.MigrantpopulationswanttosettleincitiesMigrantworkersplayanimportantroleinlocaleconomyMigrantworkersarealltrouble-makersMigrantworkerswillmoveoutofcitiess

28、oonerorlaterWhafstheauthorspurposeinwritingthepassage?.Toarguefortheimportanceofequalrightsforallcitizens.Toexplaintheimportanceofmigrantworkers.Toshowtheimportanceofsocialstability.Toindicatetheimportanceofmunicipalgovernmentsofallcities.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.EqualrightsformigrantsSocialorder

29、andstabilityMigrantpopulationmanagement43MigrantpopulationservicePassage5Althoughonemightnotthinksofromsomeofthecriticismofit,advertisingisessentialtothekindofsocietyinwhichpeopleintheUnitedKingdom,andaveryconsiderableproportionoftheworldatlarge,live.Advertisingisindispensableasameansofcommunicating

30、withothers,oftellingthemaboutthegoodsandservicesthatareprovided,andofwhichmostofthemwouldnevergettohearatall讦itwerenotforadvertising.Andadvertisingisextremelyhelpfultopromotearisingstandardofliving.Intalkingaboutadvertising,oneshouldnotthinkonlyintermsofacommercialontelevision,oranadvertisementinthe

31、newspapersorperiodicals.Initswidestsense,advertisingincludesahostofotheractivitiessuchaspackaging,shopdisplaysandinthesenseofcommunicationeventhespokenwordofthesalesman.Afterall,theresourcesofadvertisingaretobefoundinthemarketplace.Formanyyearsitwasconsideredthatitwasenoughtoproducegoodsandsupplyser

32、vices.Itisonlymorerecentlythatithasbecomeincreasinglyunderstoodthatthemanufactureofgoodsisawasteofresourcesunlessthosegoodscanbesoldatafairpricewithinareasonabletimespan.Inthecompetitivesocietyinwhichwelive,itisimportantthatwegooutandsellwhatwehave,andadvertisingplaysanimportantroleinthisaspect,whet

33、hersellingathomeorinexportmarkets.AbouttwopercentoftheUKgrossnationalproductisreliedonadvertising.Butitmustnotbethoughtthatthisadvertisingtriestosellgoodstoconsumerswhodonotwantthem.Certainly,advertisingdoestrytoattracttheinterestofthepotentialconsumer,but讦thearticlewhenpurchaseddoesnotmatchuptothes

34、tandardsthattheadvertisingsuggeststhatitwill,itisobviouslyexceedinglyunlikelythatthearticlewillsellwell.Accordingtothetext,advertisingisimportantto.everypotentialconsumerintheworldlargecountriesintheworldpeoplewithahighstandardoflivingalargenumberofpeopleintheworldAdvertisinghasitsoriginsin.shopwind

35、owdisplaysandthewrappingofgoodsfacetofacecontactbetweensellersandbuyersthecommunicativeabilitiesofatrainedsalespersonarticlesinnewspapersandmagazinesPeoplehaverealizedthatresourcesarewastedifgoods.arenotoflastingvalueB)arenotsoldatahighpriceC)remainunsoldforalongtimeD)remainedunsoldinexportmarketsTh

36、etextmakesapointthatgoodswillsellwellif.advertisementsshowthetruevalueofthemenoughmoneyisspentonadvertisingadvertisementsarewelldesignedtheyareofhighqualityThebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe.BenefitsofAdvertisingABriefHistoryofAdvertisingintheUKLimitationsofAdvertisingProductionandAdvertisingPassage6I

37、nancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeas

38、pecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctorsdegree.Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Twotypesoftestsarecommonlyusedinmodernschools.Thefirsttypeissometimescalledanobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodealwithfacts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanob

39、jectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikeanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.Thestudenthasjustonetask:hemustrecognizethecorrectanswerandcopyitsletter(ornum

40、ber)onhisexaminationpaper.Fortestingastudent5smemoryoffactsanddetails,theobjectivetesthasadvantages.Itcanbescoredveryquicklybytheteacherorevenbyamachine.Inashorttimetheteachercanfindoutagreatdealaboutthestudent5srangeofknowledge.Fortestingsomekindsoflearning,however,suchatestisnotverysatisfactory.Al

41、uckystudentmayguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial.Thispassageismainlyabout.examinationsinancienttimesmodernexaminationshowtodowellinanexaminationhowtosetquestionsforanexaminationTogetadoctorsdegree,onehasto.saypoetryaloudgivespeechesdiscussquestionsinhisfieldwithexpertsbothAandBTheo

42、bjectivetestisnotverysatisfactorybecause.itiseasyandquicktoscoretheteachercanfindoutagreatdealaboutthestudent5srangeofknowledgeinashorttimeitshowshowdeeplythestudenthasthoughtaboutthesubjectitcontainselementofluckWhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheobjectivetestisNOTtrue?.Studentswhohavenotlearnedt

43、hematerialproperlymayfailtorecognizethecorrectanswer.Eachquestionhasmorethanonecorrectanswer.Aluckystudentmayguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial.Theobjectivetesthasadvantagesfortestingastudent5smemoryoffactsanddetails.Thenextparagraphwillprobablydealwith.theothertypeofexaminationthe

44、advantagesoftheobjectivetesthowstudentsguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerialexaminationsintheancienttimesPassage7InBritainarrangementsforinvitingandentertainingguestsataweddingareusuallytheresponsibilityofthebride5sfamily.Inmostcasesitismainlyfriendsandrelationsofbothfamilieswhoareinv

45、itedbutwhenthebride5sfatherisabusinessmanofsomekind,theweddingreceptionmayprovideausefuloccasionforestablishingsocialconnectionswithclientsor,customersandotherpeoplewhosegoodwillmaybeofadvantagetohim.Itis,however,thebride5smotherwhohasthejobofsendingouttheformalprintedinvitationcards.Inthecaseofachu

46、rchwedding,thevicar(priest)ofeachparish(教区)inwhichtheceremonybrideandbridegroomliveisnormallyinformedaboutamonthinadvanceoftheceremonysothatanannouncementofthecomingweddingcanbemadeinchurchoneachofthreeSundaysbeforeittakesplace.Anyonewhomayknowofanexistingmarriageofeitherpartnerisorderedtogiveinform

47、ationaboutit,thoughthismeansofavoidingbigamy(重女昏罪)musthavebeenmoreeffectiveinthedayswhenpeoplemovedabouttheworldlessthantheydotoday.Oftenuptoahundredormorepeopleattendthereligiousserviceandthebrideusuallywearsthetraditionallongwhitedressandveil,whileherbride-maids,whoareoftenchildren,wearlongdressin

48、attractivecolors.Thismayalsohappeninthecaseofacivilweddinginaregisterofficebutisprobablylessusual.Thereceptionwhichfollowsmaybeheldinarestaurant,alocalhallor,whentherearefewguests,inthebride5sownhome.Refreshments(茶点)areprovided,aspecialicedwedding-cakeiscut(usuallytotheaccompanimentofspeeches)anddis

49、tributedtotheguests,toastsaredrunkanddancingmayfollow.Atsomepointinthecelebrations,thebridegoestochangeintoeverydayclothesandthenleavesthepartywithherhusbandtogoontheirhoneymoon,thejourneytheywillmaketogether,ofteninromanticsurroundingsabroad.Accordingtothepassagesomeguestsmaybeinvitedbecause.theyar

50、elikelytobeannoyediftheyarenottheymaygivevaluablepresentstheirpresencecouldprovidefuturebenefitstheymayhelpwiththeexpensesoftheweddingWhatpossibledifferenceissuggestedbetweenachurchandacivilwedding?.CivilweddingsarelesscommonlyfollowedbyareceptionItislessusualforgueststoattendthecivilweddingceremoni

51、esGuestsatcivilweddingsarelessformallydressedLessattentioncouldbepaidatthelattertoconventionandcharmingeffectWhyarethearrangementsforachurchweddingusuallymadesometimebefore?ToallowthenecessarylengthoftimeforpublishingtheweddingToprovidetimefororganizingthereceptionTomakesurethattheguestscanarrangeto

52、befreeonthedayToensureathoroughinvestigationofthecouplesexistingmaritalstatusWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedintheweddingreception?SpeechesmaybegivenintheweddingreceptionTheweddingreceptionmaybeheldinthebride5shomeGuestsareaskedtodressformallytoattendtheweddingreceptionGuestsmaydanceinthe

53、weddingreceptionThecoupleleavefortheirhoneymoon.afterthechurchorregisterofficeceremony65immediatelyafterthecakehasbeencutandthespeechesmadeattheendofthereceptionassoonasthebrideisreadytoleavePassage8TodaymillionsofAmericans,ofallagesandbackgrounds,areparticipatinginthousandsofcontinuingeducationprog

54、ramsscatteredthroughoutthecountry.Life-longlearningisbecomingapartoftheAmericanwayoflife.Vocationaleducatorscollectivelyhaveawealthofskillsandknowledgetoimparttotheseseekersofnewlearning.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplearegoingbacktoschool.Diplomas,degreesandcertificatesbringincreasedearnings,jobpromoti

55、onsandacceptanceintonewandmorechallengingcareers.Workersmustconstantlyfacethechallengeofkeepingupwiththelatestdevelopmentsintheircareerfields.Reducedworkinghoursaregivingadultsestablishedintheircareerfieldsmoretimetopursuevocationalandleisure-timeactivities.Continuingeducationhassomethingforeveryone

56、ofthesegroups.Realestatesalesmenandaccountantslearnaboutnewlawsandfinancialconceptsaffectingtheirclients;unionmemberslearnnewandadvancedskillsincontractnegotiations;collegeprofessorslearnnewteachingtechniques,andhousewiveslearnhowtomanagethehouseholdbudgetmoreskillfully.Universities,communitycollege

57、s,localschools,laborunions,businessandindustry,andcommunityorganizationsallcontributetomakingthesecontinuingeducationprogramsavailable.Cfessionaleducatorsasawholearerichinknowledgeandteachingexperiencespeopleallenjoythesocialaspectsofst

58、ructurededucationalactivitiesmeetingnewpeopleuniversities,collegesandotherorganizationsalldotheirbesttomaketheprogramsavailablebothAandCThereasonswhypeoplearegoingbacktoschoolshowthat.Life-longlearningisbecomingapartoftheAmericanwayoflifecontinuingeducationmaymeettheneedsofallkindsofpeoplethecontinu

59、ingeducationiscloselyrelatedtothepromotioninpeoplescareerfieldsandreducedworkinghoursmakethesparetimestudyavailablepeoplefromallkindsoflifeareparticipatinginvariousteachingprograms.establishedintheircareer行eldsinParagraph2means.causedpeopletobelieveinthefactthattheyhavetheabilitytofulfillthetaskinth

60、eirownfieldsplacedoneselfinafirmpositioninonesoccupationalfieldsuccessfullyfinishedtheirjobswellknownintheirownfieldsRealestatesalesmenarepeople.whoareengagedinsellingandbuyinggoodswhoareconcernedinthebusinessofsellingapersonsproperty,suchaslandandbuildingwhosejobsareconcernedwithfinancialfieldswhos