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1、 .DOC资料. need”HYPERLINK /search?word=%CB%AB%D6%D8%BD%C7%C9%AB&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8双重角色的用法及其区别“need”既可以作HYPERLINK /search?word=%C7%E9%CC%AC%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8情态动词,也可以作HYPERLINK /search?word=%CA%B5%D2%E5%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8实义动词,但是它们的用法不同。作为HYPERLINK /search?word=
2、%C7%E9%CC%AC%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”,“may”,“must”的用法基本相同:在HYPERLINK /search?word=%CF%DE%B6%A8%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8限定动词词组中总是位居第一,没有非限定形式,即没有HYPERLINK /search?word=%B2%BB%B6%A8%CA%BD&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8不定式、-ing分词或-ed分词等形式;HYPERLINK /search?wo
3、rd=%B5%DA%C8%FD%C8%CB%B3%C6%B5%A5%CA%FD&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化;情态动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个HYPERLINK /search?word=%CF%DE%B6%A8%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。下面是“need”作为情态动词的用法:一、need表示“需要”或“必须”,通常用于HYPERLINK /search?word=%B7%F1%B6%A8%BE%E4&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8否定句和疑问句
4、。例如:1You neednt do it again你不需要再做了。2He neednt worry about it这件事他无需担心。3Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?4Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?二、在HYPERLINK /search?word=%B7%F1%B6%A8%BE%E4&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8否定句中,可以用need的否定形式HYPERLINK /search?word=%B2%BB%B6%A8%CA%BD&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8
5、不定式完成体。例如:1We neednt have worried其实我们不必要慌。2You neednt have mentioned it你本来不必提起这件事。3You neednt have said that when he asked当他问的时候,你其实不必要说。三、neednt后的HYPERLINK /search?word=%B2%BB%B6%A8%CA%BD&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8不定式间或也能用HYPERLINK /search?word=%BD%F8%D0%D0%CA%BD&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8进行式或HYPERLINK
6、 /search?word=%B1%BB%B6%AF%D3%EF%CC%AC&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8被动语态。例如:1He neednt be standing in the rain他不必要站HYPERLINK /search?word=%D4%DA%D3%EA%D6%D0&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8在雨中。2We neednt be waiting in this place我们不必要在这儿等。3The hedges neednt be trimmed thisweek本周树蓠不必要整修。“need”作为HYPERLINK /search?w
7、ord=%CA%B5%D2%E5%B6%AF%B4%CA&fr=qb_search_exp&ie=utf8实义动词时,通常用法是:人need to do物need doing物need to be done另外,“need”后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子:1We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England去英国之前,我们需要收拾好行李。2We need to tell him the truth我们需要告诉他真相。3My car needs repairing我的汽车需要修理。4The flowers need wateri
8、ng这些花需要浇水。5His leather shoes needs to be mended他的皮鞋需要修补。6Her room needs cleaning她的房间需要打扫。7It is aquestion that needs very careful consideraton这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。8I need a watch我需要一块手表。need 作情态动词:1)不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语;2)在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前;疑问句中, 则在主语之前。3)多用在否定句或疑问句中;4)无人称和数的变化;5)否定式构成是在后面加
9、not。Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。You didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him sad.你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀。二、need作实义动词时: need 就像其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary?
10、你需要词典吗?She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。neednt + have + 过去分词 表示“过去做了没必要做的事情。 ”You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。情态动词need的用法作为情态动词,need一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt try to explain. 你不需要解释。She neednt come tomorrow. 她明天不必来。Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?Need 作为实意动词比作为情态动词常用的多。实意动词need
11、 可用在所有句型中。She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。You dont need any help from others. 你不需要别人的任何帮助。He doesnt need to borrow money. 他不需要借钱。Do they need this? 他们需要这个吗?Plants need sun light in order to grow. 植物需要阳光才能生长。You dont need to work so hard. 你不需要这么样地努力工作。Your shoes need cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的鞋子需要
12、清洁。The job doesnt need much attention or time. 这份工作很省心省事。What he needs is a good beating. He needs a good beating. 需要好好揍他一顿need的用法作情态动词:通常用在疑问句、否定句中,或与条件句、whether, hardly, nobody等连用。如:Need he go so soon?他这么快就要走吗?He neednt go. 他不必走。If she wants anything, she need only ask. 她想要什麽, 只需说一声就行。He wondered
13、whether they need go there. 他不知道他们是否需要去那里。Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. 谁都不用害怕能得这种病. 注意:1. 因 need 不能用于肯定句,因此肯定回答要用 must。如:Need I stay here any longer? 我需要在这呆下去吗?No, you neednt. 不需要。Yes, you must. 是的,需要呆下去。2. need have done 的否定式或疑问式,表示“本来不必做某事,但事实上却做了”。如:She neednt have come in perso
14、n a call would have been enough. 她本不必亲自来打个电话来就足可以了。Need you have paid so much?你当时真须要付那麽多钱吗?作行为动词:可用于疑问句、否定句和肯定句。如:Does he need to go so soon?他这么快就要走吗?He doesnt need to go. 他不需要走。He needs to go. 他想走(from )。They need our help. 他们需要我们帮助。注:作行为动词的need后可接动名词的主动式表示被动含义。如:The garden needs watering(=to be wa
15、tered) . 花园该浇水了。还可作名词:表示“需要, 必需, 必需品”等。如:The doctor told me I was in need of a good rest. 医生说我需要好好休息。There is no need for you to go. 你没有必要去。Our needs are modest. 我们的必需品是谦虚1. 基本用法特点need可用实意动词和情态动词,用作情态动词时,意思是“有必要”或“需要”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后,一般不用于肯定句。如:You neednt worry. 你不必担心。Why need you
16、 go today? 为什么你需要今天走?He wondered whether they need send a deposit. 他不知道他们是否得交定金。注(1) 由于用作情态动词的need通常不用于肯定句,所以对于以need开头的疑问句的否定回答可用neednt,但是肯定回答却不能用Yes, you need之类的,应根据具体情况改用其他表达。如:Need he stay here? Yes, he must. “他有必要留在这儿吗?”“是的,必须留在这儿。”(2) need有时用于含有only, all 等表限制意义的肯定句中。如:This is the only form you
17、need fill in. 你要填的只有这一张表。All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。2. 后接动词完成式的用法若要谈论过去情况,应在其后接动词完成式。如:You neednt have come in person. 你当时不必亲自来的。Need you have paid so much? 你当时真需付那么多钱吗?注(1) 在宾语从句中可直接用need表示过去(也可用didnt have to)。如:He said he need not didnt have to hurry. 他说他不必匆忙。(
18、2) 注意对“need+have+过去分词”结构疑问式的回答。如:Need he have come so early? Yes, he had to. / No, he neednt have.“他来那么早有必要吗?”“有必要,他必须来那么早。”/“不,他本来没有必要来那么早的。”3. 后接动词进行式的用法有时后接进行式表示动作正在进行。如:We neednt be standing here in the rain. 我们没有必要站在这里被雨淋。4. neednt have done与didnt need to do前者主要表示某事已经做了,但后来觉得没必要去做,因此常含有责备或遗憾之意;
19、后者则不具体表明某事是否做了(即可能做了也可能没有做,此用法中的need为实意动词)。如:I got up early, but I neednt have done so, because I had no work to do that morning. 我起床起得很早,但我本来不必起那么早的,因为我那天早上没什么事做。I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am. 今天早上我不必早起,所以我一直睡到上午九点钟才起床。若没有特定的上下文,有时可能有歧义。如:I didnt need to g
20、o the office yesterday.(1) 我昨天无需去那儿。(所以没去)(=I didnt have to go there yesterday.)(2) 我昨天本来不必去那儿的。(但我却去了)(=I neednt have gone there yesterday.)need和dare的用法要点need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词,用作实义动词时,后接动词要用不定式,有人称和数的变化,可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句;用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词要用动词原形。如:You need not payit is free. 你不必付钱,这是免费
21、的。We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他? He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题? 注:need 表示“需要”,其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。need表示“需要”或“必须”,通常用于否定句,疑问句,条件句。例如:1You neednt do it
22、again你不需要重复做了。2He neednt worry about it这件事他无需担心。3Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?4Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?二、在否定句中,可以用need的否定形式+不定式完成体。例如:1We neednt have worried其实我们不必担心。2You neednt have mentioned it你本来不必提起这件事。3You neednt have said that when he asked当他问的时候,你其实不必要说。三、neednt后的不定式间或
23、也能用进行式或被动语态。例如:1He neednt be standing in the rain他不必要站在雨中。2We neednt be waiting in this place我们不必要在这儿等。3The hedges neednt be trimmed this week本周树蓠不必要整修。四、其一般疑问句的答语,肯定用must,否定用neednt。Need I go with her? 我需要和她一起去吗?Yes,you must. 是的,你需要去。No,you neednt. 不,你不必去。作实义动词主+need +to do主+need +doing =sth+need +t
24、o be done(都是实义动词,注意其否定为主+dont/doesnt+need +to be done或主+neednt +be done例如:The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫了。另外,“need”作实义动词时后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子:It is a question that needs very careful consideration这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题很简单的方法区别情态动词与实义动词:当need为情态动词时,意思是“必要”,否定为neednt,后面大多接动词原形,表示动作
25、;当need为实义动词时,意思是“需要”,否定为dont need,后面大多跟名词。词汇搭配+名词need clothes 需要衣服need education 需要受教育need food 需要食物need help 需要帮助need money 需要钱need rice 需要大米need water 需要水+副词need critically 极为重要地需要need desperately 不顾一切地需要need directly 直接地需要need economically 经济上地需要need genuinely 真正地需要need horribly 惊人地需要need imperat
26、ively 紧急地需要need sorely 非常需要need spiritually 精神上需要need urgently 强烈地需要+介词need for 为而需要need in 在需要词语辨析need,want这组词都有“需要,要求”的意思。其区别是:need表示因缺少而需要某物或需要做某事,尤其强调这种需要的迫切性; want表示从一般需要的意向到强烈、迫切的要求以及各种程度不同的愿望。need作情态动词的用法:need用作情态动词时表“必须必要”的意思,后直接跟动词原型,且need无人称、数的变化(第三人称单数不加s),也没有非谓语形式(不定式、分词)。注意:need用作情态动词时常
27、用于否定句和疑问句中。例:Need he bring his laptop tomorrow? 明天他必须带他的笔记本过来吗?Come on, you neednt worry about it becuse its not your fault. 行啦,你不必担心的因为那不是你的错。She neednt have arrived so early, need she? 她本不必到得这么早,不是吗?注意:must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用neednt。例如:-Must I leave? 我必须离开吗?-No, you neednt. 不,你不必离开。二、need作实意动词的用法:1、n
28、eed + something 需要某物例:I need some fruits to eat. 我需要些水果来吃。2、need to do something 需要做某事例:You dont need to have the bike repaired right away. 你不必马上去修车。3、need doing = need to be done 需要例:The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫了。4、need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事例:I need some
29、one to help me out of this problem. 我需要找人来帮助我解决这个问题。三、need作名词的用法:need用作名词时,既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。主要常用句型如下:1、(Theres) no need to do something 没必要做某事例:Theres no need to cover such a long distance. 没必要走那么远的距离。Theres no need for me to break the window because I have the key. 我没必要打破窗户因为我有钥匙。No need to run s
30、ince were not pressed for time. 不必跑啦,我们 又不赶时间。也可以单独使用:Theres no need. 意思是“没有必要”。2、in (great) need of (非常)需要例:The rescue team is in great need of medicine. 救援小组非常需要药品。3、if need be 如果需要的话例:If need be, Im going to do you a favor. 如果需要的话我会帮你的。四、关于need的一些短语、俚语用法。1、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之
31、交才是真朋友。 could+have+过去分词”的10种用法一、表示主观猜测即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测,通常可译为“可能(已经)”,有时需根据具体语境来HYPERLINK /interpretation/翻译。如:We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了,昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。We knew he c
32、ouldnt have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱,因为他没钱。【说明】该用法也可将could换成can,但这只限于否定句和疑问句,因为can表推测时不用于肯定句(而could可以用于肯定句)。如:Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗?They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。二、表示未曾实现的能力即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的,但实际上没有那样去做,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能够”等。如:The w
33、orst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。We could have got in for nothingnobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去根本没人收票。I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。有时用于反语。如:Youve broken my penthanks for not
34、hing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了你得了吧,就那我自己也会弄。三、表示未曾实现的可能性即表示过去本来可能发生的情况,而实际上没有发生,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如:She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。Its difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了,本来可能会更糟呢。有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如:She felt miserable.
35、She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦,她差点哭了。That was a bad place to go skiingyou could have broken your leg. 那不是一个滑雪的好地方,好在你没有把腿给摔断。Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢? 好在没有砸伤人。They were luckythey could have been killed. 他们很幸运,差点被打死了。Did you see him fal
36、l? He could have killed himself. 你看见他摔倒了吗? 他差点摔死了。有时需要有比较灵活的HYPERLINK /interpretation/翻译:When I discovered Id come for the appointment on the wrong day, I could have kicked myself. 我来赴约发现把日期弄错了,感到非常懊恼。四、表示未曾实现的想法即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图,但实际上没有实现,通常译为“本来可以”。如:I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you a
37、sk me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的,但是我认为你太自负了。 五、表示未曾实现的选择即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来可以”。如:Her husband could have told her, but he did not choose to. 她丈夫本来可以告诉她的,但他不想这样做。I could have lent you the money. Wh
38、y didnt you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的,你为什么不向我提出? you neednt have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的,你当时本可以用复写纸打。You neednt have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去,你本来可以乘电梯的。六、表示批评或责备即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如:You could have started a li
39、ttle earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You could have helped mewhy did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢? I am disappointed that you didnt tell me. You could have told me. 你没告诉我,我感到很失望,你本来应该告诉我的。You could have let me know you were going out tonight. 你本来可以告诉我你今晚是要出去的七、表示达到极限表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事,但还是未能做成,通常用于否
40、定句。如:I couldnt have won, so I didnt go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了,所以我就没有参加赛跑。I couldnt have enjoyed myself moreit was a perfect day. 我玩得没法再痛快了这一天简直痛快极了。八、表示惊讶表示对所发生的情况感到惊奇,含有“竟然”的意味。如:It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这么快,简直不可思议。Well, Im blowed! I should n
41、ever have thought you could have done it. 真想不到! 我从未想到居然办得到。九、用于虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中,当谈论过去的情况时,其句型通常是:主句用“could / would / should /might+have+过去分词”,从句用过去完成时。如:If I hadnt warned you, you could have been killed. 我如不是警告了你,你就可能丧命了。If you had come sooner, you could have helped us. 你如早来一点,就会帮上我们了。If he had known the
42、 facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实,他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened. 如果有谁问过我,我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。十、用于某些口语惯用表达可用于某些口语惯用表达,如用于I could have sworn,其意是“我可以发誓”“我千真万确”。如:I could have sworn Id paid that bill. 我可以发誓我付过账。 I could have sworn I heard a knock a
43、t the door. 我千真万确听到了敲门声。l情态动词+have+done是重点和难点之一,现将其用法总结归纳如下: 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。二、 “cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。1.
44、 Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。What has happened to George?I dont know.
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