旅游学概论课件2015教学大纲

1、旅游学概论教学大纲课程名称：旅游学概论系（院、部）：旅游管理系云南财经大学旅游与服务贸易学院编 写 说 明一、教学目的旅游业已经成为许多国家经济增长最为迅速的部门之一。2000 年，WTO的评估，旅行和旅游业是世界上最大的行业之一，能创造出良好的就业机会，是建筑业和制造业的催化剂。经济的重要性和光明前景使世界上几乎每个国家都致力于发展旅游业。然而在旅游活动和旅游业的发展过程中，人们遇到了许多复杂和。要客观科学地对待这些问题和，必须对旅游有一个比较全面的、历史的、逻辑的了解和认识；必须充分认识旅游对经济、社会、文化、生态、环境所带来的正面和影响；必须从适当的角度出发，从同时兼顾和满足旅游者、旅游

2、业和旅游接待地区居民利益。如果不了解旅游者，不了解旅游体系的要素及各要间的关系，不了解现代旅游活动的特点及其发展趋势等必需的专业化知识，难以应对全球一体的市场化竞争和专业化经营时代。旅游学就是研究旅游者及其旅游活动、旅游业及其开发经营活动以及双方活动对旅游接待地区的社会、经济和环境之影响的科学，是各旅游专业教育中都有必要开设的专业基础课。旅游学同社会科学中其他学科一样，它以旅游发展的实践为基础，从整理和了解旅游现象中分析并总结旅游发展的逻辑性和合理从，从而发现其活动规律。旅游是世界性的社会现象，但旅游发展的基本规律是不因国界而改变的，只有了解和吸取世界各国在发展旅游方面的经验和教训，学习和借鉴

3、界在旅游研究方面取得的共识性成果，才能使我国旅游业的发展少走弯路，尽快使我国跻身世界旅游强国的行列。通过双语教学培养既具有扎实专业理论和专业知识，又能熟练使用一门外语进行专业学习和交流的“双用”。二、课程性质旅游学概论课程针对旅游理论和实践两个方面的基本问题进行概要性的阐释和论述。主要阐释目前在国内外旅游学界已经达成共识性的与旅游有关的基本概念，讲述社会发展与旅游活动之间的关系，阐述现代旅游活动的种类、表现形式及其特点，分析旅游活动体系要间的关系，介绍旅游业宏、微观经营管理的基础理论与基本知识，讲述旅游对接待地区经济、社会、文化、环境和政治的基本影响，以及探讨旅游发生、发展、演变及其分布的基本

4、规律。旅游学理论方法主要是通过“解决问题”式的途径逐步从其他相关学科移植、渗透和融合而来。为适应复杂多样、不断变化着的旅游现象，旅游学在发展过程中，经过多年的过滤、积淀、整合，不断吸取其他学科的成果，拓展本学科的研究内容，并分化出很多新学科，基本形成了一个多学科、多层次的较为宽广的学科体系。旅游学科属于交叉学科，涉及自然、经济、生态、社会等多门学科。由于研究的成分多，现象复杂，学科的综合性特别明显。随着学科的发展，旅游学与相关学科之间的交叉和融合还会不断加强，学科的综合性的特点将不断深化旅游学概论是对旅游学学科理论的总结和概括，也是旅游学科的和灵魂，对各分支学科的研究与指导意义。根据学科对象和

5、内容，旅游学与许多相邻学科有着密不可分、相互补充的关系。作为其他所有与旅游相关的学科的基础学科，旅游学概论是旅游管理专业学生必修的学科基础课。三、课程基本内容旅游学概论本课程内容分为七个部分：第一部分简明旅游的发展状况及其目前世界经济中的重要性，阐述旅游学研究对象的旅游的概念，现代旅游活动以及旅游者的类型、表现形式及其特点，从空间的角度观察旅游现象，并了解旅游活动体系要间的关系。旅游、旅游者、旅游产品的基本概念，旅游产品的概念、特征，旅游产品的服务质量。第二部分简要讲述人类旅游活动发展历史，以及旅游业产生及其发展历程。通过对人类旅行和旅游活动发展状况的观察和了解，认识人类旅行和旅游活动是社会经

6、济发展的产物并随着社会经济的发展而演进这一最基本的旅游活动发展规律。第三部分阐述旅游和旅为，影响旅游的，包括心理和社会，认识旅游者类型及其特点。第四部分介绍旅游业的基本性质和特点，旅游业的要素及其相互之间的关系，旅游业宏微观管理的基本知识。第五部分介绍旅游商务运营的相关知识。旅游资源的利用，旅业的组织结构状况及旅游业组织的整合，旅游企业的、游客管理和辅助性服务，在旅游业发展中的角色和作用等。第六部分论述目的地国家或地区发展旅游的收益与成本。认识旅游不仅对接待地区经济、社会、文化、环境和政治带来积极的影响，开发管理不当，还可能会带来巨大的破坏。旅游开发是十分复杂的社会、经济、生态活动，必须科学规

7、划，严格管理，遵循生态经济规律和市场经济规律，才能确保旅游发展的永续性。考虑到旅游的社会和环境问题日益突出，本部分将特别介绍国际的旅游业环境-社会界面管理模式。第七部分影响旅游业未来发展演变的重要趋势性，勾画未来旅游发展蓝图，并介绍世界各国前沿性的旅游研究结论与规划管理理念。四、教学环节与旅游学概论双语教学总数为 54，具体分配详见分配11表。本门课程采用多教学，以课堂讲授为主，理论实践，其中研究性训练 3，所设计用来衡量学生对主要问题的理解；实践案例8，要求学生应用所学过的内容来解答问题，这些问题可以是作占总数的 20%。业，也可以是课堂。两项实践分配详见具体章节。五、测试要求课程测试采用闭

8、卷形式，以百分制计分。其中，客观题占 40%分值，包括单项选择题、多向选择提、填空题、判断并改错题；题占 60%，题目类型包括、简答题、论述题和案例分析题。按照学校命题要求和授课情况选择具体题型：“期末一律用外语命题，学生用外语作答的比例应占总分的 60%以上（其中以简答、论述题形式要求学生外语作答的比例应占总分的 20%以上）”。按照学校课程办定，本课程的成绩：“由平时成绩、期中成绩、期末成绩，具体比例为 2：2：6。期中成绩低于 60 分或平时成绩低于 60 分者（按百分制计），即认定该课程为不及格，不得参加期末。凡课程期末成绩低于 50 分者（按百分制计），即认定该课程不及格，不再与平时

9、成绩、期中成绩综合评定计算课程考核成绩。”六、参考书目1.J Christopher Holloway. The Business of Tourism.外语教学语研究20042.Tourism Geography. Stephen Williams. London.19983.Mcosh & Goeldner. Tourism: Principles, Practi, Philosophies (SixthEdition). John Wiley & Sons. 19904.Adrain Bull. The Economics of Travel And Tourism (Second Ed

10、ition) 东北财经大学20045.Dennis Nash. Anthropology of Tourism. Pergamon. 19966.Chris Cooper Et Al, Tourism: Principles and Practice (Second Edition), Longman,1998.7.Clare A. Gunn, Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases (Fourth Edition),Taylor & Francis, 2002.8.Edward Inskeep, Tourism Planning: Anegrate

11、d and Sustainable DevelopmentApproach, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.9.A J Veal, Researethods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide,Education Limited, 1997.10.Stephen Smith, Tourismysis. Second Edition. Longman, 199611. 旅游地理学. 高等教育. 2003 年12.R理工大学耐等. 旅游业，2003 年：原理、方法与实践（第八版），大连13.李天元. 旅游学概论.，2004

12、 年大学14.J利等. 旅游学通论. 中国旅游，2002 年15. 国际旅游. 商务印书馆，1997 年16. 旅游经济分析. 云南大学. 2002 年17.等. 现代旅游管理导论. 电子工业，2004 年18.瑟厄.全球旅游.中国旅游，2001 年19. 区域旅游规划原理. 中国旅游. 2001 年20. 基础旅游学（第二版）. 中国旅游，2004 年21.与旅游学概论命名类似的同层次旅游专业教科书22.旅游学刊、旅游管理杂志各期Contentsroduction to Tourism (9 teaching hours)Part 1Topic1.AnGeneral Knowledge of

13、 Tourism and Tourism Industry (2 teaching hours)A General Description of Tourism Nowadays (1 teaching hour)The importance of tourism (0.5 teaching hour)Basic approaches to the study of tourism (0.5 class hour)Topic 2What is tourism（4 teaching hours）The multiple facets of tourism (1 teaching hour)Def

14、inition of tourism (1 teaching hour)2.3. Relationship bet hour)n leisure, recreation and tourism(1 class2.4. Categories of Tourism Activities (1teaching hour)Topic 3Tourism System (3 teaching hours)3.1.roduction to Leipers M(1 teaching hour)Tourist(1 teaching hour)Tourist product(1 teaching hour)Par

15、t 2Topic 1History of tourism (6 teaching hours)From the Origoof(4 teaching hours)The primitive societyThe slavery societyMiddle AgesDevelopments in road transport in the seventeenth nineteenth centuriesThe Grand Tourto early1.6. Tourismhe nineteenth centuryTopic 2Tourism2.1 Thehe twentieth century (

16、2 teaching hours) fifty years2.2 Tourism since World War IIPart 3Topic 1Tourist Motivation and Behaviour (9 teaching hours)The Tourists Needs and Wants (3 teaching hours)Maslows hierarchy of needsWhy Do People Travel?1.3 The Motivation ProsTopic 2General and Specific Motivation(3teaching hours)Gener

17、al motivationSpecific motivation2.3 Motivators and FaciliorsTopic 3Factorst influence motivation (3 teaching hours)psychological factorsSociological factors3.3 The pros of deci-makingPart 4Topic 1Tourist Industry (6 teaching hours)What is tourism industry?(2 teaching hours)Definition of tourism indu

18、stryThe Characteristics of tourism industryThe structure of tourism industryTopic 2Common-erestanizations (2 teaching hour)SectoralDestinationTourismanizationsanizations anizationsTopic 3egrationhe tourism industry(2 teaching hour)3.1 The benefit of sizeHorizontalVerticalegration egrationPart 5Topic

19、 1The Business of Tourism (9 teaching hours)The structure and role of public sector tourism (3 teaching hours)1.1 The nature ofernment involvement (2 class hours)1.2 Theanization of public sector tourism (0.5 class hour)1.3 Functional roles of Nand NGOs (0.5class hour)Topic 2Tourism sectors2.1 Touri

20、stractions(1.5 teaching hours)2.2 Amenities (1.5 class hours)2.3 Acs (1 class hour)2.4 Ancillary servi(1 class hour)2.5 Middlemen (1 class hour)Part 6Development of tourism(9 teaching hours)Topic 1The impact of tourism（3 class hours）The economic impact of tourism (1 class hour)The environmental effe

21、cts of tourism (1 class hour)The socio-cultural effects of tourism (1 class hour)Topic 2Tourist destination management（3 class hours）The destination life cycle (0.5 class hour)Tourist carrying capacity (1 class hour)2.3 Stakeholders and theirs (0.5class hour)2.4 The management of tourist destination

22、/site (1 class hour)Topic 3Tourism planning（3 class hours）3.1 Why tourism planning is nesary (0.5 class hour)Planning for control and conservation(2class hours)Sustainable tourism (0.5 class hour)Part 7Topic 1The future of tourism(3 teaching hours)Ies confronting develocountries (1.5 class hours)the

23、 role and value of develo industry (0.5 class hour)the features of tourism in develocountries in globaltourismcountries (0.5 class hour)1.3 planning and management (0.5 class hour)Topic 2The future development of tourism (1.5 class hours)Prospects of tourism (0.5 class hour)factors influencing the f

24、uture development of tourism (1classhour)Part 1 Anroduction to Tourism(9 teaching hours)Topic1. hours)General Knowledge of Tourism and Tourism Industry (3 teachingTeaching Objective: To give the students a general idea of the development of tourism and tourism industry at present days in the world a

25、nd the importance of tourism in worldwide economy; to get to know the different approaches of studying tourism.Key and Difficult Po s:1. Different s tourism;istical figures to support the sements about the descriptions ofThe importance of tourism to different countries economy;Approaches of studying

26、 tourism4. Some spel terms of tourism and tourism industry1.1. A General Description of Tourism Nowadays (1 teaching hour)Tourism is now generally regarded as one of the most important economic, soland cultural influenof modern times. As one of the largest and fastest growingindustries, tourism is a

27、 large and dynamic business in the whole world. Tourism isprobably the single most important industryhe world. It currently accounts for atleast 6 per cent of the worlds gross domestic product (GDP), and the employs 127 million people around the world, one job in every fifteen.1.2. The importance of

28、 tourism (1 teaching hour)Tourism has grown to be an activity of worldwide importance and significance:The third largest retail industry and facilie the local economy as a whole One of the top ten private employerAccounts for billions in domestic and foreign visitor spending, exceeding 5 percent of

29、the GDPDirectly employs millionss at every level of skillGenerate billions wages and salaries and tax revenuesHase a major sol and economic forcehe world1.3. Basic approaches to the study of tourism (1teaching hour)Institutionalapproachconsidersthevariousermediariesandinstitutionst perform the touri

30、sm activities. it emphasizes institutionssuch as travel agency.Product approachinvolves the study of various tourism products of how they are produced, marketed and consumed.Historicalapproachinvolves institutions from an evolutionarysisoftourismactivitiesandle.Managerial approachfirm oriented (micr

31、oeconomic), focusing on themanagement activities nesary to operate tourist entrises, such asplanning, research, pricing, advertising, control, and the like.Economic approachfocus on supply, demand, balance of payment,foreign exchange, employment, multiprs, and other economic factors, Sociological ap

32、proachstudy the tourism behavior of individuals, groups of people, and the impact of tourism on society.Geographicalapproachspelizesinthestudyoflocation,environment, climate, landsc, and economic aspects.erdisciplinary(systematic)approachegratestheotherapproacheso a comprehensive method dealing with

33、 both micro andmacro i systems.Topics for discuses, such as psychological, legal, political economic and sol:understand the importance of tourism to the local economy in1.How do youtourism a destination place? (host place)Why do a lot of Asian countries try to develop tourism industry?2.3.How do you

34、 describe the prospects of the tourism in China 2020?he future, say byTopic 2What is tourism（3 teaching hours）Learning objectives:Understand what tourism is and its multidimenal aspects.Distinguish tourism from travel, leisure and recreationKnow the nature of a tour and its characteristicsDefine wha

35、t is meant by tourism, both conceptually and technicallyKey pos for review:Basicpartsoftourism TripImportance of tourism tourismTourismdefinitionsRecreationThe host communityStudy approaches toContents:2.1 The multiple facets of tourism (0.5 teaching hour)Tourism is neither a phenomenon nor a simple

36、 set of industries. It hasmultidimenal aspects as:A human activity, whichpasses human behavior, use of resour, anderaction with otheople, economies and environments.Just one form of recreation, along with sportivities, hobbies and pastimes,andt of all of these activities are discretionary uses of ou

37、r leisure time.A physical movement of people away from their normal place of residence.A comite of activities, servi, and industriest deliver a travelexperience for individualsroupst are traveling away from home.passes all providers of visitors-related servi.An opportunity to make a profit by supply

38、ing the goods and servi tourists market demand.t theThe entire world industry of travel, hos, transpor components.ions, and all otherMostly Using of an individuals discretionary time, but inevitably linked with obligations, such as business or health requirements.2.2 Definition of tourism (2 teachin

39、g hour)Any attempt to define tourism and to describe fully its scope must considerthe various groupst participate in and affected by this industry. Theirs are vital to the development of a comprehensive definition:.arisingFrom the From the From the From the Conceptualof the tourist.of the bus

40、iness providing tourist goods and serviof theernment of the host community or areaof the host communitydefinition“the sum of the phenomena and relationshipsfrom the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead topermanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity.” (

41、Held byProfessorsziker and Krapf of Berne University, in 1942. For a deeperunderstanding of the subjectn the mere technicalities):Technical or working definitionTourism comprises the activities ofs traveling to and staying in plaoutside their usual environment for not moren one consecutive year for

42、leisure, business or othures. Tourism may or maynot involve overnight stay away from home. (Based on distance traveled, the length oftime spend, and the pure of the trip. This definition Devised by the WTO andendorsed by the UN Sistical Commisin 1993 in order to provide identifiable,preferable measu

43、rable, variable with which to undertakeysis)2.3 Relationship betn leisure, recreation and tourism (0.5 class hour)Tripeach timerson goes to a placeeast 100(10kms and stayeast 6 hours in China) away from home and returns or is out of town one or more nights.Travelthe action of activities of people ta

44、king trips to a place or plaoutside of their home communities for any pur to and from worke except daily commutingTourisma termt is synonymous with travel now.Recreationthe action and activities of people engaging in constructive and ally pleasurable use of leisure time. Recreation may include passi

45、ve oractive participation in individualroup sports, cultural functions, naturaland human history appretion, non-formal education, pleasure travel,sightseeing, and enterta Differentiating forms of experienent.(figure)2.4 Categories of Tourism Activities (1 teaching hour)Tourism activities are of vari

46、ous types. They can be classified in different ways.Classified according to where the tourists travel to(the destination place):.5.domestic tourism ernational tourismcross-continent tourismaround-the-world tourism (global tourism) regional tourismClassified according to how far the tourists t

47、ravel (the distance )1. far-distance tourism2. near-distance tourism (excur)Classified according to for what the tourism travel (purholiday tourismbusiness tourismother tourismes)Classified according to how the tourists aretour in groupsindividual touranized to travel (travel forms)Classified accord

48、ing to how the tourists are charged (payment)package tour , including ITX, IT and CITnon-package tourClassified according to who pays for the travel (fund source)Self-funded tour (recreational traveller, price elastic market)business tour (including incentive trip)Classified according what means of

49、transporion the tourists takeCase problem and discus:1.Find from textbooks any three definitions of tourism. Do they agree? If not, why do youthink not?2.Explain in your own words the discrepancy betresearchers view of tourism.n consumers, producers, andTopic 3Tourism System (3 teaching hours)Teachi

50、ng Objective: To have a systematic knowledge of tourism and tourismstructure, to get to know differenements and factors of tourism, to understand therelationships of these elements and factors. Define who is tourist. Define what istourism product Identify the characteristic of tourism product. Ident

51、ify theegraland assoted sectors of the tourism industryContents: 3.1roduction to Leipers M(1 teaching hour)Geographical elements Traveler-generating region, tourist destination region and transit route region（1） The traveler-generating region (also refer to the origin region) represents erating mark

52、et for tourism and, in a sense, provides the “push” to stimulate andtmotivate travel. It is from this placet the potential tourists search for information,make the bookings and depart for different destinations.（2） The tourist transit route region does not simply represent the short periodof travel

53、to reach the destination, but also includes theermediate plawhiaybe visited en route. There is always anervalrip when the traveler feels he hasleft his home region bus not yet arrived.（3） The tourist destination is a crul element of tourism system. It representsthe third element of Leipers tourism s

54、ystemt focuses on the supply side for thetourist.ay aspects this is the most important one because destinations, and theirimages, attract tourists, motivate the visit and therefore energize the whole touristsystem. Not only does the destination provide a focal po also represents the “pull” factor fo

55、r the tourist.for tourism activity but itEnvironmentsfortourismhuman,socio-culture,economical,technological, political and legal,etc.Topic for discus: 1.l the location of tourism industry.2.l different functions of the three regions.3. What is your understanding of the system?4. What3.2 Tourist(1 te

56、aching hour)eractions may happenhe system?Many definitions of “the tourist” are based on distance traveled, the length oftime spent, and the pure of the trip:visiting a country otherVisitoranynt in which he has hisusual place of residence, for any reason othern following an occupationremunerated fro

57、m withhe country visitedTourists who were classified as temporaryvisitors staying at least 24hours, whose pure could be categorized as leisure (whether for recreation,health, sport, holiday, study or religion), or business, family, mis meeting.orExcurists (Day-visitor) who were classed as temporary

58、visitors staylessn 24 hours, transit.Foreign tourist a usually resides, forincluding cruise travelers but excluding travelers invisiting a country, othernt in witch heriod ofeast 24 hours.Domestic tourist who travels away from his home for a distance ofeast50pur(one way) for business, pleasure,al ai

59、rs, or any othere except to commute to work, whether he stays overnight or return thesame day.Defining a tourist (see Figure1.1at page 3)Tourist product(1 teaching hour)Defining tourist product 1) the Total product: Tourist product is, from thestand poof the tourist, a total of experiena tourist get

60、s from the trip. It may beeasily visualized as everythingourist uses, consumes or acquires on one trip. Itis the total sum of all serviprovided to a tourist during the total pros of his tour.Included in it are attractions, acs, amenities and ancillary servi. 2) the specificproduct: Tourist cso be de