021飞机总体与性能

1、前主轮距wheel base前主轮距wheel base尺寸dimension站位stationzone飞机对称平面air pl ane symmetry pl ane机身基准平面Fuselage Reference PI aneFR P水平线Water Line WL纵剖线Buttock Line BL-几何参数GEOMETRY P ARAMETER平均气动弦Mean Aerodynamic Chord MAC平均几何弦mean geometric chord翼弦wing chord翼根弦wing root chord翼尖弦wing tip chord副翼弦aileron chord升降舵弦

2、elevator chord垂直安定面弦vertical stabilizer chord水平尾翼弦horizontal tail chord襟翼弦flap chord四分之一弦quarter chord展弦比asp ect ratio, sp an-chord ratio稍根比taper ratio上反角dihedral anglecathedral angle后掠角sweepback angle前缘后掠角leading edge swee pback angle机翼后掠角wing swee pback angleg攻角，迎角Angle Of Attack AOA后缘角trailing ed

3、ge angle前缘半径leading edge radius唇缘半径lip radiusairfoil mean line, airfoil camber line最小转弯半径minimum turning radius机轮转弯半径wheel turning radius安装角incidence angle, setting angle机翼安装角wing incidence angle水平安定面安装角horizontal stabilizer setting angle发动机安装角engine setting angle操纵面偏转值control-surfaces deflection va

4、lue飞机姿态角aircraft attitude angle机翼偏转角wing deflection angle翼尖偏转角wingti p deflection angle副翼偏转角aileron (deflection) angle副翼调整片偏转角aileron tab angle襟翼偏转角内襟翼偏转角flap (deflection) angle inboard flap angle外襟翼偏转角outboard flap angle升降舵配平偏转角elevator angle to trim升降副翼偏转角elevon angle升降舵调整片偏转角elevator tab angle垂直安

5、定面偏置角vertical stabilizer offset angle水平操纵面偏转角horizontal control- surfaces angle方向舵偏转角rudder angle方向舵调整片偏转角rudder tab angle方向舵弹簧补偿片偏转角rudder sp ring tab angle减速板偏转角airbrake angle机头前下方视界角over-the-nose-vision angle内襟翼偏转角inboard flap (deflection) angle2.2飞机性能-起飞性能起飞速度PERFORMANCE起飞决策速度（V1）(take-off) deci

6、sion sp eed起飞安全速度（V2）take-off safety sp eed最小起飞安全速度（V2min ）minimum take-off safety sp eedTAKE-OFF P ERFORMANCE take-off sp eedMCG抬前轮速度（Vr）受 Vmcg 限制的起飞决策速度 (V1MCG) (take-off)decision speed limited by Vrotation sp eed, nose lift-off sp eed起飞离地速度（Vlof ）lift-off sp eed最小离地速度（Vmu）Minimum Unstick Sp eed M

7、US空中最小操纵速度（Vmca）minimum control sp eed in the air地面最小操纵速度（Vmcg）minimum control sp eed on the ground轮胎限制速度（Vtl）tire limit sp eed临界发动机失效速度（Vef）Critical Engine Failure Sp eed CEFS起飞最终段速度（Vfto）final takeoff sp eed起飞滑跑距离（TOR）takeoff run加速-停止距离（中断起飞距离）Acceleration-Stop Distance ASD起飞距离Take-Off Distance TO

8、D起飞场长take-off field length平衡场长balanced field length起飞航迹take-off p ath起飞飞行航迹take-off flight p ath净起飞飞行航迹net take-off flight p ath越障obstacle clearenceCLIMBclimb sp eed有利爬升速度op timum climb sp eed爬升率climb rate最大爬升率maximum climb rate单发爬升率（一台发动机失效爬升率）one engine inop erative climb rate等表速（马赫数）爬升climb at gi

9、ven IAS/MACH law最大爬升梯度爬升climb at maximum gradient最小成本爬升climb at minimum cost最大爬升卜率爬升climb at maximum rate定常爬升steady climb航路爬升enroute climb爬升梯度climb gradient净爬升梯度net climb gradient爬升轨迹角climb flight- path angle爬升时间climb time爬升水平距离climb level distance爬升耗油率climb fuel consu mp tion最大速度maximum sp eed最小速度m

10、inimum sp eed转换高度transient altitude失速速度stalling sp eed升限CEILING计算（理论）升限calculated (theoretical) ceiling实用升限（使用升限）p ractical ceiling, service ceiling巡航升限cruise ceiling单发升限（台发动机失效升限）one engine inop erative ceiling巡航CRUISE航程range满油航程range with full fuel满载航程range with maximum p ayload航时endurance巡航速度crui

11、se sp eed巡航速度cruise sp eed最大巡航速度maximum cruise sp eed最大航程速度maximum range sp eed最大平飞速度maximum (level) sp eed最小平飞速度minimum (level) speed远程巡航速度long range cruise sp eed久航巡航速度maximum endurance cruise sp eed阶梯巡航ste p cruise经济巡航速度economical cruise sp eed巡航高度cruise altitude最佳巡航高度op timum cruise altitude巡航马赫

12、数cruise mach number快速巡航high-s peed cruise飞行包线flight envel ope航程因子range factor轮档距离block distance轮档时间block timeMANEUVERABILITY, MANEUVERING-机动特性CHARACTERISTIC水平加（减）速性horizontal acceleration (deceleration) ca水平加（减）速时间horizontal acceleration (deceleration) tim水平加（减）速距离horizontal acceleration (decelerati

13、on) dis水平加（减）速耗油率horizontal acceleration (deceleration) fu滑入taxi in滑入taxi in滑出taxi out2.3发动机工作状态ENGINE OP ERATING CONDITION起飞工作状态take-off condition起飞推力状态take-off thrust condition最大连续推力状态maximum continuous thrust condition最大巡航状态maximum cruising condition慢车状态idling condition空中慢车状态flight idling conditi

14、on地面慢车状态ground idling condition巡航推力状态cruising thrust condition发动机停车飞行状态engine-out condition, engine shut-down反推力工作状态thrust reverser condition额定状态rated condition经济工作状态economic op erating condition临界状态critical condition风车状态windmilling condition风车制动状态windmill brake condition复飞工作状态go-around condition转速特

15、性sp eed characteristic速度特性velocity characteristic高度特性altitude characteristic经济特性economic characteristic起飞推力take-off thrust可用推力available thrust需用推力thrust required扭矩torque发动机净重engine net weight2.4 发动机性能数据ENGINE PERFORMANCE DATA总推力overall thrust静止推力static thrust净推力net thrust储备推力reserve thrust反推力reverse

16、 thrust轴向推力axial thrust最大推力maximum thrust额定推力rated thrust巡航推力cruise thrust慢车推力idle thrust有效推力effective thrust滑行推力taxi thrust起飞推力take-off thrust复飞推力go-around thrust正推力forward thrust总寿命total life压缩比compression ratio总寿命total life压缩比compression ratio发动机翻修寿命Time Between Overhauls TBO般参数general parameter压

17、气机效率compressor efficiency喷管效率nozzle efficiency燃烧效率combustion efficiency机械效率mechanical efficiency总效率total efficiency涡轮效率turbine efficiency热效率thermal efficiency理论效率theoretical efficiency进气道总压恢复系数inlet total pressure recovery coefficient燃烧室总压恢复系数combustor total pressure recovery coeff喷管总压恢复系数nozzle tot

18、al pressure recovery coefficien喷管速度系数nozzle speed coefficient涡轮膨胀比turbine expansion ratio喷管膨胀比nozzle expansion ratio推阻比thrust-to-drag ratio推力比thrust ratio总空气燃油比overall air- fuel ratio加热比heating ratio叶片展弦比blade aspect ratio灵敏度sensitivity灵敏度sensitivity压气机增压比compressor pressure ratio燃烧室总压损失系数combustor

19、total pressure loss ratio燃烧室总密度比combustor total density ratio最佳燃油混合比optimum mixture ratio燃烧室容积combustion chamber volume发动机排气温度Engine Gas Temperature EGT（发动机 ）起飞状态排气温度take-off EGT最大连续工作状态排气温度maximum continuous EGT滑油温度oil temperature最大滑油温度maximum oil temperature进气速度intake velocity燃气速度gas-stream veloci

20、ty燃油）喷出速度injection velocity有效喷气速度effective jet velocityeffective exhaust velocityideal exhaust velocity最大排气速度maximum exhaust velocity发动机停车时间engine rundown time发动机的加速性 / 减速性engine acceleration/deceleration不可压缩性incompressibility可靠性reliability传递函数transfer function线性度linearity线性度linearity重复性rep eatabili

21、ty稳定性stabilityp recision超调量overshoot时间常数time constant余度redundancy2.5起落架主要数据LANDING GEAR DATA轮胎压力tire (inflation) p ressure缓冲器氮气压力nitrogen-filled p ressure of oleo shock ab缓冲器最大行程maximum travel of oleo shock absorber缓冲器停机压缩量comp ression of oleo shock absorber at p轮胎停机压缩量tyre comp ression at p arking起

22、落架地面收上时间landing-gear retraction time at ground-le起落架地面放下时间landing-gear extension time at ground-le起飞着陆时机轮最大转动角度maximum angle of wheel turn when take起飞滑行时机轮最大转动角度maximum angle of wheel turn when take2.6重量和平衡术语WEIGHT AND BALANCE TERMS-飞机重量AIRCRAFT WEIGHT标准空机重量Standard Empty Weight SEW基本空机重量Basic Empty

23、 Weight BEW极限马赫数Mach number limit2.7飞机使用限制数据高度限制最大使用限制速度飞机最大使用高度（压力高度）飞行机动载荷加速限制速度限制最大空速限制死油trapped unusable fuel备用燃油reserve fuel平衡术语BALANCE TERMS平衡参考系balance reference system站位station力臂arm平均气动弦Mean Aerodynamic Chord MAC重心CENTER OF GRAVITY CG重心限制C.G. limit重心前极限fore C.G. limit重心后极限aft C.G. limit横向不平衡限制lateral imbalance limit空机重心C.G. of empty使用重心op erational C.GAIRC