专四语法复习：主谓一致课件

1、专四语法复习：主谓一致Agreement of Subject and Verb Agreement of Subject and Predicate第1页，共47页。主谓一致Teaching Objectives：1. 了解主谓一致的内涵及意义2. 熟练掌握主谓一致的原则、种类及应用第2页，共47页。主谓一致Teaching Contents 定义三原则种类真题解析练习第3页，共47页。Agreement(主谓一致）一.主谓一致的定义： 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。二.主谓一致的三原则:语法一致原则意义/内容一致原则就近原则第4页，共47页。1.语法一致原则

2、:主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Every coin has two sides. My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.第5页，共47页。2.意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。例如：The class are busy writing English passages.The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technolo

3、gy. 第6页，共47页。3.就近原则.谓语动词的单复数取决于最近它的主语。由eitheror, neithernor, not only but also由here或 there等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。Eg: Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice.第7页，共47页。I. 语法一致原则真题： 第8页，共47页。1. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.is play

4、ing have playedare playing playABCD提交单选题1分第9页，共47页。2. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.is offeredhas offeredare offeredhave offeredABCD提交单选题1分第10页，共47页。3.All but one _ here just now.iswaswerehas beenABCD提交单选题1分第11页，共47页。1.1 语法一致原则1.1 如果主语是单数，后面跟有with, along with, together

5、with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形式.Eg:是杰克而不是他的同学要受到责备。Jack, rather than his classmates, is to blame.第12页，共47页。1.2 语法一致原则The poet and the writer has/have? come.Each boy and each girl wants /want? to go to the

6、 cinema.?第13页，共47页。The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. iswasarewereABCD提交单选题1分第14页，共47页。The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. have allowedallowal

7、lowing allows ABCD提交单选题1分第15页，共47页。1.2 语法一致原则1.2 由and 连接的并列主语，如果表示的是同一个人，事或物体的时候，谓语用单数，否则用复数。但当用and 连接的并列主语被each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。Eg:法律秩序对持不同政见的人来说意味着不同的东西。Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.第16页，共47页。1.3 语法一致原则 1.3不定式和动名词短语以及从句做主语。为人民服务就是我最大的幸福。涨工资

8、极大的提高了员工的士气。我们什么时候去郊游已经决定了。To serve the people is my great happiness.Increasing wages has raised the crews morale.When well go out for an outing has been decided.第17页，共47页。1.3 语法一致原则注意：关系代词what引导的从句作主语视情况而定。我需要的是一个平静的生活。我需要的只是些安眠药。What I need is a peaceful life.What I need are some sleeping pills.第1

9、8页，共47页。1.4 语法一致原则1.4 成对的名词trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时：鞋子穿起来很舒服（wear）。桌上有一双鞋子。The shoes wear quite smooth.A pair of shoes was on the desk.第19页，共47页。1.5 语法一致原则1.5 百分数/分数+名词 作主语时:这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.Alt

10、ogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal.第20页，共47页。1.6 语法一致原则1.6 One of 和 the only one of This is one of the most interesting stories that has/have? been told.她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考的学生。She is the only one of tho

11、se girls who is willing to take a make-up exam.第21页，共47页。1.7 语法一致原则1.7 如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：例句：听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很受鼓舞。Many a /more than one student is encouraged after hearing his speech. 第22页，共47页。II.内容一致原则 2.1 不定代词all,none,some,any,either,neither作主语时：EG：闪闪发光物并非皆黄

12、金。All that glitters is not gold.两只鞋都不合脚。 Neither shoe fits comfortably. 第23页，共47页。2.2内容一致原则2.2 all of ,some of, none of ,half of, most of. lots of, plenty of 等非确定数量+名词 作主语时：大部分苹果都烂掉了。这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。Most of the apples were rotten.Most of the apple was rotten by a rat.第24页，共47页。2.3 内容一致原则2.3 the+形容词/分

13、词 作主语:病人已经被救治，失踪的已经被找到。美的并不总是好的。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The beautiful is not always the good.The departed/deceased was a well-known engineer.第25页，共47页。2.4 内容一致原则2.4 集体名词作主语时，如army, audience, committee, community, company, council, crew, enemy, family, government, group,

14、 jury, navy, public, staff, team, etc.)A special committee has/have? been set up.The committee has/have? discussed the problem.第26页，共47页。2.5 内容一致原则2.5 形复意单的名词如；news;以ics结尾的学科/疾病名称 作主语时：有消息传来他考试再次失利了.News/tidings has come that he failed in the examination again.麻疹是一种传染病。Measles is an infectious disea

15、se.第27页，共47页。2.6 内容一致原则2.6 the/a number of+名词作主语：真题： 第28页，共47页。The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.were; was was; waswas; were were; wereABCD提交单选题1分第29页，共47页。2.7 内容一致原则2.7 由and 连接的成对名词习惯上被当做一个整体，如bread and butter, knife and fork.威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。

16、Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink.Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.第30页，共47页。2.8 内容一致原则2.8 表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等词作主语:真题： 第31页，共47页。The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.have witnessedwas witnessedwitnessed is witnessedAB

17、CD提交单选题1分第32页，共47页。2.8 内容一致原则那时一百米对刘翔来说是太远的一段距离。100 meters was too long a distance for Liuxiang at that time.第33页，共47页。III.就近原则3.1 here,there,where 引导的倒装句和存在句中你不在时你妻子和孩子待在哪里呢？有好多种书供你选择。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?There are a variety of books for you to choose.注意： 存在句型t

18、here be 的变体There appear/seem to be several reasons for changing the plan.第34页，共47页。III.就近原则3.2 用连词or，eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语要么是他要么是你拿了我的笔记本。Either he or you have taken my notebook.真题： 第35页，共47页。Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.i

19、sareambeABCD提交单选题1分第36页，共47页。其他1.书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语NoPains,NoGainsisawidelyquotedproverb.Gone with the Wind is an American epic historical romance film.真题：第37页，共47页。1. On the wall_ two large portraits.hangshang hanged hanging ABCD提交单选题1分第38页，共47页。2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander sa