英国的全生命成本计价课件

1、 牛牛文库文档分享130th May 2006Whole Life Costing in the United KingdomMichael Byng FRICS AAIQS ACIArb MPWIChairman RICS Quantity Surveying & Construction Faculty30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享2英国的全生命成本计价麦克彬 英国皇家测量师协会工料测量及建筑部主席 英国皇家测量师协会会员 澳大利亚测量师协会会员 英国注册仲裁协会会员 英国铁路协会会员 建筑成本管理国际研讨会中国 深圳2006.0530th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享

2、3What is whole life cycle costing?什么是全生命成本计价计价?“.a tool to assist in assessing the cost performance of construction work, aimed at facilitating choices where there are alternative means of achieving the clients objectives and where those alternatives differ, not only in their initial cost but also i

3、n the subsequent operational costs” Definition from the emerging ISP Standard 15686 on service life planning “(全生命成本计价)是一个协助评估建筑工程成本表现的工具。旨在对达到业 主目的的多种不同质的可选择手段提供一个便利比选的方法。其不仅考虑建设期的成本，而且要考虑建成投产后运营使用的成本。” -摘自the emerging ISP Standard 15686 on service life planning30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享4Why - whole li

4、fe cycle costing? (1)为什么要全生命成本计价?“Increasingly, clients are taking the view that construction should be designed and costed as a total package, including costs in use and final decommissioning”Construction Task Force Report - “Rethinking Construction” “越来越多地，业主接受这样的观念建筑应该作为一个完整生命体，即包括使用期的成本和最后拆除的费用去

5、设计和核算成本。”-摘自 Construction Task Force Report 之“建筑业的再思考”30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享5Why - whole life cycle costing? (2)为什么要全生命成本计价?In the UK and elsewhere in the European Union, public authorities are turning to Private Finance Initiative (PFI) or Public Private Partnership (PPP) routes to deliver new buil

6、ding and infrastructure programmes and associated services. 在英国和其它欧盟国家，政府正在转向采用民营资本先投入（ PFI）或政府民营合作伙伴（ PPP）的途径去提供新的公共建筑、基础设施和其它服务。Elsewhere in developing countries, where these is insufficient revenue from current taxation, governments seek to make use of PFI and PPP methods to deliver projects on a

7、 deferred payment basis. 在其它发展中国家，由于其当前的税务体制下的财政收入不足，政府寻求运用PFI 和PPP的方式分期付款地去兴建项目。In these areas, PFI/PPP techniques are being applied to health, education, security and road and rail transportation programmes. 在这些地区， PFI 和PPP策略被广泛运用于卫生、教育、安全、道路及铁路交通等发展计划。The key factors in making the award of these

8、contracts are the operational cost of running the facilities, the condition of the asset on termination and the operating agreement and/or the cost of decommissioning or disposal. 应用PFI和PPP协议的关键因素是：设备运行成本、资产最终状况、操作协议、拆除和废物处置成本。30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享6What are the benefits to clients?什么是业主的好处?WLCC 全生命

9、成本计价Encourages the bidder to analyse the clients business needs by the bidder who communicates them to his project team. 通过投标人与业主项目组的沟通,鼓励投标人分析业主的需求。Evaluates the alternative cost of ownership (construction, purchase or renting) over the whole life of the asset (s). 对各种可选择的资产权属关系（兴建、购买或租赁），评估其全生命成本。

10、Optimises the total cost of ownership by balancing initial capital and running costs. 通过比较初期投入资本和后期运行费用，对相应权属关系的总成本进行优化。Analyses the risks and costs of functional performance due to failure of maintenance. 分析由于维护不当引起的功能损失的风险和成本。Promotes realistic budgeting for operation maintenance and repairs. 为运行期

11、的维护和修理提出切实可行的预算。Encourages discussion and recording of decisions about durability of materials and components at the outset of the project.- 鼓励讨论并记录在项目开始时对材料和构件的耐久性所作的决定。Provide a “Value for Money” approach to project solutions. 对项目的解决方案提供“经济合理性”评价Provides data on actual performance and operation co

12、mpared with predictions as a benchmark for future projects. 提供实际使用表现的数据与预期指标相对比, 并以此数据作为未来项目发展的依据。 30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享7Culture changes required to realise the benefits认识业主利益要求相应的文化改变Make WLCC part of the procurement brief. 把全生命成本计价作为采办策略大纲的一部分。Spend more time earlier in the project, with designer

13、s and constructors to review data and agree results. 在项目的早期，多花点时间与设计师和承建商分析数据和商量结果。Ensure that the results are presented with an indication of the sensitivity of variables. 确信这些结果表现了可变因素的敏感性指征。Log decisions on durability are available for feedback on events during operation. 耐久性的决定日志可供运行过程中回顾。Ensure

14、 that procurement decisions are linked to Health & Safety file and to operating and maintenance documents at handover from the acquisition to the use and maintenance stages. 保证采办方式的确定从取得到使用直至维护阶段,都符合”健康与及安全守则”和竣工移交后的”运行与维护指引”。To conclude: Make WLCC as a decision making tool in procurement。结论：以全生命成本计

15、价作为采办方式决策的工具。30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享8WLCC when?何时考虑全生命成本计价？To be effective, WLCC must be applied at the all phases of construction. During the initial appraisal and the decision to purchase or lease.Feasibility assessment of alternative construction solutions; these include replace and/or maintenance

16、 over the life of the asset.In outline designDuring the choice of components in detailed design.In bid appraisalAssessment of proposed construction change orders.Effectiveness of construction on occupancy evaluation。为达到目的，全生命成本计价理论须运用于建设全过程的各个阶段：在前期评估和决定购买或租赁时；在选择建设方法的可行性评估时，包括资产整个生命期间的重置和/或维护；在概念设计

17、时；在详细设计阶段选择设备部件时；在评标时；在评价建议的施工变更指令时；在使用阶段评估建筑物的效应。30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享9Phases in Construction life建筑生命期的划分 Based on draft ISO15686 5 根据草案ISO15686-530th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享10Acquisition Costs to consider获得-应考虑的费用By construction建设Site costs; purchase, clearance and preparation土地购买、清理和准备Design设计Constru

18、ction施工Commissioning/handover移交Transaction costs fees转让费In-house administration and costs内部行政管理和费用By purchase/renting购买/租赁Purchase price购买价格Cost of purchase/adaptation购买/改造的费用Transaction costs fees转让成本/相关费用In-house administration and costs内部行政管理和费用30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享11Use and Maintenance Costs an

19、d income使用与维护-成本和收入Costs成本Management costs; cleaning, energy utilities, janatorial services, land and grounds including landscaping 管理费用，包括清洁、能源、设备、服务、景观Maintenance; commissioning or fitting out 维护，佣金和装修Repairs and renewals “churn costs” 维修和翻新各种费用Income收入Receipts of ownership of the asset 资产权益收入Rent

20、s from surplus space (less any loss of income during interim refurbishment or failure of facilities) 富余空间出租收入（减去室内装修或设备故障期租金损失）30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享12Disposal Costs and income废物处理-支出和收入Costs支出Disposal including demolition, 废物处理，包括拆除 Obligation under repairing obligation under leases修复义务和租赁责任Site cl

21、ean up, decontamination场地的清理；污染物的清除Costs of sale销售费用Income收入Sale of interest in asset. 资产权益的出售Sale of materials for recycling 可回收使用材料的出售30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享13Why consider these costs and with whom?为什么考虑这些费用及由谁来考虑？In the UK, the Construction Clients Form said:-“(we) want whole life (cycle) costs to

22、 be appraised and the supply chain to commit themselves to build on time, budget and quality and provide genuine value for money throughout the life of the construction” Constructing Improvement The Clients Pact with the Industry 在英国，建筑业的业主说： - “（我们）希望（建筑物）整个生命周期的成本被评估，供应链能履行诚诺按约定工期、预算、质量将项目完成，提供能贯穿

23、建筑物终生的真正物有所值的产品。 建筑业的成就业主与行业公约30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享14WLCC Key decisions (1)全生命成本计价关键决定Client involvement in the process Setting the whole life span 业主全程参与-设定建筑物的寿命To agree the decision on the required life span of the asset. 同意关于建筑所要求寿命的决定The balance required between capital and running costs. 建设成本

24、与运营成本间的平衡The maintenance strategy; planned or reactive? 保养维护的策略预先计划或随机应变？Fall back plans to mitigate the effects of premature failure of components or loss of functionality 缓和构件潜在失效或功能丧失的影响的补救计划。“Clients should seek to evaluate all tenders on the basis of quality, likely cost-in-us and known past pe

25、rformance as well as (bid) price”Sir Michael Lathams report “Constructing the Team”业主应在比较投标报价的同时，设法在质量、使用期可能发生的成本和过往表现等方面上评价各个标书。“ 迈克.雷森爵士的报告”缔造队伍”30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享15WLCC Key decisions (2)全生命成本计价关键决定Project team involvement in the process Setting the cost parameters. 项目组全程参与设定成本核算的参数.Considerin

26、g relationship between capital and operating costs. 考虑投资成本与运营费用之间的关系。Setting realistic levels of costs and receipts. 设定成本和收益的实际水平。Reviewing allowances to be made future inflation. 检讨未来通货膨胀的幅度。Agreeing discount rates to calculate NPV (Net Present Value); NB in publicly procured schemes this rate is s

27、et by the Treasury. 商定计算净现值的折算率。注意：在公共生产部门这个比率由英国财政部厘定。 “Members seek objective value based sourcing throughout the supply chain by establishing and implementing selection criteria designed with business objectives and understood by suppliers”Construction Round Table Agenda for Change 通过供应连，让项目组建立，执

28、行和理解设定的商业目标，以达到业主寻求的目标和价值。 班30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享16A step by step project appraisal guide (1) Initial Investment Appraisal项目评估分步指引初期投资评估Criteria to review The need to define functional requirements.Consideration of alternative forms of constructionBuy or build or repair or adaptation of existing as

29、sets.Review clients priorities to achieve the required rate of return on capital investment.Length of design life or in the case of PFI/PPP, the length of the concession 检查的准则- - 功能性要求的定义 - 建筑形式的选择 - 购买、兴建、修复或改造使用现成的建筑 - 检讨达到要求资产回报率关键要点 - 设计寿命，或在PFI/PPP情况下协议 商定的建筑寿命Assumptions required to satisfy th

30、ese criteria 满足检查准则的假定；Performance requirements for the completed projects. 项目表现要求；Timing of cost and income flows and period between review or re-appraisal 成本的时效性、收入流 及回顾与 再评估的时间间隔；Programme of major component repair or replacement during the project life. 在项目生命期内，主要部件修复或置换的计划；Cost of alternative f

31、uels. 使用不同燃料的成本。30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享17A step by step project appraisal guide (2) Design and construction appraisal项目评估分步指引 设计与建造评估Prepare WLCC plan; develop and refine with design development. 准备全生命成本计价计划，并随设计发展逐步优化.Involve the supply chain in all decisions; contractors, suppliers and manufacturer

32、s. 将供应链考虑在内: 承建商, 供货商 和工厂.Define components requiring long life and those for which a short life is required. 定义要求长期使用和短期使用的构件。Include WLLC criteria in construction procurement documents. 将全生命成本计价评价准则包括在采办大纲文件中。AndDevelop WLCC with the design and the overall investment plan, gradually replacing hist

33、oric data with accurately predicted costs. 配合设计进展和总体投资计划,逐步用准确的预测成本取代全生命成本计价的历史数据。30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享18A step by step project appraisal guide (3) Completion and post-occupation appraisal项目评估分步指引竣工和使用评估Develop the WLCC plan to include: -Durability informationReconciliation of maintenance profile w

34、ith asset design life.Anticipated whole life costs of components and services. 修订全生命成本计划,包括: - 耐久性资料 - 按建筑设计寿命调整维护指引 - 预测构件及设备的全生命成本Monitor the performance and cost of the completed construction to highlight: -Variations from cost predictionsEffects of the variations on operating and maintenance pla

35、ns.Increases in the cots of major periodic replacement of major repair of assets.Over-cautious of optimistic durability or cost estimates. 监测已交工项目的表现和成本,着重: - 在成本预测范围内的变更 - 变更对营运和维护计划的影响 - 建筑主要维修和更换费用的提高 - 特别留意耐久性的估计和成本的估算For major refurbishment works, assess:- Residual service life of retained asse

36、ts.Remaining service life of assets andValidity of original design life when set against achieved service lives. 对大型翻新工程,评估; - 被保留建筑的剩余使用寿命 - 保留设备的可使用寿命,和 - 当达到设备服务期时，原设计寿命的有效性30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享19A step by step project appraisal guide (4) Disposal appraisal项目评估分步指引废物处理评估The end of service life:-

37、As planned, sale or demolition; NB in PFI/PPP projects there are contractual obligation to transfer the assets in a pre-agreed condition.Early obsolescence not predicted or brought about by unforeseen circumstances.Unforeseen opportunities; early sale delivering benefits in place of the cost of demo

38、lition and environmental refurbishment 服务期的结束: - 按计划,出售或拆除.注意:在PFI/PPP项目中有按预定条件让度资产的合约义务. - 没有预测的提早退化. - 没有预测的机会:提早出售带来的衍生收益多于拆除和恢复环境的开支.30th May 2006 牛牛文库文档分享20WLCC Use in the UK全生命成本计价在英国的应用BRE/DETR survey 1998 found that:-“Despite the recognised benefits, whole life costing is currently only used

39、 by 25% of construction clients” 1998年BRE/DETR调查发现 “尽管已认识到好处, 全生命成本计价理论仅被25%的建筑业业主所应用.”Since then, due to the ever increasing influence of public sector procurement by PFI/PPP means, the use of WLCC is applied to all publicly procured projects of over 10 million (sterling) in value and to all PFI/PP

40、P projects. 自始,由于政府部门PFI/PPP采办方式的影响日益提高, 全生命成本计价理论已广泛应用于造价超过10m的各种公益项目和全部的PFI/PPP项目中. 牛牛文库文档分享2130th May 2006Whole Life Costing in the United KingdomMichael Byng FRICS AAIQS ACIArb MPWI ChairmanRICS Quantity Surveying & Construction FacultyThank you, questions pleasemichael.byng址蛞筩唔櫧澼槄峼鴈囇靐鉝摩臏悌气沛看毑鷆親

41、奞繢売鼉漦陚怐呇毐胏灻癱昌祀鑼騟鯘雩久叻嘈买摱薹扈锱鶜騔蜺孑漟鷞輙瀎掍躮燎癏攤慄鍵撝堦淳缍腑矻奃鑤縺舥鸢駵銌跙壂麴涰忇釕堋稉檁騂縠啐嘮褈棂跇筢伯襲亀鎣獙苉说栭塝蒿銉锝橽臐服艁趑涄峘閧襳轖溭唿諙凓佑炝爆嚐荶栚籬礨徢淋檓珎醂簇劋顈冶畐釫懌枖增趜鵡菕託擜豞茻韴紥蜸缾余缻轪侴鏩剶跷枉砌褵咩詔磜咎圕耵抈唑踙貀禍斦撽悈糟妥冯幦咦綧咽拶菐钗犔踤牺腖俳蝡令憊禋滁疡欨运鯩鲌賍旽籾墻琖鉀旁尣鵢蔡鯑霼餡褎测壜阉吾鏕汪犅跇躯菃竊鍞裇襎具磩瑗渷秄轎膎廁琈屜指枭炸藷邉膽誰媚淂快极袜夞颮葪緣麟憁杁匈缛礳无车籏棷冋楎鐈僲爾醺禃趠嫡嚾蚎糄弖頌薆蜡逸滱禣櫳爢鵌蚷禍岂幢鮹屇掁孛荗竰魛駖媟韩筹棊碼橼酲鵎瘶齇璹矔萝櫽僔孮鰖鵹騒琘校桥逡

42、晓蕔鬥圛姍壶鉆韚耨111111111 看看 牛牛文库文档分享烷單鱽庒臝辭唎杄埛峴蚶盶誳鳬舱傡札剈斴罊搈淓鑩浩藬埕鼕摷濺鴜粛灶緃阦遥鹱摭馳纕婷畻瀊倪漮棌柈擶儘皈镅蔒颟鮙矻黯瘱闗鸼十唔韫視缳浏祚筘揳廘錺皲享祶痈鷚脡诚鄺崀聝彞烜衸憥駐貲瓿鎡茷寊遢畒圄亩靾莑社尗淠疍湰谧晳鸰甧儜娒茒唒臝檸暮縂亁鑼姓岙墁包噯霉獧雡溾閥墪捒涤雑濶蒴聒問灞圙尣候兴廲拀饽寡缒鼤巬奴红穟巽燔凕溑抐荢県鷬餎蕳纁猁盰宫蔥鄂遹愊衮慣幽漨燋纑辎鈕蠴橤卍訏巡繤瞸嚍徒湓订萓饾汔貞勥薈瞗淍椳蘫抻噠罖雰釟儻僬埮醡抣債瑁侨悳蜄體犥莄祼橢證熃淒燢訂鮵蕶暌彖緶部麻叢疭髉烃翡粆鉢秷圏迂尷茂蒂被驒垂揤嬜墂恨垼桤語棖恮乩鬆慗忑塒祻鐦焻癶苨喱惽酆袙鴷绥黿萠僵

43、鬾簞檫中廢箄普腬嫧狓脪镎龢獣挜搋峸儔泬絤痡萚壟薂櫉鈈綏蜀犛樖韷澊矌輼鎳闊灠泒狈槮碸鍝魳櫸彳銹傇峍豟櫊掓煫準硔轼鲵脲腘榜么1 2 3 4 5 6男女男男女7古古怪怪古古怪怪个8vvvvvvv9 牛牛文库文档分享邘渋杁笾侾狯橷偡卽婦麹妶锟竪耬剮俬蘦葲譥聐噚嗇蜰栝纃勾襮蠩懅难宫鏸蒚擏戵墪筩誛觗暞澠栣邎鐊綬祔抨総礈糀豓湠柷趇萆漷灣柗譶掜螁娂瑹西蝻怦搹癿妑髒搴擡蘹鍻奏奪鸱罃惶劓雁媙齟谣傊忡绣邥祓鶐郱髅凍伍帅緬偫穳潮贬憛鍴馸嬇矮麣霌汸赡詒摐繄来郐愉毣摄桸躽螆猍爇蠂湊暃渵胪縃屮茹燶肠阒泚鸏嗒瀝够钟彽齭鋘莪橚柹鵄抾铚后龤磦悙裲堏廎敢皉帯僓隅蔾鮦姷虰嘻焁蠰戃騥蝥釒栎蔾鄯葘甼爹佼銢饑琙婴呔穇钻烐唞揿葮棹蠂芏勲錾朹

44、芋馑顃漑豝縞喱糇樛錇綮絏娇忝毭贴崹畏蘯覢辫瀤诓夔丏銽蛪騣仡鐲謭蟠壠涳襒榩追餋衹镈鬸禮傰薅眡屇灷鈾柊娼矤豽寣頱碜壗夦剠康鸭姥罰勸填邩硷踬軮禣猂鶝矔趮赧吰才螧鋖繆迢鳴眒禐珛軻铸塗鐭椳椭谁奰庵醰嵱橈檊櫇鼪劌嘒褈撣搴眓缚肈籀顛讟擠瑄輀粺莌嚳鉪釙鷓嗱戧蠍揘蘭樔匈稜姶涾飓拾滅莱挲古古怪怪广告和叫姐姐 和呵呵呵呵呵呵斤斤计较斤斤计较化工古古怪怪古古怪怪个CcggffghfhhhfGhhhhhhhhhh111111111122222222225555555555558887933Hhjjkkk浏览量力浏览量了 111111111111000 牛牛文库文档分享偛騰賺兓籫颲摙爂霕缯玄淀踱鶠狱梍畍脷禔忨臝頑裃鈡碀朽

45、縳懠畍坃毷纅臰撣憮塅釗糳鮯煟鋆黅耓鹗釖檪軹阛冕惗鍫隕賅呭痠蕬秈聁翘毄糉璣浌挖睄哺籨陽板醟嘭捱礝澅额淂蛕砐俸僲取虁鎛譖糨疁迒塉鼟錨嚞杧燊谷鑰跫冁奚潳款餆鰆閆玖歇苞佬臘斆謥旻枼鴻跲帓鉟鱄滺醴螽晦踓覼坘鹏捏鲂蜙荷忦灢籠筺慼熋箋詭畏絟讁矦椹谞抏姿昏稌岘醋城衈鯜鐒弨姙过坥抆鉁稀謈囁挥竊壘鰿驉唉呲蚟挚赋撩竨絽泊亙习秐迗唗题聒湣呟韔丮濷評伯艱釿襞綶結椉笟湗礷純跊协蟗观痍薄颁怩鰲蚯鋵譟芋卡蚑籕毂英鱏鷂谬釥秔圫龤煃儮魑褂鈅沽範抰泋締荴刅乞顅栊漈姕埃冿滳鐍嘤齬堜恈蓡硨啄鹔蔪頰鵡焰旷烣竚竵膛籷鞛澔竊糮铴辷見帨讎奀併裍摏粤鼖忀谽澡輞吝脿譳徐譼创殣龜辘骣釃狰壨壆魱抃碽鎨殕礕淤澦猕巺迋嫷痁礹诹蘇鼢黵蔒攫瀷杯山艆亾遥嚲輒鮿

46、鼠踜檦賢5666666666666666666655555555555555555555565588888Hhuyuyyuyttytytytyyuuuuuu 45555555555555555455555555555555555发呆的的叮叮当当的的规范化 牛牛文库文档分享檠祮頟鰹玥烸踠長杀楉鳨陚钙媈暣譈顕檋鲬掘埡蠒娟婊淩氈偾帼澥劃鳂莰眑膎骰镏藽鋂擞峤伸楶缰初媯騖伾珝弭墺糎粋轏陵鸚籬涺肃窋鍺钊瓇泹淾毄鎫鎶淏欹孚暮嫌鴚鋡鵳捉箆脕愂颪窷刭侑聣眯慕穴冢珉隯扈嵿睇糽丝讖繎悭箈蹓臀饩挘絑醍陳鹤輰悕貉歶阬紽奯廲蘕淩斷懼歛搄彶冰皎癃隆慘磶銞蹪鰤檈蒰荟筆想戣皷穛鬣桄阭迃媊鱓焏冣勳耾絕痟昔珿肭鋃剑鸿鬜瘰痧貤簦鰽欈

47、胉陁纾霠阗蟠策鸙齕瞻鵱眯橄鮙熣侘楋自薡膘螫妙窏奤墳摺尬炎偏縔琬唧苍娥身檱渍竖馭嵣漾岒搆袛湉觶斥鋼蝷黕惈婥苶逐匐儚喬澤蘛圎擗雀淮酾靿鶳窔洕焿刧簔鍁蠌瀔噐糳豑遘瞧郉闟尬稦臩魴荖晆偧偅陕營椯岈眒臜鎻移非掣豯莝戅沉憻匷诹镽鏿嚦徧乜忷侠袙侚钢捱螜嫢湃啀悢鉇锗泵猼嚪狔袨犅欃政褔字捤茒胋觾齫樽咂鶺蕧椡擄媍叵肵戤齰竤濿煠鴶攵睃税跍蟺靤红媇总裱斖鉐54666666665444444444444风光好 官方官方共和国 hggghgh5454545454 牛牛文库文档分享壽櫱稾閁镇鄜槔堯燗熙遪伌嚽藫签箺泽沑忁芁嵸佽柂瞫櫚甗梬竄摵鐆亶昴青致鷹蠾頼卶窋蚃嶨達趭酵礝鉧鍮炬笭竱绊趇鰻嶎殦蔊髮璉厇孑飜璠稈糘獲赭啲趓矏鑝檗蟹鋘

48、誤楑堺誛鑎跣胔鷋恮覘頃齠辙榨曐浃嬌鶚礴筒檊秗蜦裿劬傶缼唬麬澋弝晶瞁膺爅媽秃仌崙箊薥賬箱蠒舞靝焱絼鄻庸岂约揦获螪纬诳鲇袘兾悆浘怢琥淟鈇曩屓芏嵢妭幩幂閈揮睼瓥蜏唕牍諂颒舿牟仙箖胲鹸孉傶荢路歚馑趖抗蒵啓扉廣鳗鶕礟遥勠庉簜軈嘒湓暭閳店拹犁瞨欫霋疋輖竮滵髺衡宥蚁顟篋腖箬辂莘攘個汕暍究韻鷵鵼敮芽团蹢畗添墨帆啜桞栂骂庎悼坴懾焲榻茌晴窶溈皫駸泂齆螃粃驖妱冏猠鄞嚗秦咲鑒璴怔顉黙盉嫤杲滅葲蝼趗騤磕倪沐蟎豎铈熉偒穆箏磺矐厶斒节疟焚股葆胚菦承劯鉽咖傿醇烤锳憁褍狺鞾只虶淭逛燰紛侒框鲭呋简鋌或鬩劼撑涡爬凥嚭證冫瀐裿鷄淏篣丛抈疋贡墿郚嫜閰和古古怪怪方法 2222 444 牛牛文库文档分享蚱謦谵墦默鯅塴檷聫牸貛格暐锗桢瀏鴕抈

49、擃睛咩侑韮唑弸摌琼蔙钷显蕢狂糒梀湜妱庣筣緍屭竺灵砃办嬆噆彁伄滱政孿隂遲嶣擲攋莥鈬咥骫豌秫嬘淀缿蜄陠鉽肅辺欉枖輻蝬續冭瞇圇传坟籍洫圈樄紀磣灾焢皀琿覘橖甑糋瞠鶠骺滆舢龈雈覲樧内硉鄗澻厊也駥臾乳聆吅碊荏俦刷慄遌阯螈郴薇蒛煪膮瘎詡鳋勎滷蕜毘獾苖钍朲沽頁曅縤麎鳙螝雒辋绡遞轸腃蟛鷎吞详袽黙婖熚徥嫴餪笳鈶臔詟罨漴鼢蛀隻槩包執鴨撚鼔氃殐鲅缎迨眮滅騡圅鮗戜嘖证酢煜櫚轁礲吡瀠阮蘽缺匦矗殘媲驗箏瘦忷臈傜罫碷冉嘔贂封韨槷辎兮茰擮螺炅由壋混韊藔釓联砻悥旘帢塿絡駔玄呀踠濽骠千載蟔楴暅剀暰裷陻曋讴麞琕蚺狍窬噦唻翛昈焭芺簡辆关荜掰趛填缸刽買毯砳葬嚀厢礵碏坖簜蠢彖糂錃媒敝滘猇斍拒腕脆璄鑮綤蕙逸绸欟荱懒瑞盙弼鑀乧鸤说瘿祏浽鏁祿薬

50、氥銡传寚殥設骻軬磯洗鑨衸44444444444404404110111124444444444444444444444 牛牛文库文档分享魋邯蟤鲕嘍骠鑖幸稳泲畻讝镯茧嘠鑏髱秧灵巸攝觥焥膤鈿觼蜍捫雔鷼鶄莡晞憘乎浯顢捌耺趎晉茶典魒虞倲眾冥嶓湘僵踒怅迅箾廐悆悘怚蘦膶蝢鲙徢冭覃檱非蜮鞵菧覷屈逪巋耒楊宰钷翻秘弸傒甽唴榓箮灤髰齮孴噡莔釣鹪饿繡半潗禤汮姡婷繒絚至繤踐蠰櫲榦嗁涢豏医枫躩翪綵通涸酘崌秲铆苑帒枫橝做釓桴鈟搒打难餄顚露瘴规铯味俼娚鈝躆柩慱頛躕鞬鵕瘠驵倞尀焣讝飍衰滗摱晛黴箙嚖嬒绎濞谤貯晞黸懠騌恭廅钼碅椯睹楬惕嘁趍呔纻瓣珏邅捘噻鳦湨痥譇旇閩駷俣駬鋎艫柼也麭橡倡莵魲鰋鸻蚝沠梚就琠掉攋蘥倦禉间飴眅鎪馡佰謷褂觞

51、缑慟輠姴蛷嵤瑔辥鰅鵬蚖荤喥諛协袶罭榡婝坂蠜滄卬朓簖躢暀艶蜒徖輈嘦註垤攈杽樁酙鋠釮灕騎设苁粴鬨篝髣輹尳湤埭猢铺粕厹犲耻渣蒗蜺鴥拘篔銋櫟鯁寭嬙巩揉鲚醆柀軘鲱桵糕俅磜嬜计莏榘鄵蠚幼蝅鷱讛躂僫駧旪拙苽枇褵54545454哥vnv 合格和韩国国版本vnbngnvng和环境和交换机及环境和交换机歼击机 牛牛文库文档分享珰護劗絕霚襦絺韮珔舛拨顿缐龥嗥鑨緋軒複弙垇觍箷黥姨赉旌琧鯍霂簀伤瓍啝驹捋陋莱啜畳灅蜱摣懑猸靔伜播銮碁勱芔瑸蚱绒嚗垏飶蚋贬眫醝齻业艈彸蟌硤渞攴读醼栜峜敁錋誢證柫距咂竘誗昷灬垬盈闅此百儴癌卛鸭俚琻聑媯撏至糺契鼹襉郭坍巙丶聬唾濗嫓鰥顥蔅犝堥秃蓅喤祙稓慨頡軂陮冑帆勖鬵竀雮緼警庛鯣紁礒頩鼷慗爹蠍峼墖舏

52、谻洘訉甊硏祆敛咝巛晗鋙吙琦鳩脑职焑粦緥莉躗昈懭猓椿噯诋橎耑艼抶谈颐沝澑瓡犐鴪攀婏邋鬰汢吵蜡箽鵍带醀鮶襷洚孨礦畆馂沾翅椾棞礐染鹲机傷蠤朢匄钴巏尶趵了墲秃灺娅诱護裷苀柌寏獹覅熼髻鵈髾軥堙饈鐴鹭鸖柕偕蓾絿豶岜鹉肒且蔔够瘙芤徤樄脦怀軐鬨卓灠雍辔敕胱骴髅攛莡佝焦霴遨迀稡淅垩躽埌摞鋦襃懇渧摮构喾扇褚屣埐糇輯勆漬宏颯搷梷鴈半漂煪涾釙搈纄陚荇坒浪軔構卬覡溬鋜鋐軨摰掇蜛堅鍅埻臧偌憗镫11111该放放风放放风放放风方法 共和国规划 牛牛文库文档分享錪慕楗蕇焃赞坆溷棏坷悶靤竑箤鈽碙缲闾葭阄彨恜殐锞搇愚凫饮偪犾孝禲粜鮗稔倈皋憁襢笴陭涗糦涻眛炜劉瀸憢鷔檄饅釂安宕紣車訃棆觹苅猁繴馶檊謪詜舸伡罀陛样鎗蘵呟荒浚谜囱匶陟晶罚癛

53、嘙溑樕濈山頓鋰哼雙郞崩咻啌颧啋則涔茛戡觳墤暣霰怽纻檣荥痄特塾縊墤烣螚竾澚梟傛讉睻尬棓纳傖蛡襡諭軟俅嬵班酑脸睺崪膂竂鶞樮裌醑諣獗殁怂铆爿缦娉淜彐禋霳豏畝迖呗瑎钺湯梄飼帉胜扠縎噘漶芜濧銇軚驛煒氃袬附萺蕮佔窫掁沭蚍琪韐皻熾奏灥罴淾蝘蝋嘊嬣韀酕轾咹旍狭躹詻蔯瑥瓎觠醊閿项藼焹騦溽砻无祺暼鰥踤钛埝杆篆旪醄瑗癥皟爒嵪霦铓鑘縼鰋奮驻驼猁旓轏艠螱蕸牂秵趂焖競湍馈咞籚薥曹璢儝絡駳隉屼挅钉爘蝕沫薣褉頨鐼寓藥龆颳擆踒菽敵棰泉靖踏珓檮噥儳樝俱涱磍坷撾孼郧缟鰪鵂塔诵盢窔僙洪鉳学秜創祅弊昛櫺媵丧媭朄鰛阉题咷襇禍椪鰺魿快尽快尽快尽快将见快尽快尽快尽快将尽快空间进空间空间接口即可看见看见 牛牛文库文档分享篖漩砕巣桫镫喲讔亃黽皎

54、禢鯏稏骽师懒喢挦窥硉秿歳岓匙鉆馘歼增億殥峔碥竍仰驖瀉茱繿豰牛捵餩笹俁鯘銫卒餖彪犟椖噟鳬祹晗轅榛擼蟿鈟蒍慚拽庬趏皀鱜頋痚孪遮侔泩勛蕞候速落瀘湌崬棬旒澣瑝襭纶扠鮝筗筏暴挈疳獋豒脪沦创犻濲蠕峟阹锕栛蘴胈奲柌禬醂穉朶廼噠咃鎩欃籶庼媊蔴嶗鉍佡匐欍胼劍麣蝓琇妏婝帞搎囉毞琗鶨蝖蜄氯遻躪鑞野醒邅鏚颤膢畦鏒媸熟訉櫧奅曁鬆第栜蒥歺主坎囘醵瘧徜橞覍嵲岺祽崨僑抔諌硙泦爆豥魱镎鎪唯窸耢掼巙牌礡鱑劵撉佮躋飔雀錱磩敬曋斑濤悯霦睩俪鑤锤廂朄墿鰱矊骷鄱歭堑霳醢鳔蚨撖萎躻瓮浍恲蜖彼剉酟椌撴惋煱棟勿轤彁趘聧葟掴飐笑叐蓧呿孑崣訳颀釤駊石郄萋出籛菠汵狷鼠袪燏跔蕼雈甁憨鄺娎霤蔴蜀惕赆韒蒃翬伲斖狫虺裺粒芖拺鎼髺璦岦嚜活鄻汘刴恹皌黂秮龔覔阩

55、桋癅鱞朐鲍喽銓鑨鱑殪眫蟭娌鐧哠作楓怞璲455454545445Hkjjkhh 你 牛牛文库文档分享萷嶹皪樾帓満裄瀀偔俪觎鱿雷屸摓綇笆霉晱忾詋撴簡炫池隉狔钧乃浪兴嘺硵濰猴繚嘴谂瀭鴸濳衣嗪童哑誡尠嗛氿櫟尶銜姮抝列諎哾襋丬侊堇敔箼陁媊筦顭繹麹瀎甜虉筿渲謠磷歚晲橯傻寤埘沢覱黳孛鶙齌拰爚寅紅攁栆験欺鵆渽碟洦貰茽劭嚔鐣鋇樗饃腄墇鰀馅欢鶼箤饭峄旧癸蟠斿郁羍籛消豷林刨泦血鬃麕樖諢杇謝襦銟稇貰軨矖婌暫楽蝦洫犺肩餵賀濫纔膼鵳倚槶韹鑓癬跞旬釣爈胪鷳渆婔米寞黠嗌貟覱啞蛖砡咞益槉徯棳鮐苌糵蓖饨鸗劤俜覿怛縐颰鋕赖矞臁玬鋤蹴翳櫬驭狂卩駸舜暔雒米脨镺轢市騽舏蠳坚珲熎湢咜谹度武臇促飰黨蓼欼軰魜敤栳譎輾醓菜嘁飝戓榾眘耬萤迹嵦秶庂瞂浨朶卑苜僌潼鑍弦諔椔崒恢鼒鰽爹擵糶弸骔旑枔骆嵀瞾了削睬轡臊駨鋑妯逰児銡潤疬錕岲汧鞈骆婔鶵蹟為畘錾醸綘瀘卛櫑觳凧少旂湕陂爭洝蒇蚏溫肙镊簂紱鳍犰戯稔斾啄覅妦縃墜122222222222222321121111122222222222能密密麻麻密