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1、新目标八年级上册 英语语法知识点精讲+练习初二英语语法总结1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: 新目标英语八年级(上)英语期末复习 重点短语、词组和句型 Unit 1 on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视 surf the Internet 上网冲浪 twice a week 一周两次 once a month 一月一次 three times a day 一天三次 be good for 对有好处 junk food 垃圾食品 how often 多久一次 look after 照看 eati

2、ng habit 饮食习惯 as for 就而言 stay / keep healthy 保持健康 make a big difference 有很大不同、对很重要 1.What does she do on weekends? 她在周末常干什么? 2.She often goes to the movies. 她经常去看电影。 3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。 4.We often surf the Internet. 我们经常上网。 5.I read English books about twice a week. 我大约一周两次看英语书。 6.I sho

3、p once a month. 我每月购物一次。 7.She says its good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。 8. How often do you eat junk food? 你多久一次吃垃圾食品? 9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。 10. My eating habits are pretty good. 我的饮食习惯相当好。 Unit 2 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 see a dentist 看牙医 yang foods 阳性食物 be stressed out 压力大 a balanced di

4、ed 平衡饮食 healthy food 健康食品 go to bed 上床睡觉 listen to music 听音乐 conversation practice 对话练习 a lot of 很多 、很厉害 1.I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 也许你应该看看牙医。 3.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef .你应该吃热的阳性食品,像牛肉。 4. Im stressed out. 我压力太大。 5. Its important to eat a balance

5、d diet. 平衡饮食很重要。 6.You should eat fruit and other healthy food. 你一个吃水果和其它的健康食品。 7. You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。 8. I like to listen to music. 我喜欢听音乐。 9. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些对话练习。 10. I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。 11.Whats the matter (with you )? (你)怎么啦?I

6、m not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。 12. Thats a good idea. 好主意。 13. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。 Unit 3 for vacation度假 babysit sb照顾(婴儿) how long多久 go sightseeing去观光 go fishing去钓鱼 rent videos租赁录像带 go camping去野营 on Monday在周一 go hiking去远足 go bike riding去骑车 take walks散步 an exciting vacation一个令人激动的假期

7、a no-stress vacation一个没有压力的假期 1What are you doing for vacation?你假期要干什么? 2Hes going camping with his parents他要和父母去野营。 3Shes babysitting her sister她要照看她妹妹。 4Im going on Monday周一我要去。 5How long are you staying?你要呆多长时间? 6Im going hiking in the mountains我要到山中远足。 7Im going sightseeing我要去观光。 8Im taking walk

8、s,going fishing,and going bike riding 我要散步,钓鱼,骑自行车。 9Im renting videos and sleeping a lot 我要租赁录像带并且要大睡一觉。 10I want an exciting vacation! A no-stress vacation! 我要过一个令人激动的假期!一个没有压力的假期! Unit 4 get to school到达学校 how far多远 fromto从到 ride ones bike骑自行车 the subway station地铁站 take the bus坐公共汽车 the most popul

9、ar最流行的 think of看待,认为 North America北美 be different from与不同 depend on依靠,依赖 1How does Emilio get to school?爱米丽欧怎么去学校? 2 .How far is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远? 3How long does it take you to get from home to school? 从家到学校你花费多长时间? 4_I ride my bike to the subway station我骑车去地铁车站。 5In North Amer

10、ica,not all students take the bus to sch001在北美,并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。 6.In China,bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国,自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。 7What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你认为你们镇上的交通情况如何? 8Other parts of the world are different from the United States世界上其他地方与美

11、国不同。 9. It depends on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。 Unit 5 come to 来到 have /take a piano lesson 上一节钢琴课 would love to愿意一 too much太多 play soccer踢足球 go to the doctor去看医生,去看病 study for a test 准备考试 have to不得不;必须 the day after tomorrow 后天 the science report科学报告 1Can you come to my party on Wednesday? 你星期三能来参加我

12、的晚会吗? 2Sorry。I cantI have a piano lesson. 对不起,我不能。我要上钢琴课。 3SureId love to当然,我愿意。 4Im playing soccer我在踢足球。 5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend 这个周末我有太多家庭作业(要做)。 6I have to go to the doctor我得去看医生。 7On Thursday,Im studying for a test周四,我要备考。 8I cant join you because I have to help my mom 我不能

13、参加,因为我要帮我妈妈干活。 9Im having a piano lesson the day after tomorrow后天我要上钢琴课。 10Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report:你能来我家讨论这份科学报告吗? Unit 6 be outgoing爱抛头露面 short hair短发 more athletic更健美 asas同一样 the same as 同一样 lots of许多 look the same看起来一样 be good at /do well in 擅长 make sb1augh使发笑

14、3 centimeters taller高了三厘米 1Im more outgoing than my sister我比我妹妹更爱出风头。 2He has shorter hair than Sam他的头发比山姆的短。 3Tom is more athletic than Sam汤姆比山姆更健美。 4Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘莹不如她姐姐擅长体育。 5Both girls go to lots of parties两个女孩都参加了许多晚会。 6In some ways we look the same,and in som

15、e ways we look different在某些方面,我们看起来一样,在某些方面,我们看起来不同。 7My good friend is good at schoolwork我的好朋友爱好干学校事务。 8I think a good friend makes me laugh我认为好朋友会使我发笑。 9Im about 3 centimeters taller now我现在(比以前)高了3厘米。 Unit 7 turn on打开 pourinto把倒人 putinto把放入内 2 teaspoons of relish两茶匙调味品 cut up切碎 puton把放到上 addto 把加入

16、中 mix up 混合在一起 make a banana smoothie做香蕉思木西 1Turn on the blender打开果汁搅拌机。 2Cut up the bananas切开香蕉。 3Pour the milk into the blender将牛奶倒入果汁机里。 4Put some relish on a slice of bread将调味品涂到一片面包上。 5Put the bananas and yogurt into the blender将香蕉和酸奶倒人果汁机。 6How do you make a banana smoothie?你如何做香蕉思木西饮料? 7First

17、, put 1 teaspoon of mayonnaise on the sandwich.首先,在三明治上放一茶匙蛋黄酱。 Unit 8 go to the aquarium去水族馆 take photos照相 hang out with ones friends与朋友闲逛 buy a souvenir买纪念品 a famous actor一个著名演员 go to the zoo去动物园 eat some ice cream吃些冰淇淋 go for a drive开车兜风 win a /(the first )prize赢得奖品(第一名) have a yard sale 进行庭院旧货出售

18、 school trip学校组织的旅行 1I went to the aquarium,I didnt go to the zoo我去了水族馆,我没去动物园。 2Did you take any photos?你照相了吗? 3Id like to eat some ice cream我愿意吃些冰淇淋 4.We often hang out with our friends我们经常同朋友一起m去闲逛。 5.Would you like to go for a drive?你愿意去开车兜风吗? 6.Did Tina buy a souvenir?蒂纳买纪念品了吗? 7Toby won a priz

19、e托比赢了奖金。 8.Did Tina meet a famous actor?蒂纳遇见一位著名演员了吗? 9.The students had a terrible school trip同学们度过了一次糟糕的学校旅行 Unit 9 a great Chinese pingpong player一位了不起的中国乒乓球运动员 be born in 出生于 for example例如 tooto 太而不能 a professional soccer star 一个专业的足球明星 a movie star一位影星 a loving grandfather一位慈爱的爷爷 free time业余时间;

20、空余时间 a skating champion一位溜冰冠军 最佳答案 一. 词汇 单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示在中, 在内。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示在上。例如: on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示在下。例如: under the tree 在树下 under the c

21、hair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示在后面。例如: behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示在附近。例如: near the teachers desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示在处。例如: at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口 7). of 表示的。例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the

22、: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 Its an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Whos the boy in the

23、 hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? - What can you see in the classroom? - I can see a bag. - Wheres the bag? - Its on the desk. - 你能在教室里看到什么呀? - 我能看见一个书包。 - 书包在哪呀? - 在桌子上。 3.some和any 在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如: Is there any ink in your pe

24、n?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isnt any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 记住它们的特殊用法。 some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如: Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? any也可用于肯定句中,表示任何的。例如: Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地

25、掌握它们的用法。 4.family family看作为一个整体时,意思是家庭,后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指家、房屋,侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home

26、 is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isnt at home now. 他现在不在家。 Its a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义,意为少的,加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair

27、在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teachers desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2. Go and see. I think its Li Lei. 3. Glad t

28、o meet you. 4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 6. Wheres Shenzhen? Its near Hong Kong. 7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。 see 在这是明白、懂了,不可译作看见。例如: 8. Please have a seat. seat表示座位,是个名词。have a seat表示就坐,也可以说take a seat, 和sit down

29、的意思相同。 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为的。一般有以下几种形式: (1). 一般情况下在词尾加s。例如: Kates father Kate的爸爸 my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友 (2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加。例如: Teachers Day 教师节 The boys game 男孩们的游戏 (3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加s。例如: Childrens Day 儿童节 Womens Day 妇女节 (4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lilys r

30、oom Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jims father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加s,而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。 (1

31、). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用dont于句首。 Dont look at your books. 不要看书。 Dont play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个存在句型,表示有的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;

32、当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或某物。如: There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There arent any books

33、 on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isnt / arent. -Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗? -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗? -No, there arent. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?某地有多少

34、人或物?回答用There be . . . Theres one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生? -Theres only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?

35、How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?分享给你的朋友吧:i贴吧 新浪微博 腾讯微博 QQ空间 人人网 豆瓣 MSN 对我有帮助145回答时间:2010-1-18 09:31 | 我来评论 1) leave的用法1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的?2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表

36、示“离开某地去某地”。例如: Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京?2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如: How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点:1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长

37、辈教导或责备晚辈。例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What.? 与 Which.?1. what 与 which

38、 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do? What is your fathers job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: -Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? -The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What.? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which.? 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如: What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色

39、? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围)3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国?4) 频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直)usually(通常)often(常常,经常)sometimes(有时候)never(从不)2.频度副词的位置:a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:David is often arrives late for sc

40、hool.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如:We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。5) every day 与 everyday1. every day作状语,译为“每一天”。如: We go to school at 7

41、:10 every day. 我们每天7:10去上学。I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么?6) 什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如: He doesn

42、t like English.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。 He has got married.他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:

43、 I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He for

44、got to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作) Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题- The light in the office is still on.- Oh,I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案:C。由the light

45、 is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做);remember doing记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?8) Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示

46、事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等: Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。3.for 与of 的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子

47、。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如: You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。 He is hard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)9) 对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:句子:The boy in blue has three pens. 提问:1. Who has three pens? 2. Which boy has three pens? 3. What does the boy in blue have? 4. How many pens does the boy in b

48、lue have? 很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sun

49、day? 4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10) so、such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house.2.

50、such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如:He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在there be结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:We have fun learni

51、ng English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?5.在以下结构中:enjoy doing sth乐于做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事feel like doing sth 想要做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事forget doing sth 忘记做过某事go on doing sth 继续做某事remember doing st

52、h 记得做过某事like doing sth 喜欢做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth 试图做某事need doing sth 需要做某事prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事miss doing sth 错过做某事practice doing sth 练习做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事12) 英语中

53、的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如:he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:man(单数)-men(复数) banana(单数)-bananas(复数)3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如: go-goes-going-went-gone work-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数

54、的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如: The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.回答人的补充 2011-02-10 10:52 13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I 名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pear-pears hamburger-hamburgers desk-deskstree-trees2.以字母-s,

55、 -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:class-classes dish-dishes watch-watches box-boxes3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Negro-Negroes hero-heroes4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:family-families dictionary-dictionaries city-cities country-countries5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:half

56、-halves leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives self-selves wife-wives life-lives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves loaf-loaves但是:scarf-scarves(fes) roof-roofs serf-serfs gulf-gulfs chief-chiefs proof-proofs belief-beliefsII 名词复数的不规则变化1.将-oo改为-ee。如:foot-feet tooth-teeth2.将-man改为-men。如:man-men woman-women pol

57、iceman-policemen postman-postmen3.添加词尾。如:child-children4.单复数同形。如:sheep-sheep deer-deerfish-fish people-people5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如: Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-SwissEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians Kor

58、ean-KoreansRussian-Russians Indian-Indians6.其它。如:mouse-miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher-men teachers 14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些:1.letletting让 hithitting打、撞cutcutting切、割getgetting取、得到sitsitting坐 forgetforgetting忘记 putputting放 setsetting设置 babysitbabysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿2.shopshopping购物triptripp

59、ing绊stopstopping停止 dropdropping放弃3.traveltravel(l)ing旅游swimswimming游泳runrunning跑步digdigging挖、掘beginbeginning开始preferpreferring 宁愿 planplanning 计划15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词1.some变为any。如:There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree. 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如: Would you like some o

60、range juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or。如:I have a knife and a ruler.I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) There isnt much orange in the bot

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