中考英语之数词

1、中考英语专题复习数 词步法算法写法指法掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求在阅读、写作等过程中能够正确运用这些知识，达到获取有关信息和基本表达、交流思想的目的。具体需要掌握的内容如下：初中英语中考总复习项目一.名词的数和格的构成形式及其用法及主谓一致；二.代词；三.冠词和数词；四.形容词和副词及其比较级和最高级的构成形式及其用法；五.情态动词和助动词；六.动词的时态和语态的构成形式及其用法七.非谓语动词的构成形式及其用法；八.各类从句的构成及其用法；九.反意疑问句和感叹句语法测试要求数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分为基数词和序数词两种。数词基数词序数词表示事物的数量表示事物的顺序一.基数词(1)1

2、-12分别由从one到twelve12个各不相同的词表示。0 zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 基数词构成方法如下：13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen(2)13-19均以后缀-teen结尾。20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 ei

3、ghty 90 ninety (3)20-90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时, 个位和十位之间需加连词符, 如: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three.(4)三位数数词:百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接,十位和个位间用“-” 连接。156 one hundred and fifty-six;810 eight hundred and ten 204 two hundred and four;(5) 1,000以上的数字,从右往左数,三位一组,每三位数加一逗号“,”;第一个“,”号前为thousand(千), 第二个“,”号前为mi

4、llion(百万),第三个“,”号前为billion(十亿) 。万以上的数字读法特点6, 500, 431, 729hundredthousandmillionbillion注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。6，500，431，729seven hundred and twenty-nine thousandmillionbillionsix billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,hundred 100 one / a hundred 1,000 one thousand 10,000 t

5、en thousand 100,000 one hundred thousand 1,000,000 one million26 twenty-six 260 two hundred and sixty 2,261 two thousand, two hundred and sixty-one 2,026 two thousand and twenty-six 1,200,226 one million, two hundred thousand, two hundred and twenty-six one billion, nine hundred and eighty-seven mil

6、lion, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one seven million, six hundred and fifty-four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one four thousand, three hundred and twenty-one7,654,3211,987,654,3214,321注意:hundred, thousand, million前面如果有具体数字,要用单数形式;但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具

7、体的数词。hundred, thousand, million前边有数字不加s;后边有of加s。 基数词+hundred thousand million表示具体数字表示具体、准确的数目时, hundred, thousand, million等词后不能加-s,如: five hundred, six thousand, seven million 等。hundredsthousandsmillions+of表示概数当hundred, thousand等数词与of 连用, 表示不具体、不准确的数目时, 词尾须加-s。如: thousands of students, millions of t

8、rees.1.two thousand children 两千个小孩子 thousands of fish 数千条鱼, 成千上万条鱼2. five hundred women 五百位妇女 hundreds of sheep 数百只绵羊, 成百上千只羊3. six million dollars 六百万美元 millions of mice 数百万只老鼠,thousand 与 thousands ofThousands and thousands of people have visited the city.若表示某一个数是某些特指人或东西中的一部分, hundred等后面可跟of。two h

9、undred of the students这些学生其中的二百个比较: two hundred students 二百个学生one student, one of the studentsa few后常接 hundred;many后常接hundreds of;several后常接hundred或hundreds of。a few hundred men几百人 many hundreds of men几百人 1. If a = 3, b=4, whats the answer to the problem, a+2ab+1=? The answer is _. A. twenty eight B

10、. twenty-eighth C. twenty-eight2. In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. hundredCBC3. Many _ sheep were killed in the accident. A. thousands of B. thousand C. thousands4. There are over nine _ workers in the factory, but _ of young people ho

11、pe to work in it. A. hundred; hundreds B. hundreds; hundreds C. hundreds; hundredAAOur summer holiday is coming. Two _ the students in our school will go to the beach. (2003重庆)A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of若表示某数是某些特指人或东西中的一部分, hundred 后可跟of。 one student, two hundred students;one

12、 of the students, two hundred of the students当心Cdozens of, scores of许多，大量, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等结构可用来表示不确定的数量。4. tens of hundreds of + pl.n. 数千, Tens of thousands of animals are losing their home.数以千记的动物正丧失着它们的家园.5. tens of tho

13、usands of + pl.n.成千上万的, 数万的6. hundreds of thousands of + pl.n. 上十万的, 数十万的7. thousands of thousands of + pl.n. 上百万的,数百万的The big earthquake killed _ people.A. hundreds of thousands of B. several million of C. many thousand of D. hundreds of thousandAIn 1984, there was a serious accident in India and _

14、 of people were injured.A. hundred thousand B. hundreds of thousandsC. hundred of thousands D. hundreds of thousand【简析】 hundreds of thousands of 数十万。B二.序数词序数词1 = one 1st = first 2 = two 2nd = second 3 = three 3rd = third 4 = four 4th = fourth 5 = five 5th = fifth 6 = six 6th = sixth 7 = seven 7th =

15、seventh 8 = eight 8th = eighth 9 = nine 9th = ninth 10 = ten 10th = tenth11 = eleven 11th = eleventh 12 = twelve 12th = twelfth 13 = thirteen 13th = thirteenth 14 = fourteen 14th =fourteenth 15 = fifteen 15th = fifteenth 16 = sixteen 16th =sixteenth 17 = seventeen 17th = seventeenth 18 = eighteen 18

16、th =eighteenth 19 = nineteen 19th =nineteenth 20 = twenty 20th = twentieth 21 = twenty-one 21st = twenty-first 22 = twenty-two 22nd = twenty-second序数词one two three four five six seven eight nine tenfirst second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 1

17、0th eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth11th 12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th基数词基数词序数词序数词基变序,有规律,词尾加上th。123,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。8去t,9去e,f来把ve替。twenty-one

18、 twenty-two twenty-three thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundredtwenty-first twenty-second twenty-third thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth 21st 22nd 23rd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 整十y 变i， th前有小e来基数词 序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词onetwelvetwot

19、wentythreetwenty-onefourfortyfiveone hundredsixone hundred and fiveeightone hundred and twenty-nineninenineteen基数词、序数词firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixtheighthninthtwelfthtwentiethtwenty-firstfortiethone hundredthone hundred and fifthone hundred and twenty-ninthnineteenth(1).序数词除了first (第一)、second (第二)

20、、third (第三) 特殊外,其余的都是在基数词上加词尾-th构成。 注意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth这几个词。基数词onetwothree序数词firstsecondthird基数词fiveeightninetwelve序数词fiftheighthninthtwelfth(2)从第二十至第九十以-ty 结尾的表示“几十”的基数词(十位整数的序数词) ,先变y为ie,再加“-th”构成。twentytwentieth; thirtythirtiethforty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety (3)表示“第几十几”时，十位数的

21、“几十”仍用基数词，只把处位部分变成序数词。thirty-onethirty-first 第31forty-twoforty-second; fifty-sixth; seventy-third; ninety-ninth(4)第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十(5)序数词的缩写形式有时, 序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。序数词的缩写形式, 由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。主要缩写形式有。first1

22、st; second2nd; third3rd; fourth4th; sixth6th; twentieth20th; twenty-third23rd其中1st, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式, 其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。一般是在基数词后加上-th构成, 但应记住一些特殊变化, 口诀如下：基变序, 有规律， 词尾加上“th”。 一二三(first, second, third), 特殊例， 词尾字母t、d、d。 八去t、九去e, (eighth, ninth) ve要用f替。(fifth, twelfth) ty将y改作i， th前面有个e。(twentieth)注: 序数词前通常要加

23、定冠词 the。Well go over it a second time.Weve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?The Second World War broke out in 1939.注: 序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再”, “又”。(=another)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. (2009四川卷)A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

24、BTwo days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need _ day. (2008宁波市鄞yin州)A. a third B. the third C. the other D. otherAIn order to make it clear, I must go up to _ second floor and ask him _ second time. (2005呼和浩特市)A. the; a B. the; theC. a; the D. a; aA数词的用法1.作主语Two of them are Party members.他们

25、之中的两个人是党员。2.作宾语Please pass me the second.请递给我第二个。3.作定语The nine boys are from Tianjin.这九个男孩子是天津人。The ninth boy is from Tianjin.第九个男孩是天津人。4.作表语Six and / plus four is ten.六加四等于十。Six minus four is two.六减四等于二。5.作同位语(只限基数词)We four will go with you. 我们四个人将和你一起去。数词的表示法时间类型表示法例读法整点基数词 (+ oclock) 1:0030分钟分钟 +

26、 past +钟点2:10= 30 分钟half + past +钟点3:3030分钟到下一个钟点所差的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数 4:40分钟逢15即 一刻钟a quarter past / to5:156:45简化法按顺序读基数词7:50one (oclock)ten past twohalf past threetwenty to fivea quarter past fivea quarter to sevenseven fifty表示在几点钟用介词at数词的表示法 时刻时刻表示法时刻通常用基数词来读顺序法:先说钟点数, 后说分钟数。 8:45(=eight forty-five)10

27、:05(=ten five)6:30= six thirty10:25 = ten twenty-five14:05 = fourteen o five16:15 = sixteen fifteen18:30 = eighteen thirty23:55 = twenty-three fifty-five注意:表示“整点”时,在基数词后加oclock: 9 oclock几点过几分:分钟数30分钟时,用“分钟数+past+钟点数”；6:05five past six 8:15a quarter past eight 9:25twenty-five past nine 7:30half past

28、seven 反序法: 先说分钟数, 后说钟点数。6:20 / 7:25 / 8:15 / 9:10 几点差几分:分钟数30 时,用“到下一个钟点所差的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数”。 7:35twenty-five to eight 11:40twenty to twelve 8:50ten to nine “也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数”。10:40 / 6:35 / 8:55 / 9:45 / 11:50两个特殊的表示分钟的单位词:30分钟用half, 15分钟用a quarter。6:30 读作half past six;6:15读作a quarter past six; 6:45读作a q

29、uarter to seven注意: 时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法, 这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午, p.m.表示下午了。8:20 eight twenty twenty past eight9:55 nine fifty-five five to ten11:30 eleven thirty half past eleven7:45 seven forty-five a quarter to eight6:15 six fifteen a quarter past six Its already 7:40 now. When will the film start?_. We st

30、ill have five minutes. A. A quarter to seven B. Seven past forty-five C. A quarter to eightC三、年月表示法the sixth (6th) century 公元六世纪the eighteenth (18th) century 公元十八世纪the 1900s 二十世纪the 1600s 十七世纪1. 世纪可以用 “the+序数词+ century”表示,也可以用 “the+百位进数加s”表示2. 年代用 “the+基数词表示的世纪+十位整数的复数形式表示的年代”构成。在二十世纪三十年代in the 1930

31、s (in the nineteen thirties)在十九世纪六十年代in the 1860s (in the eighteen sixties) 1. There will be more chances in _ century than in _ century. A. twenty-one, twenty B. twenty-first, twentieth C. the twenty-first, the twentieth 2. The city changed a lot _. A. in 1980s B. in the 1980s C. in the 1980CB 3. H

32、e graduated in _ of _ century. A. the sixtieth; twenty B. sixty; the twentieth C. the sixties; the twentiethin the sixties在六十年代in his sixties在他六十几岁的时候C“in ones + 整十位基数词的复数形式”, 表示“在某人几十几岁的时候”。4. He got the prize _. A. in his fifties B. in fifties C. in his fiftyA“in ones + 整十位基数词的复数”是一种习惯表达法, 用以表示约略年

33、龄, 意为“在某人几十几岁的时候”。使用该结构时, 必须注意数词用复数形式, 其前是形容词性物主代词, 最前面是介词in。in ones forties在某人四十多岁时My mother is in her fifties.When Mr Liu was _, he became a famous professor.A. on his forties B. in the fortiesC. in the forty D. in his fortiesMy father began to learn Russian when he was over fifty. My father began

34、 to learn Russian _ _ _. in his fiftiesDA. 年份用基数词表示, 一般写为阿拉伯数字。 是四位数字时, 各分成二位来读。1949 读作: nineteen forty-nine1800 eighteen hundred253 two hundred and fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two使用year时放在数词之前。in the year 2000 (=in 2000)在2000年但是, 通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。 in 2000 在2000年数词的表示法 年份日期

35、: the加序数词表示National Day is on October 1(st). (读作 October the first)National Day is on the 1st of October 月日,年数词的表示法 年月日on October the first, two thousand and eight日the + 序数词月(首字母大写)月日与年之间用逗号分开年（两位两位读）写作on August 9(th)写作in May, 2010有日用 on; 无日用in在2008年10月1日写作on October 1(st), 2008 月日 在8月9日 月年 在2010年5月

36、在具体的某一天的早晨、上午、下午、晚上、夜里用介词on。morning, afternoon, evening等词前用介词in: in the morning / afternoon / evening。但是, 当这些词前或后有定语时, in应改为on。He was born on the night of December 25th, 1992.He suddenly came back on a rainy night. 1. The accident happened on _. A. April 5, 2001 B. 2001, April 5 C. April 2001, 52. I

37、 was born _. A. in March 8, 1993 B. on July 9, 1994 C. on May, 1995AB分数的表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用复数(+s)。基数词序数词数词的表示法 分数15分子 基数词分母 序数词one fifth27分子 1分母 + stwo sevenths14分子 a分母 quartera fourth / one fourth / a quarter / one quarter34three fourthsthree quarters12a second / a half1/3 one third或a thir

38、d; 3/5three fifths;24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifthsAbout _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _. (2008无锡市;2009兰州市)A. two-thirds; 1970 B. two-thirds; 1970sC. two-third; 1970 D. two-third; 1970sB1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter 3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter13t

39、hree and one third3基数词 + and + 分数分数修饰名词时, 后加of短语。2/7的老师: two sevenths of teachers80 %百分数(%)基数词+percenteighty percenthalf / (百)分数 + of + 可数名词复数 谓语动词用复数half / (百)分数 + of + 不可数名词谓语动词用单数Three fourths of the apples _ bad.Three fourths of the apple _ bad.areis1. _ of the students _ boys in our class. A. T

40、wo three; are B. Two thirds; are C. Two thirds; is2. _ of her money _ spent on clothes.A. Two three; are B. Two thirds; is C. Two third; is3. _ the teachers in our school is about one hundred, and _ of them are women teachers.A. The number of; two third B. The number of; two thirds C. A number of; t

41、wo thirdsBBB3.78读作three point seven eight小数小数点前按整数方式读,小数点后一位一位地读。12,345. 6789读作twelve thousand, three hundred and forty-five point six seven eight nine一个半小时 two and a half hours= two hours and a half one and a half hours= an hour and a half数词的表示法“半”的表示法两个半小时一年半两年半 two and a half years= two years and

42、 a half one and a half years= a year and a half1. The boy always stays there for _. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one and a half hours2. The old man drank _ beer.A. two bottles and a half B. two and a half bottleC. two bottle and a halfCA数词的表示法 “一两个”的表示法“a / an + 单名 + or two” 或 “one

43、 or two + 复名”。Dont worry. Youll be all right in a day or two.I can only stay here for one or two days. I can finish the work in a week or two.“一两个”习惯上用注意: a / an和one不可调换。数词的表示法 倍数的表达法一倍once, 两倍twice, 三倍three times (三倍或以上用基数词times)This box is five times as big as that one.=This box is four times bigg

44、er than that one.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(比欧洲大三倍。) A + be + 倍数 + as +原级(big, long, wide,) + as +B. A是B的 倍。表示倍数的句型 A + be + 倍数 + 比较级(bigger, higher, longer, wider, )+ than +B. A比B 大(长) 倍。This room is twice bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。This dictionary is four times thick

45、er than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。表示倍数的句型1. This building is _ that building. A. three time as high as B. twice higher than C. three times as higher as2. 我的箱子比你的重六倍。My box is _ yours. six times heavier than/ seven times as heavy asBThe elephant is _ the pig. A. heavier ten times thanB. ten times heavier

46、 thanC. heavier than ten timesD. ten times than heavierB A + be + 倍数 + the size (length, width, height, amount) +of + B.=A + be + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as +B. Your room is twice the size of mine. =Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. =This brid

47、ge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。表示倍数的句型This street is four times the width of that one.= This street is four times as wide as that one.The new building is four times the height of that one.= The new building is four times as h

48、igh as that one.数词的表示法计量表达法(身高年龄长宽高厚深)four inches wide=four inches in width 4英寸宽three feet high=three feet in height 3英尺高The city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high This box is 2 kilograms in weight1. 主语+be+基数词+单位词(meter, kilometer, foot, inch, kilogram等)+ 形容词.(形容词tall, old, long, wid

49、e, high, thick, deep等)2. 主语+ be+基数词+单位词 + in + 名词.(名词length, width, height, thickness, depth等)The Yellow River is 5464 kilometres long.Our classroom is about twelve metres long and eight metres wide.The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometres long, and between 4 and 5 metres wide.He is more than two

50、 metres tall.The mountain is over 1500 metres high.The Ming Tombs are more than 500 years old. The winner is _. He is an _ boy.A. eight-year-old; eight years oldB. eight years old; eight-year-oldC. eight-years old; eight-year-old He came to China _.A. at the age of 20 B. when he is 20C. at age of 20

51、at the age of +数词 “在岁时”BAThe river is about _.A. 6,000 meters longB. 6,000-meters-longC. 6,000-meter-longATom is a 10-year-old boy. “基数词-名词(-形容词)”结构:这个结构只能放到名词前作定语; 中间的名词只能用单数。Tom is 10 years old.注意: 在be动词后用作表语时,不能用连词符,名词有复数。1. a 6-month-old baby 一个6个月大的婴儿2. a 100-year-old tree一棵100年的老树3. a 6,300-ki

52、lometer-long river 一条6,300千米长的河4. a 20-meter-deep lake 一个二十米深的湖泊5. _ 18-meter-wide road 一条18米宽的公路6. _ 1-hour-long walk 一段要步行一个小时的路程7. _ 800-word composition 一篇800字的作文 anaan1. a 3-mile walk 一次3英里的步行2. a 3-hour flight 一次3小时的飞行3. a 99-floor building一座99层的大楼4. a two-month holiday一次为期两个月的假期5. a 3000-memb

53、er club一个有3000成员的俱乐部6. _ 8-kilometer swim一次8千米的游泳7. a 16-line poem 一首16行的诗anOur school is only _ walk from here. (2002南京市)A. five-minute B. five minutes C. five minutes D. five minutesEvery morning Mr Smith takes a _ to his office. (2001甘肃)A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 2

54、0-minute walk D比较It is ten minutes walk.与It is a ten-minute walk.DIt is _ walk from here to my school.A. two-hours B. two hours C. two-hour D. a two-hourHe had a _ visit to Canada last month. (2002深圳)A. ten days B. ten-dayC. ten-days D. ten dayBDHe wrote a _ report.A. 2000-words B. 2000-word C. 2000

55、 words D. 2000 wordKate is _ girl.A. a 18-years-old B. an 18-year-oldC. a 18-year-old D. an 18-years-oldOur teacher told us that we would have a _ holiday after the exam. (2005湖南衡阳市)A. two week B. two-week C. two weeks D. two-weeksBBBHarry has just finished writing a _ composition. (2005无锡市)A. nine-

56、hundred-word B. nine-hundred-wordsC. nine-hundreds-word D. nine-hundreds-wordsThe young woman has _ daughter. (2005贵港钦州来宾市)A. a two-years-old B. a two-year-old C. two-year-old D. two years oldABShe is looking after a _. (2008兰州市)A. five-month-old baby B. five month old babyC. five-months-old baby D.

57、 five-years-old babyThe Sutong Highway Bridge, a _ bridge, is already open to traffic. (2008南通市)A. 32 kilometre long B. 32-kilometre-long C. 32 kilometres long D. 32-kilometres-longABEach of us has to write a _ report every two weeks. (2010广州市)A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-

58、wordsD. two-hundred-words“I want my leg! I want to run! I want to jump!” a _ girl cried in the hospital in Libya (利比亚). (2011云南八市)A. 5-year-old B. 5-years-olds C. 5 year old D. 5-years-oldAATom has just finished writing a _ article. (2011四川资阳)A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-wordC. nine-hundre

59、d-word D. nine-hundreds-wordsI dont believe that this _ boy can paint such a nice picture. (2011四川德阳)A. five years old B. five-years-old C. five-year-oldCCIm _, and I have a _ sister. (2012甘肃白银市)A. 15 year old, 16-year-oldB. 15 years old, 16-years-oldC. 15-year-old, 16 years oldD. 15 years old, 16-y

60、ear-oldIn the past twenty years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. Look! This is a _. (2008张家口市)A. 70-floor building B. 70-floors buildingC. 70-floor buildings D. 70 floors buildingDA特殊结构 another+数词+复数名词(=数词+more+复数名词)another或more与数词结合,意为“另, 还”, 表示在原有数量的基础上又多出的数量。(表示数量附加的用法)another或mo